Transcript Prezentace aplikace PowerPoint

Heating and Cooling
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Coordinator:
Karel Kabele, [email protected], CTU in Prague
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Contributors:
Eric Willems, Erwin Roijen, Peter Op 't Veld, [email protected]
Camilla Brunsgaard, [email protected] & Mary-Ann Knudstrup, [email protected], Aalborg
University, Per Kvols Heiselberg, [email protected], Tine S. Larsen, Olena K. Larsen, Rasmus Lund
Jensen (AAU)
Arturas Kaklauskas, [email protected], Audrius Banaitis, [email protected] ,
Vilnius Geniminas Technical University (VGTU)
Marco Perino, [email protected], Gianvi Fracastoro, Stefano Corgnati, Valentina Serra
(POLITO)
Werner Stutterecker, [email protected], (FH-B)
Mattheos Santamouris, [email protected], Margarita Asimakopoulos, Marina Laskari,
[email protected], (NKUA)
Zoltan Magyar, [email protected], Mihaly Baumann, Aniko Vigh, [email protected] (PTE)
Manuela Almeida, [email protected], Sandra Silva, [email protected] , Ricardo Mateus,
[email protected], University of Minho (UMINHO)
Piotr Bartkiewicz, [email protected], Piotr Narowski, [email protected]
(WUT)
Matthias Haase, [email protected], (NTNU)
Karel Kabele, [email protected], Pavla Dvořáková, [email protected], (CTU – FCE)
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LECTURE 12
HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS CONTROL
Fundamentals of control;
output control;
safety control,
predictive control;
intelligent buildings.
FUNDAMENTALS OF CONTROL
What is it - Control system ?
• Device, which changes one or more
parameters of the heating/cooling system
– temperature
– flow rate
– pressure
Why to control heating/cooling system
• Output control according to actual heat loss
• Operation safety
• Restriction by operational parameters of heat
source or any element of heating system
• Hydronic balancing
Control circuit
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Controlled variable x
Manipulated variable y
Disturbance variable z
Command variable w
Controller
W
Y
Actua
tor
Feedback
Controlled
system
Z
X
Manipulation
• Controlled variable is changed by
actuator
• No feed-back, no controller
?
Actua
tor
Controlled
system
Z
X
Hand actuated control
• Controller = man
Feed back
Y
W
Actu
ator
Controlled
system
Z
X
Automatic actuated controll
• w and/or x activates actuator to achieve
required value of x
Feed back
Regulátor
W
Y
Actu
ator
Controlled
system
Z
X
Control circuit
Technical background
• Measurement of controlled and
command variable
– electronic thermometer, flow meter,
pressure meter
• Controller
– Compare measured values with required
valuesa and activates actuator
• Actuator
– Control valve, shutoff valve, three-way
valve
Output sampling controllers
• Manipulated variable
– on/off, 0-0,5-1
• Example: room
thermostat
Continuous action controllers
Manipulated variable vs. Controlled
variable = transition
characteristic.
–
–
–
–
–
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P - proportional
I – integral
D – shunt
T – time delay
…
Fuzzy logic – more variables
Controllers - energy
• Self actuated controllers
– Energy from the controlled systém
• Electronic controllers
• Pressured air actuated controllers
Actuators
• Electromagnetic shutoff valves
• Control valves
• Mixing 3 or 4 way
valves
Thermostatic valves
With remote sensor
Common
With remote setup
Radiator valve
Application of 3way valve
output control;
safety control,
predictive control;
intelligent buildings
OPERATION OF HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS
Commissioning;
Inspection;
Fault detection,
Operation,
Energy audit
Last developements in the heating/cooling
field