Transcript Qu’est ce que le dialogue social?

Industrial relations
Jackie MORIN
European Commission
From 6 to 27 members and beyond
Increase in EU Population during past enlargements
Year of
accession
Acceding countries
Number of EU
Member States
after accession
Increase in EU population
(at time of accession)
Absolute
(in 1,000)
Relative
(% of EU)
1973
Denmark, Ireland and the UK
9
64,228
30.8
1981
Greece
10
9,701
3.5
1986
Spain and Portugal
12
48,515
16.7
1995
Austria, Finland and Sweden
15
21,859
6.2
2004
Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Estonia, Hungary, Latvia,
Lithuania, Malta, Poland,
Slovakia and Slovenia
25
74,142
19.3
2007
Bulgaria and Romania
27
29,244
6.3
Potential further enlargements
Averages for the diverse EU enlargements
EU6
1960-71
EU9
1972-84
EU12
1985-94
EU15
1995-03
EU25
2004-06
Union density (%)
29.5
39.1
31.6
27.8
24.4
Union centralisation (0-1)
0.483
0.445
0.409
0.471
0.369
Sectoral bargaining (0-2)
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.5
1.2
Bargaining coverage (%)
74.7
74.5
74
75.9
62.5
Wage coordination (1-5)
3.1
3.3
3.1
3.4
2.8
Works councils (0-2)
1.4
1.6
1.5
1.6
1.5
Consultation (0-2)
1.1
1.2
1.0
1.3
0.9
Social pacts (% MS with pacts)
0.0
17.1
27.5
31.9
16.7
The Europeanisation of industrial relations
Chart 1.5: Union density in the EU, the USA and Japan
45.0
40.0
35.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
U SA
J apan
EU15
EU27
06
05
20
04
20
03
20
02
20
01
20
00
20
99
20
98
19
97
19
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19
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19
90
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89
19
88
19
87
19
86
19
85
19
84
19
83
19
82
19
81
19
19
19
80
0.0
USA
Japan
EU15
EU27
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
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19
06
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04
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02
01
00
99
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89
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86
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83
82
81
80
Chart 1.6: Bargaining coverage rates EU, USA and Japan
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
Social Agenda
Social realities – Facts
EU per capita € 23.000
6.5 million new jobs in the last two years. An increase in
productivity growth for the first time in 10 years.
Unemployment the lowest in 25 years. Unemployment among 25
to 64-year-olds just 4.7%, compared with 11.2% for those with
only a lower secondary education.
Millions of vacancies in Europe are unfilled because there are
not enough people with the right skills to fill them.
New workforce and skills from EU12
Social realities - Challenges
78 million people at risk and 8% working poor
Unequal access to schooling, training, health care,
housing, quality jobs
40% of all contracts “a-typical” and this concerns
most jobs created since 2000 especially for young
people, women and/or migrants
Limited mobility
MS’ policies towards workers from NMS
Restrictions
Free access
EU 10
6
5
BE
DK
DE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
NL
AT
FI
SE
UK
4
3
2
1
0
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Resident foreign nationals from EU10 (% of total population)
A contrasted reality
Median age of the EU will increase between 2004 and 2050 from 39 to 49
Old-age dependency ratio, will rise from 25% presently up to 53% in 2050
Dürers mother
with 63 years
Sophia Loren
with 63 years
Perception & citizens concerns
• Focus on personal well being (health, family,
friends), less on collective interest (helping others,
religion, politics)
• Future concerns: unemployment, environment,
education, pensions
• People’s lives in 20 years’ time? Worse according
to 49% EU respondents (38% better)
The EU in the world
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
12000
200
10000
0
CN
IN
EU-27
US
RUS
JP
Population in millions, 2005
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
EU-27
US
JP
CN
RUS
GDP in millions of euro, 2005
Médailles d’Or 2008
100
80
60
40
20
0
CN
US
RUS
JP
UE27
European Social Policy
Legislation
European
Social
Dialogue
Mobility
Gender equality
Working conditions
Health and Safety
Social
Agenda
European
Social
Funds
Open Method
of Coordination
Employment
Social protection
European Commission
New Social Agenda
Directives
European Works Council
Principle of equal treatment between persons
irrespective of religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation
Maritime Labour Convention
Application of patients' rights in cross-border healthcare
Communications
Non-discrimination and equal opportunities
Solidarity in the face of change:
The European Globalisation Adjustment Fund (EGF) in 2007
Improving competences for the 21st Century
Working documents
The role of transnational company agreements
Restructuring and Employment
Report on the implementation of the European
social partners' Framework Agreement on Telework
First biennial report on the situation of social
services of general interest in the EU
European action
on IR
Role and importance of social dialogue at EU level
ART 138 of the Treaty
ART 139 of the Treaty
The Commission has a responsibility
to promote consultation of the social partners
at community level and to take every
useful measure to facilitate their dialogue,
taking care to ensure a balanced
support of both sides.
