Transcript Administrative Support Group (ASG) Update

Leveraging Public-Private
Partnerships to Advance Bioenergy in
Poland
Tom Frankiewicz
Program Manager
U.S. EPA Landfill Methane Outreach Program
29 October 2009 Klub NFOSiGW
Overview
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Background on Methane
Overview of Methane to Markets
Biogas Applications and Technologies
Methane to Markets Work in Poland
Approach to Project Development
Questions to Consider
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Methane Overview
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Methane (CH4)
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Basic information
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100-year GWP = 25 Lifetime = 12 years
Primary component of
natural gas.
Many natural and
anthropogenic sources
– energy, agriculture &
waste sectors
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50 - 70% anthropogenic
Concentration of methane
in the atmosphere has
increased by 150% in the
last 260 years
After about a decade of
slow growth – as of 2007
global average methane
concentrations have started
to increase
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Methane Emissions Profile
Global Anthropogenic GHG Emissions by
Gas (2004)
Rice
Cultivation
10%
F-gases
Nitrous Oxide (CFCs, HFCs,
PFCs, SF6)
8%
Methane
1%
14%
Carbon
Dioxide (other)
3%
Carbon
Dioxide
(deforestation,
decay of
biomass, etc)
17%
Source: IPCC Assessment Report 4 (2007)
Global Anthropogenic Methane Emissions
by Source (2005)
Other
Agriculture
7%
Carbon
Dioxide (fossil
fuel use)
57%
Oil and Gas
18%
Landfills
12%
Coal Mining
6%
Enteric
Fermentation
30%
Biomass
Combustion
3%
Fuel
(stationary
and mobile)
1%
Wastew ater
Manure
9%
Management
4%
Source: U.S. EPA Report (2006)
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M2M description
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What is Methane to
Markets?
•International public-private partnership to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions by increasing the capture and use of methane.
•Estimated to reach 180 MMTCO2 reductions annually by 2015.
OBJECTIVES
 Advance the recovery and
use of methane while:
– Enhancing economic
growth
– Promoting energy security
– Improving local air quality
and public health.
BENEFITS
 Stabilization/Decline in Methane
Concentrations will result in:
– Sustainability
– Energy security
– Health and safety
– Profitability
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Cost-Effective Projects Recover and
Use Methane
 Landfills
Coal Mines
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Sources of Renewable Energy
 Livestock Waste
Oil and Gas Systems
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M2M Partners
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M2M Project Network
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Brings necessary actors together to implement reduction projects
Over 850 organizations
Project Network members can:
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Expand business and increase profits
Distinguish themselves in the marketplace
Identify financial and technical support for potential projects
Build capacity
Fulfill strategic goals
Mitigate climate change
800
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600
500
400
300
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0
2005
2006
2007
2008
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Key Accomplishments
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Brought high-level focus specifically on methane
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Raising awareness within governments of the multiple benefits
of methane recovery
Demonstrate importance of achieving near-term climate
benefits at low cost
Directly involving the private sector and financing
organizations – over 800 in M2M
Good complement to Kyoto – provides
technical assistance and capacity
building necessary to ensure long-term
project success
Achieving real reductions – over 91
projects featured at the 2007 M2M Expo
in Beijing – potential reductions of 11.5
MMTCO2e
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Biogas Applications
and Technologies
Landfill Gas
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Landfill Biogas
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Local, available fuel source
Easy to capture and use
Source of renewable energy
Constant supply - 24 hours a day, 7 days a
week
 Reliable technologies exist for using landfill
gas - >90% up time
 Uses a source of energy that otherwise
would have been wasted
 Helps the environment by reducing
uncontrolled emissions of landfill gas
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LFG Diagram
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LFG Energy Projects and
Candidate Sites
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Biogas Applications
and Technologies
Manure biogas
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Manure Biogas
 Local, available fuel source
 Reliable, proven capture and use
technologies
 Source of renewable energy
 Constant supply - 24 hours a day, 7 days a
week
 Uses a source of energy that otherwise
would have been wasted
 Anaerobic digestion technologies provide
air and water quality benefits
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Digesters Around the World
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More Digesters Around the World
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Benefits of Manure Anaerobic Digesters
• Air Quality benefits
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Control odors from storage and field application
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions (methane)
Controls other emissions (H2S, ammonia, VOCs)
• Water Quality benefits
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Stabilize manure organics (reduce BOD/COD)
Significantly reduce pathogens
Reduce rainwater intrusion
Allow for appropriate fertilizer application timing
Alternate disposal option for organic waste streams
• Financial Benefits
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Waste management system with potential for return on
investment
• Quality fertilizer
• Energy revenues
• Carbon credits (offsets)
• Fiber (primarily dairy manure)
• Tipping fees for co-digestion
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Biogas Applications
and Technologies
Possible use
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Possible Uses
 Electricity Production
 Combined Heat and Power
 Direct Use
 Alternate Fuels
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Electricity Generation
 Most prevalent type of project in the
US
– In US, 1100 MW of capacity from over 250
operational LFG projects
– And 35 MW of capacity from over 125
operational digester projects
 Electricity sold to utility, cooperative
or nearby customer
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Internal Combustion
Engine
 Sizing
– 1-3 MWs
 Proven and
reliable
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Turbines: Gas, Steam, and
Combined Cycle
 Sizing: 1-10MWs
 Advantages
– Corrosion
resistant
– Low O&M costs
– Small physical
size
– Lower NOx
emissions
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Microturbines
 Sizing: 30-200 kW
 Advantages
– Low emissions
– Multiple fuel
capability
– Light weight/small
size
– Fuel pretreatment
not required
– Lower maintenance
costs
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Combined Heat and Power
 Advantages
– Greater overall energy recovery
efficiency from waste heat recovery up to 80%
– Specialized CHP systems available
– Flexible - hot water or steam
generation from recovered heat
 There is additional cost
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Direct Gas Utilization
 Boilers
 Direct thermal applications – kilns,
furnaces
 Innovative applications
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Greenhouses
Infrared heaters
Pottery kilns
Leachate evaporation
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Direct Gas Utilization
 Gas piped to a nearby customer for use
in boiler, kiln or other process
 100 projects in the US
 Pipeline length range from .6 to 15
kilometers
– less than 5 kilometers is most feasible
 Gas used at off-site end user
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Direct Use
Applications
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Greenhouses
 Use both electricity
and heat.
