Transcript LEP startup 1996

Overall commissioning strategy for protons (estd. 2005)
Stage A
Hardware
commissioning
Machine
checkout
Beam
commissioning
No beam
A.
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25ns ops I
Install
Phase II
and MKB
25ns ops
II
Beam
First collisions
43 bunches, no crossing angle, no squeeze, moderate intensities
Displace bunches to optimise collisions in the 4 experiments
Push performance
Performance limit few 1031 cm-2 s-1 (event pileup)
Establish multi-bunch operation, moderate intensities
Relaxed machine parameters (squeeze and crossing angle)
Push squeeze and crossing angle
Performance limit 1033 cm-2 s-1 (event pileup)
Minim ise
 Com plexity
 Beam power
 Losses(  * )
 Pileup
25ns operation I
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D.
75ns
ops
75ns operation
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C.
43 bunch
operation
D
C
Pilot physics run
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B.
B
Nominal crossing angle
Push squeeze
Increase intensity to 50% nominal
Performance limit 2 1033 cm-2 s-1
25ns operation II
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Push towards nominal performance
Optim ise
N
 kb
 *
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Summary of constraints for 2008 run
Equipment
Parameter affected
Limitation
Strategy since a while for Stage A @ 7TeV
Beam dump dilution kickers
Total Intensity
50% nominal
Collimators phase I
Total Intensity
50% nominal
Aperture
* in 1 and 5
2m (0.55m nominal)
New for 2008
Detraining of main dipoles
Energy
5TeV
Aperture
* in 1 and 5
3m
TCTVBs at 2 and 8
* in 2 and 8
6m
Longitudinal blowup in LHC
Longitudinal emittance
1eV.s (2.5eV.s nominal)
Lower bunch length (and smaller luminous region)
Lower momentum spread
Lower threshold for longitudinal instability
Faster growth rates for IBS
All OK for 1eV.s
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Strategy for 2008 and 2009
A
2008
Hardware commissioning
Machine
checkout
To 5TeV
No beam
2009
Train to
7TeV
No beam
Beam
Setup
5TeV
43/156
bunch
operation
Train to
7TeV
Beam
B
Machine
checkout
Beam
commissioning
C
75ns ops
25ns ops I
Shutdown
Beam
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Parameter tables
Compiled by M.Giovannozzi with input by LHCCWG, in particular
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W. Herr, J. Jowett, E. Métral, E. Shaposhnikova
for
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43 bunch operation at 5TeV
156 bunch operation at 5TeV
43 bunch operation at 7TeV
156 bunch operation at 7TeV
75ns bunch operation at 7TeV
50ns bunch operation at 7TeV
25ns bunch operation at 7TeV
Available on the LHCCWG web site at
http://lhccwg.web.cern.ch/lhccwg/Bibliography/TargetMachineParameters.pdf
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43 bunch parameters 2008 - settings
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43 bunch parameters 2008 - derived
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Getting ready for Stage A
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Commissioning plan developed
within LHCCWG during 2006 + 2007
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Broken down into 12 phases
Details developed by the people who
will implement it
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Coordinators, commissioners, EiCs,
accelerators system experts
Presentations, discussion, follow up
Procedures documented on the web
Circulation in EDMS for project wide
information/approval
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Each phase reviewed by LTC during
2007
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Orthogonal views (system-centric)
presented at eLTC in March 2008
Phase A.1
First turn
Phase A.2
Circulating pilot
Phase A.3
450 GeV first commissioning
Phase A.4
450 GeV optics
Phase A.5
450 GeV, increasing intensity
Phase A.6
450 GeV, two beam operation
Phase A.7
450 GeV, collisions
Phase A.8
Snap-back and ramp
Phase A.9
Top energy, checks
Phase A.10
Top energy, collisions
Phase A.11
Squeeze
Phase A.12
Experimental magnets
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Commissioners responsible for phase/system
Accelerator System or activity
Commissioner
Machine checkout
G.Arduini
Transfer lines
LHC injection and protection
J.Uythoven
Threading
First turn
Closed orbit
J.Wenninger
RF Capture
Energy matching
G.Arduini
450GeV machine
Q, Q’, coupling, Beating and dispersion, Aperture etc
M.Giovannozzi
Two beam operation
R.Assmann
Ramp
M.Lamont
Top energy machine