The Community level dialogue between
the social partners can lead,
if they wish it, to contractual relations,
including agreements.
The Commission consults social partners first
The implementation can be made either
by an EU instrument or through
national channels
Social partners can engage into a dialogue
New Article 152
The Union recognises and promotes the role of the social partners at its level,
taking into account the diversity of national systems.
It shall facilitate dialogue between the social partners, respecting their autonomy.
The Tripartite Social Summit for Growth and Employment
shall contribute to social dialogue.
Tripartite Social
Summit
Macroeconomic dialogue
Dialogue on education
Dialogue on employment
Autonomous
BIPARTITE
TRIPARTITE
What forms does the European Social Dialogue
take?
High level
groups
“Val Duchesse”
Social Dialogue
Sectoral social
dialogue
committees
Cross industry
Sectoral
Transnational
agreements
Company
European Commission
The different roles of the social partners
Member States
EU
a. lobbying
Pressure of main employers
organisation VNO-NCW to
change existing EPL in NL
ETUC campaign to change draft
Service Directive
b. social pacts
for example in IE, SI or FI
a. autonomous
Danish collective agreements,
including “social plans” and EPL
elements; Dutch collective
agreements over flexicurity and
agency work
Framework Agreements on
Telework; Work-Related Stress;
Violence and Sexual
harassment
b. sponsored
(and as a weaker form:
joint guidelines /
benchmarking)
2003 Agreement on Vocational
Training and Individual Training
Rights in FR
Framework Agreements on
Parental Leave, Part-time and
Fixed-Term
c. dependent
Belgian biennial agreements
since 1997; national agreements
to implement the EU Framework
Agreement on Telework
(Union Guidelines for
coordinated bargaining
agenda’s in context of EMU)
3. Implementation
a. co-management
Swedish Labour Market Board
b. advise
Consultation over setting of
minimum wages in most Member
States
I. Veto power
2. Collective bargaining
Social Partner advisory role in
EU social security coordination
for migrants
EBC
Macro-economic dialogue
Since 1999 – Forum for synchronizing wage policy with
monetary policy
Tripartite social Summit
Since 2003 – Lisbon Strategy
Unions
Bipartite dialogue
Empl
Since 1985 – Val Duchesse
SSDC – Quantitative evolution
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Football
Hospitals
Steel
Shipbuilding
Catering
Local
government
Audiovisual
Chemical
08
20
07
20
06
20
05
20
04
20
03
20
02
20
01
20
20
00
industry
99
19
Gas
36 Sectoral SD Committees
Sea transport
Road transport
Civil aviation
Inland navigation
Railways
Personal services
Cleaning industry
Private security
Telecommunications
Postal services
Temporary agency
work
Live performance
Audiovisual
Horeca
Catering
Agriculture
Extractive Industry
Sea fishing
Sea Ports
Textile/clothing
Tanning/leather
Footwear
Steel
Shipbuilding
Automobile
Non ferrous metal
Metal sector
Construction
Woodworking
Furniture
Sugar
Electricity
Gas
Banking
Insurance
Chemical
Commerce
Sport
Football
Professional cycling
Hospitals
Local government
Central administration
Education
Main issues at sectoral level
Inland waterways
Negotiation on
Working time
Multi sectoral
1/3 parties violence
Public procurements
Mobility passports
Hairdressers
Discussion on
Skills certificate
Tanning
Agreement on social
reporting
Chemical Industry
Emission trading
Regim
FIA’s
Steel
Joint position on
Climate change
Hospitals
Needle stick injuries
Agriculture
Agripass / Mobility
4 Agreements establishing minimum
standards implemented by
Council decision
