Transcript Paola Deda Presentation (UNECE)

World Environment Day Roundtable
Forests: Nature at Your Service
Geneva, 6 June 2011
Paola Deda
UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
Outline
• Modern Wood Energy
• Current Status & Trends
• Outlook
Paola Deda, UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
Outline
• Modern Wood Energy
• Current Status & Trends
• Outlook
Paola Deda, UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
Modern Wood Energy
Carbon Neutral
Paola Deda, UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
Modern Wood Energy
Clean & Efficient
Efficiency of biomass boilers
CO Emissions of biomass boilers
Source: FJ-BLT Wieselburg; Bioenergy 2020+
Paola Deda, UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
Modern Wood Energy
Green Jobs & Rural Development
Wood chips,
Pellets, Logs
Biomass district
heating
Wood energy
contracting
Heating oil
Natural gas
Source: Austrian Biomass Association
Paola Deda, UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
Modern Wood Energy
technology
automatic pellet
heating
modern firewood
boilers
automatic wood
chip boilers
district heating
combined biomass
heat & power
stations
fuel
pellets
firewood
wood chips
wood chips
whole trees
typical installed
capacity
5-15 kW
20-40 kW
50-150 kW
100 kW-3 MW
>1 MWel
> 10 MWth
users, customers
single-family
homes
farm buildings
public and
commercial
buildings
domestic, public
and commercial
buildings
domestic, public
and commercial
buildings
fuel supply
bulk delivery by a
large number of
fuel distributors
usually harvested
from own forest
often by local
farmers – forest
owners
partly by the
cooperative
members, partly
form sawmills
farmers & sawmills
& other channels
Paola Deda, UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
Outline
• Modern Wood Energy
• Current Status & Trends
• Outlook
Paola Deda, UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
Role of Wood Energy
% Wood Energy Share of Total Primary Energy Supply
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Sweden
Estonia
Finland
Austria
Denmark
Serbia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Slovenia
Italy
Norway
France
Germany
Switzerland
Slovakia
United States
Russian Federation
Ireland
Cyprus
United Kingdom
Source: UNECE/FAO, IEA
Paola Deda, UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
Wood Energy per Capita Rural Population
Source: UNECE/FAO, Forest Europe
Paola Deda, UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
Wood Fuel Sources
S1: Direct
Logging residues, thinnings, clearings
short rotation coppice, etc.
S2: Indirect
Residues, enhanced/ densified processed wood
based fuels (pellets, charcoal, biofuels), etc.
S3: Recovered
Post consumer recovered wood products (often
contaminated), construction demolition, waste, etc.
S4: Unspecified
Unspecified material where it is unclear what kind
of material is used
Paola Deda, UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
Wood Energy Sources
3%
S1 (Direct)
S2 (Indirect)
40%
S3 (Recovered)
S4 (Unspecified)
57%
Source: UNECE/FAO, IEA
Paola Deda, UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
Wood Energy Uses
U1: Power and Heat
Transformation of woody biomass for commercial power
and heat production - "Main activity producer" (IEA)
U2: Industry internal use:
Heat and energy generated for internal use by the forest based
industries (sawmills, pulp, panel) for processing and drying
U3: Residential
Wood energy generated by private households
U4: Other
Wood energy generated by public and private services;
agriculture, forestry and fishery
Paola Deda, UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
Wood Energy Uses
3%
21%
U1 (Power and Heat)
38%
U2 (Industrial)
U3 (Residential)
U4 (Other)
38%
Source: UNECE/FAO, IEA
Paola Deda, UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
Key Findings
• Woody biomass is the most important single source of renewable energy
in Europe, accounting for almost as much as hydro, wind, solar,
geothermal and other biomass put together.
• Direct wood fibre supply is the most important in the Balkan region, Russia
and France.
• Co-products and residues account for the bulk of wood energy supply
patterns in Finland, Sweden, Slovakia, Austria.
• Processed wood-based fuels important in UK, Netherlands, Italy.
• Post-consumer recovered wood relevant in Germany, Ireland and
Switzerland.
Paola Deda, UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
Outline
• Modern Wood Energy
• Current Status & Trends
• Outlook
Paola Deda, UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
EU National Renewable Energy Action Plans
• EU Member States were requested to submit National Renewable Energy
Action Plan (NREAP) defining measures and strategies in order to reach
their renewable energy 2020 binding target.
