Transcript Slide 1

Phonetics: The Sounds of
Language
The Phonetic Alphabet
What is Phonetics?
Phonetics: “The science, study, analysis
and classification of speech sounds,
including their production, transmission,
and reception.”
• Pei Mario (1966) 205.
The main branches
Acoustic phonetics- deals with the
physical properties of the sounds.
Auditory phonetics- studies listeners
perception of these sounds.
Articulatory phonetics- how the vocal
tract produces the sounds.
History
• Although phonetics has a long history the
•
first serious attempt to codify a universal
phonetic alphabet encompassing a symbol for
every known speech sound began with the
International Phonetic Association (IPA) in
1888. It was continued by Daniel Jones and
Paul Passy two influential British linguists.
IPA Homepage. tm
History
• Daniel Jones demonstrates a
kymograph i.e. a device for recording
air pressure and speech movements
and a palatogram to help adult
foreigners learn to speak English like a
native and acquire good pronunciation.
• http://waij.com/oldbooks/phonetics
Table 6.6 Phonetic Symbols
• Table 6.6 on page 264-265 of you text
gives the Phonetic Symbol/English
Spelling Correspondences for American
English consonants and vowels.
The anatomy of a phonetic
transcription
Word
Though
Transcription
[
]
Step # 1
Break word into constituent
elements
Though
[th-ou-gh]
Step # 2
Assign correct phonetic symbols to
each unit
Though
[th-ou-gh]
th= ?
ou=?
gh=?
Step # 2
Assign correct phonetic symbols to
each unit
Though
[th-ou-gh]
th= δ
ou=o
gh=silent
Correct Phonetic Transcription
Spelling
Though
Pronunciation
[δo ]
Practice # 2
Spelling
Thought
Pronunciation
[
]
Practice # 2
Assign correct phonetic symbols to
each unit
Thought
[th-ou-ght]
th= θ
ou=‫כֿ‬
gh=silent
t=t
Transcription # 2
Spelling
Thought
Pronunciation
[θ‫כֿ‬t]
Practice # 3
Spelling
rough
Pronunciation
[
]
Transcription # 3
Spelling
rough
Pronunciation
[rΛf]
Practice # 4
Spelling
bough
Pronunciation
[
]
Transcription # 4
Spelling
bough
Pronunciation
[baw]
Practice # 5
Spelling
Through
Pronunciation
[
]
Transcription # 5
Spelling
Through
Pronunciation
[θru]
Practice # 6
Spelling
would
Pronunciation
[
]
Transcription # 6
Spelling
would
Pronunciation
[wUd]
French Transcription
Spelling
tu
Pronunciation
[ ]
French Transcription
Spelling
tu
Pronunciation
[ty]
The pièce de résistance
question 8 page 270-271
Write a phonetic transcription of
the italicized words in the poem
entitled “English” published long
ago in a British newspaper.
The English Poem
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I take it you already know
Of tough and bough and cough and dough?
Some may stumble, but not you,
On hiccough, thorough, slough and through?
So now you are ready, perhaps,
To learn of less familiar traps?
Beware of heard, a dreadful word
That looks like beard and sounds like bird .
And dead , it’s said like bed, not bead;
For goodness’ sake, don’t call it deed !
Watch out for meat and great and threat .
(They rhyme with suite and straight and debt .)
A moth is not a moth in mother ,
Nor both in bother, broth in brother .
The English poem line 1
• I take it you already know
The English poem line 1
• I take it you already know
• Know= [no]
Line 2
• Of tough and bough and
cough and dough?
Line # 2 transcribed
• Of tough [tΛf] and bough
[baw] and cough [kэf] and
dough [do]?
Line 3
• Some may stumble, but not
you
Line 3 transcribed
• Some may stumble, but not
you [ju]
Line 4
• On hiccough, thorough,
slough and through?
Line 4 transcribed
• On hiccough [hΙkΛp],
thorough [θəro], slough
[slu] and through [θru]?
Line 5 and 6
• So now you are ready,
perhaps,
• To learn of less familiar traps?
Line 7
• Beware of heard, a dreadful
word
Line 7 transcribed
• Beware of heard [hΛrd], a
dreadful word [wΛrd]
Line 8
• That looks like beard and
sounds like bird.
Line 8 transcribed
• That looks like beard [bird]
and sounds like bird [bΛrd].
Line 9
• And dead, it’s said like bed,
not bead;
Line 9 transcribed
• And dead [dεd], it’s said
[sεd] like bed [bεd], not bead
[bid];
Line 10
• For goodness’ sake, don’t call
it deed!
Line 10 transcribed
• For goodness’ sake, don’t call
it deed [did]!
Line 11
• Watch out for meat and
great and threat.
Line 11 transcribed
• Watch out for meat [mit] and
great [gret] and threat
[θrεt].
Line 12
• (They rhyme with suite and
straight and debt.)
Line 12 transcribed
• (They rhyme with suite [swit]
and straight [stret] and debt
[dεt].)
Line 13
• A moth is not a moth in
mother
Line 13 transcribed
• A moth [mэθ] is not a moth in
mother [mΛδər]
Line 14
• Nor both in bother, broth
in brother.
Line 14 transcribed
• Nor both [boθ] in bother
[baδΛr], broth [brэθ] in
brother [brəδər].
Finished Poem
• I take it you already know [no]
• Of tough [tΛf] and bough [baw] and cough [kэf] and dough
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[do]?
Some may stumble, but not you [ju],
On hiccough [hΙkΛp], thorough [θəro], slough [slu] and
through [θru]?
So now you are ready, perhaps,
To learn of less familiar traps?
Beware of heard [hΛrd], a dreadful word [wΛrd]
That looks like beard [bird] and sounds like bird [bΛrd].
And dead [dεd], it’s said [sεd] like bed [bεd], not bead [bid];
For goodness’ sake, don’t call it deed [did]!
Watch out for meat [mit] and great [gret] and threat [θrεt].
(They rhyme with suite [swit] and straight [stret] and debt [dεt].)
A moth [mэθ] is not a moth in mother [mΛδər]
Nor both [boθ] in bother [baδΛr], broth [brэθ] in brother
[brəδər].
References
• Fromkin , V. & Rodman, R. An Introduction
to Language, 7th edition. Orlando, FL:
Harcourt Brace. pp. 231-271.
• www2.arts.gla.ac.uk/IPA/IPA.html
• http://waij.com/oldbooks/phonetics