Transcript Document
Challenges For The Marine Transportation System Captain David B. MacFarland
The MARINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM The Nation’s network of oceans, lakes, rivers, canals, locks and dams
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95,000 miles of U.S. coastline 25,000 miles of navigable channels 326 public/private ports, 3700 marine terminals Supports 13M jobs, contributes $718B to U.S. GDP 78% of foreign trade in/out of U.S. by ship 78M recreational boaters; $26B spent in FY00 for boaters Every U.S. citizen relies on the MTS: energy delivery, exports, transportation, cost-effective consumer goods, recreation, environmental protection
U.S. Coast Guard
TagHeuer Watch Swiss made Imported Port of NY/NJ Everyone depends on the MTS for something… food, work or play!
Renault toy car Made in Taiwan Imported Port of LA/Long Beach Salomon SnowBlades Made in France Imported Port of Philadelphia Canon Ixus Made in Japan Imported Port of Tacoma BMW 3 Series Made in Germany Imported Port of Baltimore
From Renault advertisement
Brought to you courtesy of the U.S. Marine Transportation System
Shipping is the cheapest and most environmentally friendly form of transport
NOAA
Energy Transportation Challenge: Uninterrupted delivery to meet increasing needs Oil [Crude and Finished]
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2000 Imports
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2000 Exports
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2000 U.S. Transship’d Total Liquid Natural Gas
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1999 Imports
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1999 Exports Total Coal
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2000 Imports
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2000 Exports
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2000 U.S. Transship’d Total 4B barrels 379M barrels 2.6B barrels 7B Barrels 217.9 BCF 167.3 BCF 385.2BCF
11M tons 58M tons 218M tons 287M tons
U.S. Depends on Uninterrupted Flow of Goods and Energy Products that Fuel A Nation
COMMERCIAL SHIPPING AFFECTS EVERYONE West Coast Ports Shut Down
’99 Report to Congress: An Assessment of the U.S. Marine Transportation System
Critical MTS Issues
• ECONOMY – total volume of maritime trade will more than DOUBLE in 20 years
Critical MTS Issues
• INFRASTRUCTURE – Crumbling, undersized, aging; compromises safety • TRAFFIC – More ships, more CONGESTIO N • SECURITY – fewer overseas bases … rely on deployment • Homeland Security Ports
U.S. Coast Guard
Critical MTS Issues
• SAFETY – 3500 commercial shipping accidents annually on U.S. waterways, 6500 recreational • HAZMAT – over 50% cargo is oil or hazardous material • ENVIRONMENT – Increased Stress Dredging, Port expansion
Data Needs : Critical Underkeel Clearance Issues require more accurate information
1’ of draft = $3M in autos $100K in coal
TRANSPORTATION MODE COMPARISON – ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT EFFICIENCY
EMISSIONS PRODUCED Pollutants (in pounds) produced in moving one ton of cargo 1,000 miles
Towboat Hydro Carbon Carbon Monoxide Nitrous Oxide
.09
.20
.53
Train
.46
.64
1.83
Truck
.63
1.90
10.17
Source: Environmental Advantages of Inland Barge Transportation, DOT MARAD, 1994
Container Ship Evolution
2000 New Build Orders Expansion of World Post-Panamax Container Fleet 62% “Mega Ships”
15,000 TEU Containership
L.O.A. = 400 m (1,312 ft.) Draft = 14 m (46 ft.) BEAM = 69 m (226 ft.)
Cruise Industry $11B 1997 $18B 2000 8+% Annual Growth
MEGA SHIPS
LA/Long Beach
Mega Ports
Port of New Orleans Brownfields
MEGA PORTS
Millennium Port
Competing Uses
San Pedro Bay Ports Cargo Growth Implications
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At current growth and per acre productivity,
9,400 new acres
of container terminal will be required by 2020
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Current POLB/POLA container terminal acreage = 1,880 acres
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By 2010, the POLB/POLA will require over
5000 new acres
dedicated to containers
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By 2020, a
6,800 acre shortfall !
China Shipping – 9800 TEUS!
CHINA SHIPPING HAS 33 VESSELS ON ORDER… 3 ARE 9800 TEU for TRANSIT FROM FAR EAST TO U.S. WEST COAST
COSCO’s 9800 TEU Vessel = 4900 Trucks Traveling at 60 MPH, that’s a line of trucks stretching over 320 miles down the highway!
Overseas Inland Trade: Truck Traffic on U.S. Highway Network, 2020 (Tons) with
Transshipment Routes
MEGA PROBLEMS
Mega Problems
The QE2 Jessica -- Galapagos Tug Mauvilla
MEGA PROBLEMS
Houston Ship Channel: The Texas Chicken
U.S. Coast Guard
Houston Ship Channel: a frequent condition HOUSTON. Feb 27 2001 (Reuters) – Fog closed the Houston Ship Channel to inbound traffic again on Tuesday… Earlier this month fog led to long delays for vessels using the channel, causing a backlog of almost 80 ships at one point… Port of Houston -
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Direct costs for deep sea vessels delayed due to fog est’d at $4.9M in 2000
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One petrochemical company est’d total ancillary costs at $30-40M 1 st Qtr 2001
NOAA
NOAA GPS
Continuously Operated Reference System “Accurate Positioning Key to Safe Navigation”
NOAA’s Navigation Services: Surveying
WRECKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS
ELECTRONIC NAVIGATIONAL CHARTS Available for Free on the Internet (400,000 in first 2 years) 1,800,000 last year Reduce transportation delays with low visibility navigation
PORTS ® Water Levels, Currents, Winds, Salinity, (Visibility) Air Gap
MARINE WEATHER FORECASTS
Issues marine warnings and forecasts Continually monitors and analyzes maritime data Provides guidance of marine atmospheric variables
Spill Management
700+ hazardous waste sites contaminate our coasts 2M gallons of oil spilt a year from marine accidents
Spill Trajectory Modeling – Contingency Planning Hazmat spill prevention and response
Major MTS Players and Pieces:
U.S. Coast Guard
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Vessel Traffic Management
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Aids to Navigation
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Notices to Mariners
NOAA
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Law Enforcement
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PORTS ®
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ENC’s, Nautical Charts
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Automatic Identification System
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Marine Weather Forecasts
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Accurate GPS Positioning
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Hydrographic Surveys
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Hazmat Cleanup
Army Corps of Engineers
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Channel Maintenance
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Dredging
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Lock and Dam Repair
EPA
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Dredged Material Use
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Invasive Species
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Ballast Water
MARAD
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Intermodal, Port Development
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Domestic Merchant Marine Fleet
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National Defense
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Shipbuilding
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US Merchant Marine Academy
INTEGRATED MTS INFRASTRUCTURE A COMPLETE PICTURE