Transcript Basin of Tuul-Terelj - Asian G-WADI

Tuul-Terelj basin of Mongolia
N.Buyankhishig Mongolian University of Science and Technology
G.Udvaltsetseg
Institute of Geoecology, Mongolian Academy of Science
Basic information of Mongolia
Population:
Area:
Land boundaries:
Average altitude:
Climate:
2.8 million
1,566,000 sq km (610,740 sq mi)
8,158 km, with Russia 3,485 km and with
China 4,673 km
1,580 m above sea-level
Extremely continetal climate
Average summer temperature +20'C, average
winter temperature -26'C, average rainfall 200220 mm.
Water resources and utilization
Water resources in Mongolia
30%
groundwater
surface water
70%
Water utilization
20%
surface
groundwat
80%
Allocation of water usage
green zone of city
1%
others
irrigated agriculture
2%
6%
drinking
30%
livestock
27%
industry
34%
Main problems are pollution and scarcity of water resources, harmful effect of the
human activities on the environment, industrial pollution,digging mines in some river
basins.
The country’s geographic location is sitting at the major continental basins:
Northern Arctic Ocean Basin
(AOB)
(51% of the precipitation and
20.5% of the territory)
AOB POB
ADB
Pacific Ocean Basin (POB)
(37% of the precipitation and
67% of the territory)
Central Asian Inland Basin (ADB)
(12% of the precipitation and
12.5% of the territory)
Surface Water
•
•
•
•
•
3811 rivers with 67000 km length
3436 lakes and oasis
9600 springs
187 glaciers
250 mineral waters
– thermal 40 (N2)
– cold 70 (CO2)
Mongolia has limited freshwater resources. In total, 599 km3 of
water is available:
- of which 500 km3 of water is contained in lakes
(including 90 km3 in saline lakes),
- 62.9 km3 in glaciers and
- 34.6 km3 of water is contained in rivers and their
underground basins.
The National Survey for Surface Water was conducted in 2003 by
the MNE the following:
- River and streams are 5565: 683 are dried up, 4882 with discharge
- Springs are 9600: 1484 are dried up, 8116 with discharge
- lakes and oasis are 4196: 760 are dried up, 3436 with discharge.
Groundwater
• Southern part





Mezozoic sedimentary rocks
Precipitation 50-100 mm/ year
Yield of spring Q=0.03-21 l/ s
Well specific yields 0.1-6.0 l/ s
TDS 500-600mg/l
• Northern part
• From Archezoic to Cenozoic
magmatic metamorphic and
sedimentary rocks
• Precipitation 400-550mm/ year
• Q=0.2-50 l/s sometimes Q=100
l/ s
• q=0.2-30 l/ s
• TDS 200 mg/l
Regional hydrogeological study and a
location of groundwater monitoring net
1956-1960
1959-1960
1968-1984
1993-1995
HydroCommonConst
HydroEnergyProject
PNIIIS
JICA
First groundwater model was done by Jadambaa.N in 1977.
Organization of formal Soviet Union PNIIIS carried out hydrogeological
investigation on new water resources for Ulaanbaatar city in 1983.
Japan International Cooperation Agencey (JICA) investigated water supply system
of Ulaanbaatar and its surroundings in 1995.
Narangerel, ZH (1974), Jadambaa, N (1977), Banzar, E (1979), Lhan-Aasuren, G
(1982), Anand, A (1983), Batsukh, N (1994) are described the in detail the
hydrogeology, engineering geology, hydrogeologic characteristics, hydraulic
properties, yield, water level and budgets, and water quality of the Ulaanbaatar
area.
In 1993-1995 Geoecological Institute did some observation work in the area.
Physical framework
Geologic/hydrogeologic
map and cross sections
Borehole
logs
Groundwater
level
Topographic
map
Contour maps
Pumping
rate
Hydrogeologic
framework
Field work
Surface water-groundwater
interaction, natural
groundwater discharge
Isopach map
Climate data
Information of
surface water
Hydrogeological
parameters
The territory of Mongolia divided into eight large river basins based on
economic and environmental significances, namely:
1. Kherlen River basin
2. Great-Lakes basin
3. Selenge River basin
Large river basins in Mongolia
77
2
3
887
4
1
4
4.
Onon, Ulz, and
Khalkh rivers basin
5.
Northern Gobi Rivers
basin
Southern Gobi of
Altai basin
5
6
Large river basins in Mongolia
6.
7.
Khubsugul Lake basin
8.
Tuul River basin
The total catchment area is 49840 km2.
Average height is 1300m a.s.l.
The Tuul River originates close to Hagiin Har Nuur in Khentii Mountains and
flows westerly through Ulaanbaatar. Its flow direction is generally from
north-east to south-west although it changes its direction several times. The
Tuul River and afterwards drains to the Selenge River, which in turn feeds
onto Lake Baigal
The geology around the area consists mainly of Carboniferous sediments, which are
intruded by Jurassic to Triassic granitoids rocks and locally covered by Cretaceous
sediments and Tertiary and Quaternary deposits
Climate is characterized by a semi-arid climate, with a hot, dry summer and cold
winter. Annual precipitation in the area varies from 242.7 mm to 396.7 mm,
depending on the altitude of the observation stations.
Legend: Break line- humidity (%), Solid line-temperature (Co),
Column- precipitation (mm)
Ulaanbaatar station
evaporation
140
precipitation
120
100
mm
80
60
40
Terelj station
20
140
precipitaion
120
evaporation
0
-20
100
Months
80
mm
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
60
40
20
0
-20
Jan
Feb Mar
Apr
May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Months
Daily mean discharge data has collected at the Ulaanbaatar station from 1946 to
1991, with values ranging from 0 m3/s (winter time) to 627 m3/s (during flooding).
Average annual discharge at Ulaanbaatar station is 26.57m3/s and average
specific discharge is calculated at 4.22m3/s. The maximum daily mean discharge
recorded is 338.0m3/s, but the minimum discharge recorded during the rainy
season was only 6.84m3/s
The width of the river in the city area is 45-50 m, but dry seasons falls to 518 m. River depth during droughts is about 0.9-1.2 m, average velocity is
0.31-2.24 m/sec and maximum velocity reaches 4 m/sec.
The potential of the groundwater resources is estimated at 220 00 cubic
meters per day. The city’s current water consumption is estimated at 150 00
cubic meters per day, and it is expected to approach the limit in the near
future. The water consumption forecast estimates an increase to 308 000
cubic meters per day by 2020.
103m3/ d
88
86
84
82
80
78
76
74
72
70
68
66
85.72
83.21
81.61
81.62
78.67
73.17
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
years
Groundwater extractions from
Central source
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