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Web accessibility for an ageing population
OZeWAI Conference
30 November 2011
Andrew Arch
Assistant Director, Web Policy – Accessibility
Australian Government Information Management Office (AGIMO)
Ageing in Australia
Intergenerational Review 2010 (Treasury)
Acknowledges:
• Population is ageing
• Increased spending required on health, agepensions, aged-care
• Age-care policies need to enable people to stay in
the community as long as possible
http://www.treasury.gov.au/igr/
Extended working career
Age Commissioner:
• “A recent Deloittes report on the looming national
skills shortage asked the question that should be on
the lips of most businesses: Where is your next
employee coming from?” Commissioner Ryan said.
“Their answer was clear – your next employee is
retired or about to retire.”
http://www.hreoc.gov.au/about/media/news/2011/125_11.html
Ageing in Europe
EC funded projects around ICT for ageing well
• Smart homes
• Smart appliances
• E-health
• Monitoring
• Independent living
DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES
Draws on http://www.w3.org/WAI/presentations/ageing/
Global demographic changes
United Nations global demographic forecast
Year
65+
years
80+
years
2010
7.6%
1.5%
2020
9.3%
1.9%
2030
11.7%
2.3%
2040
2050
14.2%
16.2%
3.3%
4.3%
20
Percent
De
vel
op
ed
wit
h
ma
teri
al
fro
m
W3
C
We
b ()
/
10
0
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
Year
80+ years
65+ years
Source: UN World Population Prospects
European situation
Demographic forecast for the EU
65+
years
80+
years
2010
17%
5%
2020
20%
6%
2030
24%
7%
2040
2050
27%
29%
8%
12%
30
Percent
Year
20
10
0
2010
2020
2040
2030
2050
Year
80+ years
65+ years
Source: EuroStat
Japanese situation
Demographic forecast for Japan
Year
65+
years
2010
23%
2020
29%
2030
32%
2040
37%
2050
40%
Source: Japanese Statistics Bureau
Australia’s situation
Demographic forecast for Australia
Year
65+
years
80+
years
2010
14%
1.8%
2020
16%
2.1%
2030
19%
2.4%
2040
21%
3.5%
2050
22%
4.4%
Source: ABS Population Projections
CHANGING ABILITIES
Ageing and hearing loss
Impact:
Prevalence:
•Audio can be difficult to
discern
•Higher pitch sounds can
be missed
•47% of people
61 to 80 years
•93% of people
81+ years
Ageing and vision decline
Impact:
Prevalence:
•Decreasing ability to
focus on near tasks
•Changing colour
perception and sensitivity
•Decreasing contrast
sensitivity
(significant vision loss)
•16% of people
65 - 74 years
•19% of people
75 – 84 years
•46% of people
85+ years
Ageing and physical decline
Impact:
Prevalence:
(Motor skill decline can result
(Conditions commonly reported)
from many conditions including
• Arthritis
arthritis and Parkinson's
• At least 50% of people
Disease)
over 65 affected
• Difficulty using
mouse or keyboard
• Difficult to click
small areas
• Strain from nonergonomic tasks
• Essential tremor
•
Affects up to 20% of
people over 65
• Parkinson's Disease
•
Approximately 4% of
people over 85 affected
Ageing and cognitive decline
Impact:
Prevalence:
Navigation, comprehension,
and task completion can be
affected by:
• Short term memory
problems
• Difficulty with
concentration
• Distraction from
movement or irrelevant
material
• Difficulty coping with
information overload
(Conditions commonly reported)
• Dementia:
• 1.4% of people 65-69
yrs
• 24% of people 85+ yrs
• Mild cognitive impairment
(MCI) is more common:
• Around 20% of people
over 70 years are
estimated to experience
MCI
OLDER PEOPLE ONLINE
Unprecedented opportunities for:
•
•
•
•
Social interaction and communication
Access to information
Access to eCommerce
Access to government services and civic
participation
• Training and learning opportunities
• Employment, research, and access to
workplace applications
“Older Australians and the Internet”
Participants awareness of and interest in the internet
