Transcript What is Plagiarism? PowerPoint Presentation

Avoiding Plagiarism:
A journey through
Modified APA style of
referencing…
E. Hansen Teacher-Librarian
Do you know???
• What is Plagiarism?
• What is an in-text Citation?
• What is a reference list?
• What does paraphrasing
mean?
Getting Started…
• What is Plagiarism?
Plagiarism means using
another’s work
without giving them
credit and saying that
it is your own
From: Mirka, 2004, The Plagiarism Trap. Powerpoint Presentation
Examples of Plagiarism…
• Copying and pasting text from online
encyclopedias
• Copying and pasting text from any web
site
• Using photographs, video or audio
without permission or acknowledgement
• Using another student’s or your parents’
work and claiming it as your own even
with permission
• Using your own work without properly
citing it!
From: Mirka, 2004, The Plagiarism Trap. Powerpoint Presentation
More Examples of Plagiarism…
• Quoting a source without using
quotation marks-even if you do cite it
• Citing sources you didn’t use
• Getting a research paper, story, poem,
or article off the Internet
• Turning in the same paper for more than
one class without the permission of both
teachers (this is called self-plagiarism)
• Can you think of more?
From: Mirka, 2004, The Plagiarism Trap. Powerpoint Presentation
How to Avoid Plagiarism…
• Use your own words and ideas
• Always give credit to the source
where you have received your
information
• If you use someone’s exact words put them in quotes and give credit
using in-text citations. Include the
source in your references
From: Mirka, 2004, The Plagiarism Trap. Powerpoint Presentation
How to Avoid Plagiarism…
• If you have paraphrased someone’s
work, (summarizing a passage or
rearranging the order of a sentence
and changing some of the words)always give credit
• Take very good notes--write down
the source as you are taking notes.
Do not wait until later to try and
retrieve the original source
• Avoid using someone else’s work
with minor “cosmetic” changes
From: Mirka, 2004, The Plagiarism Trap. Powerpoint Presentation
Getting Started…
• What is a reference list?
– A reference list at the end of a paper
provides the full information
necessary to identify and retrieve
each source. It cites works that
specifically support a particular article.
– References should be alphabetically
listed by author’s last name at the
end of the paper or presentation.
• A bibliography?
– A bibliography cites works for
background or for further reading.
Getting Started…
• What is a Citation?
– References and citations in text
are the formal methods of
acknowledging the use of a
creator’s work.
• An In-Text Citation?
– Direct citations and quotations
are acknowledged in the body
of a research assignment.
(Right in the sentence or
paragraph)
How does plagiarism affect you??
WHAT happens if you plagiarize?
• In junior/senior high school?
• In post-secondary?
• In society?
Now for the lighter side…
http://gladstone.vsb.bc.ca/library/cheating/
For Better or For Worse – Lynn Johnston
http://www.fborfw.com/strip_fix/archives/000809.php
http://www.fborfw.com/strip_fix/archives/000810.php
http://www.fborfw.com/strip_fix/archives/000811.php
http://www.fborfw.com/strip_fix/archives/000812.php
CBE References and Citations Document (2000)
Special Consideration:
The INTERNET
• Special recognition needs to be given to the
Internet as a source of information. Due to the
transient nature of information on the Internet, a
copy (either paper or disk) should be retained.
WHY???
• Internet sites must be examined very carefully
for reliability, as all sources are not authoritative
or trustworthy.
 Lack of author or publisher often indicates that
the information should be treated with caution.
 The work of other students (e.g. home pages) may
be consulted but should never be a sole source of
information.
CITATIONS IN TEXT
Definition
Citations in text identify the source of quotations or a personal
communication used in research.
The citation provides the author’s last name, publication date and page
number.
1
2
3
Purpose
1. Whether paraphrasing or quoting an author
directly, the source must be credited.
2. Citations enable the reader to locate the source
of the quotation in References.
**It is like the difference between signing a legal
document with your initials: EH (citation) and giving
your whole signature: Erin Hansen (entry in
Reference List).
Format
1. Citations are included in the same sentence or paragraph as
the quotation.
2. The sentence and the citation together must provide the
author’s last name, the publication date and the page(s)
from which the quotation was taken (see quotation example #1
later).
3. For poetry, include line numbers and use a slash
‘/’ to indicate the end of a line.
4. Quotations of more than 40 words are indented
five spaces from the left margin and are
doublespaced in a free-standing block (example
later)
They are also known as a Block Quotation
Punctuation
1. Quotation marks “ ” enclose quotations of
less than 40 words and are included in the
text.
:
2. A colon follows the statement immediately
preceding a long quotation (block quotation).
3. Brackets ( ) enclose information about the
source of the quotation (this is the citation).