• European agreement on the
organisation of working time of
seafarers, 1998
• European agreement on the
organisation of working time of
mobile workers in civil aviation,
2000
• Agreement on certain aspects of
the working conditions of mobile
workers assigned to
interoperable cross-border
services, 2005
• Agreement on the maritime
labour convention, 2008
European Commission
2 Autonomous Agreements
establishing minimum standards implemented
by the procedures and practices specific to
management and labour and the Member
States
• Agreement on the
European licence for
drivers carrying out a
cross-border
interoperability service,
2004
• Social Dialogue
Agreement on
Crystalline Silica, 2006
Implementation reports
by the social partners
Main issues at cross-industry level
Seminars on
restructuring
Implementation
of previous
agreements
Stress at work
Capacity
Building programme
Harassment
and violence
Framework of
Action on
employment
Negotiation 2008
Revision of Parental Leave
Agreement / Directive
Negotiation 2008
Inclusive labour market
(autonomous agreement)
3 Agreements establishing minimum
standards implemented by
Council decision
• Framework agreement on
parental leave, 1995
• Framework agreement on
part-time work, 1997
• Framework agreement on
fixed-term work, 1999
• Parental leave revision
European Commission
3 Autonomous Agreements
establishing minimum standards implemented
by the procedures and practices specific to
management and labour and the Member
States
• Framework agreement on
telework, 2002
• Agreement on Stress at
work, 2004
• Harassement and
violence at work, 2007
• Inclusive Labour Markets
Implementation reports
by the social partners
Telework
• First autonomous agreement
(July 2002)
• Reference to Article 139
• General framework of rules for
telework (equal rights, voluntary
character, data protection,
privacy, equipment, health and
safety, training etc.)
• Implementation by members of
signatory parties (3 year period)
The process on telework
Promotion
phase
Implementation
phase
July 2008 – Commission working paper on telework
28 June 2006 - Adoption of the report on the implementation of the agreement
2003 - 2005 - Implementation & regular reporting
16 July 2002 - Signature of the framework agreement on Telework
Negotiation
phase
12 Nov. 2001 - Opening of the negotiations
20 Sept 2001 - Social partners announced their intention to start negotiations
Consultation
phase
16 March 2001 – Launch of the 2d phase of consultation
20 June 2000 – Launch of the first phase of consultation by the Commission
Choice of instruments
Collective agreements
(incl. sectoral – DK)
Other agreements
(recommendations to
lower levels)
Guidelines,
recommendations
Legislation
Other
No implementation
Variations across the member States
Models or clusters of Industrial relations
« North »
Organised
corporatism
« Centre »
Social
partnership
« South »
State
centred
« West »
Liberal
« Transit »
Mixed
Union density (%)
74.7
35.4
20.2
33.9
22.8
Centralisation
0.476
0.538
0.378
0.370
0.318
Bargaining coverage (%)
86.8
82.8
75.4
35.3
34.5
Employer density
58.0
72.7
65.8
47.5
28.4
Sectoral organisation (0-2)
2.0
1.8
1.2
0.5
0.7
Employee representation
2.0
2.0
1.6
0.8
0.9
Concertation
1.3
1.4
1.0
0.5
0.8
EU Support tools
EU exchanges – link between european and national
Levels – Expertise, information, training
Budget lines 04.03.03.01 and 04.03.03.02
National capacity reinforcement
ESF – Article 5.3
http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/esf/index_en.htm
More Information … EUROPA website for social dialogue
http://ec.europa.eu/socialdialogue
European Commission