http://apo.org.au/research/older-australians-and-internet
“Older Australians and the Internet”
Barriers identified:
• Don’t know how to use it
• Confused by the technology
• Concern about security and viruses
• Don’t know what it does
• Rely on friends & family
Numbers online (2006)
ACCESSIBILTY FOR OLDER PEOPLE
Observations from the literature
• Many studies seemed unaware of the W3C/WAI work
• Information overload was commonly identified
• Less technical, more usability, requirements
predominated
• Accessibility options were not appreciated by users
• Adaptive strategies were seldom considered
• Assistive technology was not discussed
• Hearing as an impairment was ignored
Draws on http://www.w3.org/WAI/presentations/ageing
Roger Hudson’s survey (2010)
Common problems
•
•
•
•
“Silly little picture about nothing”
“Fancy stuff that keeps moving”
“Finding what I’m after”
“Too many navigation choices”
Text size or colour
• Text size sometimes a problem for 48%
• Colour mentioned by 23%
http://kwz.me/Y3 /
ROLE OF WAI GUIDELINES
Components of web accessibility
Accessible web content
Requirements include:
• Readable and understandable text
• Identifiable and understandable links
• Clear and identifiable headings
• Good orientation and navigation
WCAG 2.0 addresses these
Usability improvements
Usability improvements especially help older people
and people with disabilities:
• Page layout and design - provide consistency and
avoid overload
• Text presentation - use left justification, increase line
spacing & margins, avoid italics and underlining
• Forms - avoid complexity and provide clear guidance
• Menus and links - provide predictability and
consistency
WCAG 2.0 also addresses these
WAI-AGE OUTCOMES
WAI-AGE goals
• Raising awareness of Web accessibility for older
people
• Better explaining the applicability of the WAI
guidelines for older people
• Avoiding potential fragmentation through
reinvention of requirements
• Encouraging participation of older people in
W3C/WAI standardization
WAI-AGE resources
Revision of existing WAI resources, including:
• Developing a Web Accessibility Business Case for
Your Organization
• Before and After Demonstration (BAD) website
• Involving Users in Web Projects for Better, Easier
Accessibility
• Developing Web Accessibility Presentations and
Training
WAI-AGE resources
New WAI resources:
• Better Web Browsing - Tips to customize your
computer
• Contacting Organizations about Inaccessible
Websites
• Developing Websites for Older People
• How to Make Presentations Accessible to All
Websites for Older People:
How WCAG 2.0 Applies
Perceivable
Understandable
• Text size
• Text style and text layout
• Color and contrast
• Multimedia
• Text-to-speech (speech synthesis)
• CAPTCHA
• Page organization
• Understandable language
• Consistent navigation and labeling
• Pop-ups and new-windows
• Page refresh and updates
• Instructions and input assistance
• Error prevention and recovery for forms
Operable
• Links
• Navigation and location
• Mouse use
• Keyboard use and tabbing
• Distractions
• Sufficient time
Robust
• Older equipment/software
http://www.w3.org/WAI/
older-users/developing
AUSTRALIAN ACTIVITIES
National Seniors Australia report
Older people will be online for :
•
•
•
•
e-Health
Social networking
Adult learning
Shopping & banking
http://www.productiveageing.com.au/site/grants_arc.php
Initiatives
Australia
• Web Accessibility National Transition Strategy
• National Broadband Network
• Digital Communities
UK
• Silver Surfers Day/week
• Race Online 2012
NTS timeframes
• Implementation WCAG 2.0 by Australian
Governments in accordance with agreed
work plan
• Level A by December 2012
• Level AA by December 2014
• Bottom line - websites that are not
accessible are not fit for purpose
Discussion
Contact details
• [email protected]
• [email protected]
• 02 6215 1618