Quotation Examples
1. Quotation of less than 40 words:
He confirms our suspicions: “Because NGen children are born with technology,
they assimilate it. Adults must
accommodate – a different and much
more difficult learning process”_
(Tapscott, 1998, p. 40).
(no punctuation at end of quotation)
(punctuation is here)
Quotation Examples
2. Quotations of more than forty words (Block
Quotation):
The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association
(1994) explains how to avoid plagiarism:
Quotation marks should be used to indicate the exact words of
another. Summarizing a passage or rearranging the order of a
sentence and changing some of the words is paraphrasing. Each
time a source is paraphrased, a credit for the source needs to be
included in the text. (p. 292) _
(no punctuation at end)
quotation)
(punctuation at end of
Or, if you are double-spacing your paper,
SINGLE SPACE the block quotation
The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association
(1994) explains how to avoid plagiarism:
Quotation marks should be used to indicate the exact words of
another. Summarizing a passage or rearranging the order of a
sentence and changing some of the words is paraphrasing. Each
time a source is paraphrased, a credit for the source needs to be
included in the text. (p. 292)
Citation Example 1
He states, “anything takes on a new
meaning when we think of it as a
monument” (Boorstin, 1987, p.
215) and adds that monuments can
be both man-made and natural.
**Note punctuation
What makes this sentence elegant or
unique?
•The sentence has both a direct quotation and a
paraphrase!
Citation Example 2
Johnston and Cutchins (1988) state that
“life is hard for animal babies of all kinds,
but for young reptiles, surviving their first
year is especially difficult” (p. 36).
• To put two authors in the brackets, you must
use the ampersand “&” symbol.
(Johnston & Cutchins, 1988, p. 36)
• For more than 3 authors, you may use the Latin
phrase “et al” which means “and the rest”
(Abrams, et al, 1999, p. 345)
Personal Communications
Personal communications include e-mail letters, telephone
conversations, interviews, etc.
They are mentioned in the body of a paper only, as they are
not locatable.
They are cited (see below for format), but NEVER included in
your reference list, because a reader cannot refer to or
locate them later.
e.g.
Author Martine Bates (personal communication,
January 25, 2000) is excited about Marwen’s latest
adventures and hopes her readers are too.
Citing Electronic Sources
(Internet, CD-Rom, etc)
For electronic sources that do not provide page numbers:
Use the paragraph number, if available, preceded by the
paragraph symbol or the abbreviation para.
If neither paragraph nor page numbers are visible, cite the heading
and the number of the paragraph following it to direct the reader
to the location of the material (see section 3.39).
(Myers, 2000, ¶ 5)
(Beutler, 2000, Conclusion section, para. 1)
(APA Style, 2005, para. 3)
Citing Internet Sources or Sources with No
Author
Many times, you will encounter and need to cite a resource that does not have an author. We
are used to doing citations using the author’s last name. However, this is not always
possible.
Here are three examples of a REFERENCE LISTING of resources that do not have authors:
No Author
Sports nutrition: Nutrition science & the Olympics. (1998). Retrieved January 24, 1999 from the
Internet: http://btc.montana.edu/olympics/nutrition/default.htm
Corporate author
Centre for Systems Science at Simon Fraser University.[Image] (1996). Great Canadian
scientists. Retrieved May 14, 1999 from the Internet: http://fas.sfu.ca/css/gcs/main.html
OTHER
Romeo and Juliet [CD-ROM]. (1997). New York: Columbia.
**Use the first few words of the title or corporate author if no author’s name is given
Examples:
Many people feel that eating healthy foods can help your performance playing sports: “It is a
proven fact that eating a nutritious meal prior to a game will increase performance” (Sports
Nutrition, 1998).
“O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo?” (Romeo and Juliet, 1997) .
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS REGARDING
REFERENCES AND CITATIONS IN TEXT
Why use the American Psychological Association (APA) format
regarding references?
It is the most widely recognized and authoritative source for references
and citations in research work.
This format is used in local universities.
APA Website
University of Calgary
Citation Machine
References:
*give the full information on how to
access your sources.
* go at the back of your document on
a SEPARATE piece of paper.
* The word “References” is bolded
and centered at the top of the page.
References - Examples
References - Examples
References - Examples
References - Examples
References - Examples
References - Examples
No Author
The Reference List
See the final page in your booklet
References
APA Style.Org (2005). Electronic references:
Citations in text of electronic material. Retrieved
February 7, 2005 from the Internet:
http://www.apastyle.org/electext.html
Calgary Board of Education. (2000). References
and citations in text: Formats for student
research. Retrieved February 7, 2005, from the
Internet: http://www.cbe.ab.ca/sss/ssspdf/refcitations-05-00.pdf
Bibliography