• National targets are set for the share of renewable sources in three
sectors:
– Electricity
– Heating and cooling
– Transport
• In the EU27 Solid biomass will represent:
– 11% of total final energy consumption (electricity, H&C) by 2020
– or 42% of renewable energy consumption (electricity, H&C) by 2020
Paola Deda, UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
C
st
ria
Non-renewables
Other renewables
N
Paola Deda, UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
Solid Biomass
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Energy Consumption (ktoe)
EU27 Share of solid biomass in 2005 and 2020
250'000
200'000
150'000
100'000
50'000
0
EU27 Wood energy consumption: past trends and targets
1,000 PJ
(1018 Joules)
M m³ swe
800
7
700
6
600
5
500
4
400
3
300
200
2
100
1
0
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
0
2030
Source: MANTAU, Wood resource balance, EUwood – team 2010 (VERKERK/LINDNER/ANTTILA/ASIKAINEN: EFISCEN forest resources and constraints; LEEK, N.: Post -consumer
wood; OLDENBURGER J.: Landscape care wood; SAAL, U.: Industrial residues; MANTAU/SAAL: Wood industry; PRINS, K.: Policy options; JONSSON, R. EFSOS calculations)
Paola Deda, UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
EU27 Wood Demand Balance
For energy use
54
%
For material use
51
%
43
%
57
%
49
%
46
%
2030
2020
2010
Source: MANTAU, Wood resource balance, EUwood – team 2010 (VERKERK/LINDNER/ANTTILA/ASIKAINEN: EFISCEN forest resources and constraints; LEEK, N.: Post -consumer
wood; OLDENBURGER J.: Landscape care wood; SAAL, U.: Industrial residues; MANTAU/SAAL: Wood industry; PRINS, K.: Policy options; JONSSON, R. EFSOS calculations)
Paola Deda, UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
Wood biomass demand and supply, 2010-2030, EU27
in M m³ - comparing plot
1500
1300
1100
900
700
2010
2015
2020
2025
total woody biomass demand
total woody biomass (POT) HI
total woody biomass (POT) ME
total woody biomass (POT) LO
2030
Source: MANTAU, Wood resource balance, EUwood – team 2010 (VERKERK/LINDNER/ANTTILA/ASIKAINEN: EFISCEN forest resources and constraints; LEEK, N.: Post -consumer
wood; OLDENBURGER J.: Landscape care wood; SAAL, U.: Industrial residues; MANTAU/SAAL: Wood industry; PRINS, K.: Policy options; JONSSON, R. EFSOS calculations)
Paola Deda, UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
EUWood Conclusion
EUWood has shown that with a high mobilisation scenario, it
is difficult, but not impossible, to supply, on a sustainable
basis, enough wood to satisfy the needs of the industry and to
meet the targets for renewable energy. On a medium
mobilisation scenario, there would be enough wood to meet
demand for 2020, but not for 2030. However, even to achieve
the medium mobilisation will require long term commitment
and investment, a comprehensive approach, numerous
specific policy measures, and favourable framework
conditions, many in areas not directly controlled by the forest
sector policy makers.
Paola Deda, UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
A comprehensive approach is needed
SUPPLY
• Mobilise more wood from existing forests
– Raise harvest levels
– Use more parts of the tree (above ground and below ground biomass)
• Increase supply of wood from outside the forest
– Industry residues
– Landscape care wood, trees outside the forest
– Post consumer recovered wood
• Expand forest area (short rotation coppice)
• Increase imports from other regions
DEMAND
• Promote energy efficiency
• Promote use of all renewables
• Use wood more efficiently, in industry and for energy
Paola Deda, UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
Challenges for Policymakers
• Sustainably mobilise enough wood to reach
renewable energy targets
• Balance carbon sequestration with substitution of
non-renewables with wood-based materials and
energy
• Maintain wood supply for other forest sectors (pulp,
paper, panels, furniture)
• Respect biodiversity while increasing mobilisation
• Define sustainability criteria for local and imported
wood energy
Paola Deda, UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
European Forest Sector Outlook Study (EFSOS)
• EFSOS analyses the complex, international and long-term
consequences of four policy choices and their trade-offs
• Policy Scenarios:
–
–
–
–
Promoting Wood Energy
Maximising Carbon
Priority to Biodiversity
Fostering Innovation and Competitiveness
• Launch of EFSOS at the joint TC/EFC session in Antalya, Turkey (1014 October 2011) together with the Action Plan on the Role of
Forests in the Green Economy
Paola Deda, UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
Thank You!
Paola Deda
Chief
email: [email protected]
tel: +41(0)22 917 2553
UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
Palais des Nations
CH-1211 Genève
www.unece.org/timber
Paola Deda, UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section