Transcript USA in the period of Cold War

Gymnázium J. V. Jirsíka, F. Šrámka 23, 371 46 České Budějovice
PROJEKT GJVJ 2012
Registrační číslo projektu
CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0342
21. USA in the period of the Cold War
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Popis:
Mgr. Kateřina Řeřichová
Gymnázium J. V. Jirsíka,
Fr. Šrámka 23, České Budějovice
anglický jazyk
22.9.2013
3. – 4. ročník čtyřletého typu studia
a odpovídající ročníky víceletých
typů studia
výklad s procvičením
prezentace o USA v
době studené války – válka v
Koreji, Kubánská krize, válka ve
Vietnamu, aféra Watergate ,
procvičení učiva
What was the Cold War?
• The term is used to describe
the relationship between
the USA and the Soviet Union
1945 to 1980
• Their “friendship” during
WW II was based on fighting
a mutual enemy – Nazi
Germany
• After WW II – distrustful to
each other
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cold_war_europe_military_alliances
_map_de.png
Autor: San Jose, CC BY-SA, 22.9.2013
World map of cold war, 1980
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cold_War_Map_1980.png
PD, 22.9.2013
What was the Cold War?
• Cold War = race in production
of weapons of mass
destruction, space race
• None of the sides ever fought
the other – the results would
have been appalling
• Both sides fought for their
beliefs using other states
fighting on their behalf
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AtomicWar0301.jpg
Autor: Atomicsteve, CC BY-SA, 22.9.2013
Differences between the USA and the
USSR after WW II
USA
• Free elections
• Democratic
• Capitalist
• Survival of the best
• Richest world economy
• Personal freedom
• Freedom of the media
USSR
• No elections or fixed
• Autocratic / dictatorship
• Communist
• Everybody helps everybody
• Poor economic base
• Society controlled by the
secret police
• Total censorship
Korean War (1950 – 1953)
• After WW II – Korea divided in two parts at 38th
parallel
• North Korea – taken by the USSR – People`s
Democratic Republic – communist regime
• South Korea – taken by the USA – Republic of Korea –
capitalist regime
• 1950 – the North attacked the South
• The UN – sent troops there to protect the South
(15 nations sent troops)
• End of the war – halting of communist expansion in
south-east Asia
Cuban Missile Crisis 1962
• In 1950s – Cuban dictator
Fulgencio Batista
• Cuba was pro-American –
Havana became the centre of
gambling – Americans came
there for the weekend
• 1959 – Cuban rebels lead by
Fidel Castro overthrew Batista`s
government
• Nationalization of American
firms, national health system
and education free of charge
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fidel_Castro__MATS_Terminal_Washington_1959.jpg
PD, 22.9.2013
Cuban Missile Crisis 1962
• The USA put Cuba under an
embargo – no trade with
Cuba was done
• The USSR started buying
sugar and other exports
• New American president J. F.
Kennedy supported antiCastro Cubans – with help of
CIA they landed at the Bay of
Pigs to overthrow the Castro
government – no success
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_relative_ranges_of_the
_IL-28,_SS-4,_and_SS-5,_stationed_on_Cuba.png
PD, 22.9.2013
Bay of Pigs
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BayofPigs.jpg
PD, 22.9.2013
Cuban Missile Crisis 1962
• Reaction – close co-operation
between Cuba and the USSR
• October 1962 - the USSR built
bases on Cuba – put there
missiles
• President Kennedy and the
Russian leader Khrushchev –
came to an agreement
• The USSR removed the missiles,
the USA ended the embargo and
promised there would be no
invasion to Cuba
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:President_Kenned
y_signs_Cuba_quarantine_proclamation,_23_October_1962
.jpg
PD, 22.9.2013
USA in Vietnam War (1964 – 1973)
• In 1950s – “Domino theory” in
the US – if a country is allowed
to fall to communism, the
country next to it will follow as
they are connected as dominos
• The USA wanted to stop
spreading communism
• Vietnam was divided into two
parts – North Vietnam (called
Vietcong) supported by
communist countries and
South Vietnam
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:South_Vietnam_Map.jpg
PD, 22.9.2013
USA in Vietnam War (1964 – 1973)
• The USA had sent to Vietnam
“special advisors” since 1955
• 1965 – 1969 – 500 000
American troops in Vietnam –
not professionals – young
soldiers used to conventional
war
• Vietcong – well-trained in
guerilla war
• Many innocent civilians killed
by both sides
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marine_da_nang.jpg
PD, 22.9.2013
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bruce_Crandall%27s_UH-1D.jpg
PD, 22.9.2013
USA in Vietnam War (1964 – 1973)
• Protests against the Vietnam War students, black Americans, hippie
movement
• 1969 – President Nixon – agreed to
reduce number of American troops in
Vietnam
• 1973 – America`s involvement in
Vietnam finished
• It cost 1 billion dollars, more than 7
million tons of bombs were dropped
• 1975 – Vietnam was united after the
defeat of the South by the North
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vietnamese_villagers_suspect
ed_of_being_communists_by_the_US_Army_-_1966.jpg
PD, 22.9.2013
Protest against the Vietnam War in
Washington , 1971
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vietnam_War_protest_in_Washington_DC_April_1971.jpg
Autor: Leena Krohn, CC BY-SA, 22.9.2013
Watergate affair, 1972
• 17th June 1972 – several
burglars arrested in
Watergate Complex
(Democratic Party
headquarters) in
Washington D.C.
• They tried to tap phones
and steal secret documents
• Connected to re-election
campaign of President
Richard Nixon – had to
resign
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nixon_30-0316a.jpg
PD, 22.9.2013
End of the Cold War
• Mikhail Gorbachev – President
of the USSR in 1985 – introduced
“perestroika” and “glasnost “
• Dec 1989 – Gorbachev and
G. W. Bush declared the Cold
War was over at Malta Summit
• 1989 – East European states
broke away – Czechoslovakia,
East Germany, Hungary, Poland…
• Dissolution of the USSR – 1991
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reagan_Bush_Gorbac
hev_in_New_York_1988.jpg
PD, 22.9.2013
Answer the questions
1. Name the main Cold War conflicts .
2. What did the conflicts have in common?
3. What were the differences between the West
and the East?
4. What was the Watergate affair about?
5. How did the Cold War finish?
Thank you for your attention
Seznam pramenů a literatury
• http://www.history.com/topics/watergate
• http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/what%20was%20the%20co
ld%20war.htm
• http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/korean_war.htm
• http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/cuban_missile_crisis.htm
• http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/vietnam_war0.htm
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War#Final_years_.281985.E2.
80.9391.29
Seznam pramenů a literatury
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