Transcript Document
THINGS THAT MAKE
YOU GO HMMM…..
“IS IT GOOD IF A VACUUM REALLY SUCKS?”
CASE # 7
Feline Leukemia
PATIENT PRESENTATION
PATIENT PRESENTATION
SIGNALMENT: ~2-3yr old intact male DSH
PRESENTING COMPLAINT: cat seems to have lost weight
in the last few months and seems lethargic
Hx: unknown, client feeds this stray cat who is very
friendly.
PATIENT PRESENTATION
PHYSICAL EXAM
BCS:
2/5
Temp:103.1,
HR: 160, RR: 30
Enlarged
mandibular lymph nodes and popliteal
lymph nodes (see pic below)
Firm,
mid-abdominal mass palpated
Enlarged popliteal lymph node
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
CBC/SERUM CHEMISTRIES
ABDOMINAL RADIOGRAPHS
FeLV/FIV Test
All
cats that go outdoors or come from unknown backgrounds
should be tested for FeLV and FIV when first examined by a
veterinarian
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
CBC
Nonregenerative
Leukopenia
anemia
– this virus can affect the bone marrow resulting in
feline panleukopenia-like syndrome
FeLV ELISA
positive
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
TUMOR OF THE THYMUS – WOULD OCCUR IN
A YOUNG ANIMAL INFECTED WITH FeLV
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
TRANSMISSION &
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Feline Leukemia is a retrovirus and is associated with both neoplastic and nonneoplastic disease
Lymphoma is the most common neoplastic disease – tumors can occur in the thymus,
GI tract, or lymph nodes throughout the body
Other clinical signs
Secondary infections
Wt. loss
Anorexia
Neurologic signs
Spontaneous abortion
TRANSMISSION &
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
TRANSMISSION:
The most likely route of infection is through continued intimate
contact such as grooming, sharing food and water bowls (virus
shed in saliva, urine, tears) – this is horizontal transmission
The
virus can also be transmitted to neonates in utero and
through the milk of infected queens – this is vertical transmission
TRANSMISSION & PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
POSSIBLE OUTCOMES OF FeLV INFECTION
1. REGRESSIVE INFECTION - Cat may mount an immune response, clear the virus,
and become resistant to future infection
2. PROGRESSIVE INFECTION - some cats fail to mount an effective immune
response, become persistently viremic, but with no clinical signs
3. Active infection – with clinical signs
Outcome depends on:
Age, immunocompetence, concurrent disease, viral strain, dose, duration of
exposure
TREATMENT
NO CURE for FeLV
IMMUNOMODULATING DRUGS (none have proven efficacy in cats with FeLV)
Human interferon-α – interferes with viral replication; given orally
Acemannan – known to have antiviral, immunostimulant, and antineoplastic properties; given
intraperitoneally (IP)
Proprionibacterium acnes – killed form of this bacteria can be given to stimulate the immune
system to fight disease
ANTIVIRAL DRUGS -*can be toxic to bone marrow in cats
AZT – antiretroviral
ANTIBIOTICS
POSSIBLE CHEMOTHERAPY
CLIENT INFO & PROGNOSIS
FeLV positive cats should be retested 3-4 months after initial test
FeLV cats should be isolated from all other cats
FeLV cats should be kept indoors
FeLV cats should have reduced stress and regular vaccination
and veterinary check-ups
Life expectancy is approximately 2 years after diagnosis
CASE #8
Feline
Immundeficiency
Virus
PATIENT PRESENTATION
PATIENT PRESENTATION
SIGNALMENT: ~4-5yr old, intact, male, DMH
PRESENTING COMPLAINT: inappetant, hypersalivation,
lethargy. Cat has had recurrent bouts of skin infections and
respiratory disease for several years.
Hx: indoor/outdoor cat, has not had vaccinations in over 3
years. Cat has had a few fights with other neighborhood cats
over the years.
PATIENT PRESENTATION
PHYSICAL EXAM:
Gingivitis, stomatitis
Wt. loss
Temp: 103.5, HR: 200, RR:36
Mm: pale , CRT: 2sec
Other clinical signs may include:
Gingivitis, stomatitis
Chronic fever
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Chronic URI
cachexia
Chronic, unresponsive skin/ear infections
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
CBC/SERUM
FeLV/FIV
All
CHEMISTRIES
ELISA
unvaccinated outdoor cats should be tested for
these diseases as they are contagious and without
cure
DIAGNOSTIC TEST RESULTS
CBC
Anemia,
lymphopenia
ELISA positive
THIS
IS AN ANTIBODY TEST, not antigen – there will be
interference by maternal antibodies and vaccination!
TRANSMISSION
TRANSMISSION
Most infections are acquired through horizontal transmission among
adult male, sexually intact cats
Fight and bite wounds appear to be the major route of transmission.
It is possible to transmit the virus vertically to neonatal kittens, but the
virus is not easily transmitted this way.
TREATMENT
SEE
FELINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS
DENTAL
Whole
SURGERY
mouth extraction of teeth may be
necessary in cats with chronic stomatitis and
gingivitis
CLIENT INFO & PROGNOSIS
Although FIV is morphologically and biochemically similar
to HIV, it poses no threat to humans
Infected cats may survive for prolonged periods before
experiencing advanced stages of the disease
Some
may be asymptomatic for 10+ yrs
Keep FIV+ cats indoors
Keep FIV+ cats free of stress and concurrent disease