 Carbon dioxide can
be used to grow
greenhouse plants.
 6 operational
greenhouse projects
in the U.S.
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Infrared Heaters
 Used to heat
storage and
maintenance
facilities
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Leachate Evaporation
 Utilize LFG to
treat leachate
 Commercially
available
technology
 Units operating in
the U.S. and
internationally; 20
operational in the
U.S.
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Value-Added Benefits
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Alternate Fuels
– High-Btu Upgrade
– Vehicle Fuels
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High-Btu Upgrade
 Technology
– Gas is purified from 50% to 97- 99%
methane
– Removal of carbon dioxide is primary step
 Advantages
– Inject treated product into pipeline
– Methane can be used as raw material
– Reduction in use of fossil fuels
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LFG for Vehicle Fuel
 Biodiesel production
facility
 Compressed natural
gas (CNG) to fuel
landfill equipment and
fleet vehicles
 CNG to fuel buses
 Diesel from LFG
 Methanol to biodiesel
 Ethanol production
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Scenic View Dairy, MI, USA
 Began operation in 2007
 Dairy farm digester (3,500 head)
 Manure biogas-to-high Btu pipeline quality
– Pressure swing absorption technology
 Small scale – 150 cfm of biogas
Photos courtesy of Phase 3 Renewables
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Significant Benefits of Methane
Recovery and Use Projects
BENEFITS OF METHANE PROJECTS
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Reduced waste of a valuable fuel and important local energy
source and
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Improved air quality, water quality and reduced odors
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Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
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Progress toward sustainable development goals
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Economic growth and energy security
BUT BARRIERS EXIST…
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Lack of awareness of emission levels and value of lost fuel
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Lack of information on and training in available technologies and
management practices
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Traditional industry practices
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Regulatory and legal issues
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Limited methane markets and infrastructure
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Uncertain investment climate
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Strategic Approach to Project
Development
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Strategic Focus
– Target technical assistance and
services to countries with greatest
project potential
– Initiate capacity building and
outreach efforts w/ all M2M
countries
– Leverage relationship with PN to
advance projects (World Bank,
ADB, ISWA)
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Key Activities
– Technical Assistance and Project Identification
• Data collection, assessment reports, pre-feasibility studies
– Tool Development and Technology Transfer
• Gas generation model, CMM and Landfill database
– Training and Capacity Building
• Clearing houses, training workshops, study tours, peer matching
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M2M Work In Poland
 Inventory development – to delineate sites and potential
project opportunities
 Grant Support –Instytut Nafty i Gazu (INIG) to develop
inventory, study and assess landfill gas energy in U.S.,
develop handbook and trainings of best practices for LFGE
 Technical Assistance – currently assessing landfills to identify
project opportunities for 2010 Project Expo
 Capacity Building – have held two Landfill Gas Energy and
Operations and Management Training Workshops in Poland
(November 08 and July 09)
 Meeting with federal officials, local and regional banks, and
regional project developers to build interest and capacity to
develop LFGE projects in Poland
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Where do we start?
 Poland has significant methane capture and
utilization resources
 Robust infrastructure and renewable energy
incentives
 Methane to Markets is only one of multiple
organizations – voluntary and regulatory currently
working with Poland
 How do we leverage these and other resources - to
Poland’s benefit, to encourage methane capture
and utilization?
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Premier international forum for promoting methane recovery
and use project opportunities and technologies.
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Provides participants with opportunities to:
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Showcase and learn about methane mitigation projects and technologies.
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Meet with potential project partners and financiers.
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Explore key technical, financial, and policy issues.
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Interact with high-level government agencies from 30 countries.
For More Information . . .
www.methanetomarkets.org
 Tom Frankiewicz (U.S.EPA)
– [email protected]
– +1.202.343.2302
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