Q, Q’, coupling, Beating and dispersion, Aperture etc
F.Zimmermann
Collisions
Experimental conditions
H.Burkhardt
Squeeze
Q, Q’, coupling, Beating and dispersion, Aperture etc
S.Fartoukh
RF power systems
O.Brunner
RF low level systems
P.Baudrenghien
LBDS and protection
B.Goddard
BI systems
R.Jones
Collimation
R.Assmann
Machine protection
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2008
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Commissioning procedures (LHCCWG)
Phase A.1
First turn
Phase A.2
Circulating pilot
Phase A.3
450 GeV first commissioning
Phase A.4
450 GeV optics
Phase A.5
450 GeV, increasing intensity
Phase A.6
450 GeV, two beam operation
Phase A.7
450 GeV, collisions
Phase A.8
Snap-back and ramp
Phase A.9
Top energy, checks
Phase A.10
Top energy, collisions
Phase A.11
Squeeze
Phase A.12
Experimental magnets
Web based with EDMS approval
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008
http://lhccwg.web.cern.ch/lhccwg/Procedures/stageA/stageA_index.htm
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Commissioning procedures - overall
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All documents follow the same structure
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Commissioning procedures - steps
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Procedures for phase A.3, 450 GeV, initial commissioning
Phase
A.3
Step
Activity
Who (OP +)
A3.1
Final RF commissioning with Pilot Intensity
RF
A3.2
BCTFR and BPM checks with Pilot Intensity
BI
A3.3
First Commissioning of Beam Dumping System (pilot)
BT BI ATB
A3.4
Commission systems with higher intensity (3 x 1010)
BT BI RF
A3.5
Establish cycling machine (3 x 1010)
OP
A3.6
Lifetime optimisation (3 x 1010)
OP
A3.7
Further commissioning of beam instrumentation (3 x 1010)
BI
A3.8
Basic optics checks in addition to LOCO Results (3 x 1010)
AP BI RF
A3.9
Further commissioning of beam dumping system (3 x 1010)
BT BI
A3.10
Commission feedback systems (3 x 1010)
RF BI
A3.11
Rough Setting up of the TDI (3 x 1010)
BT
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Commissioning procedures - details
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A3.3, First commissioning of beam dump
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Commissioning procedures - details
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A3.4, Commission systems with higher intensity
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System-centric – beam dump
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System-centric – beam dump
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MP Commissioning procedures (JU)
MPS aspects of …
Collimation system commissioning
Injection protection system commissioning
Beam interlock system commissioning
Powering interlock system commissioning
Vacuum system commissioning
Beam dump system commissioning
FMCM system commissioning
BLM system commissioning
Warm magnet interlock system commissioning
EDMS approval
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http://lhccwg.web.cern.ch/lhccwg/MPS/Procedures/procedures_for_the_commissioning.htm
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008
Getting BI systems ready (JJG)
BI HW
Domain
BI SW
Domain
Other Commissioners
(ABP/CO/OP) Domain
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Present activities (by phase/system commissioners)
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Before beam
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Commissioners
Ensure that the commissioning plan is ready
(procedures)
Ensure that everything is in place
(dry runs)
G.Arduini
J.Uythoven
J.Wenninger
M.Giovannozzi
R.Assmann
M.Lamont
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With beam
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F.Zimmermann
Orchestrate activities from the CCC
Make the necessary beam measurements and
implement corrections
Pass on information to EICs for incorporation into
routine operations
Make the necessary follow up
Close interaction with
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Machine coordinators
System experts
EiCs
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008
H.Burkhardt
S.Fartoukh
O.Brunner
P.Baudrenghien
B.Goddard
R.Jones
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System experts
EiCs
…
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Stage A: routes through the commissioning phases
Snapback
Ramp
Injection
First turn
Injection
First turn
Circulating
beam
Circulating
beam
450GeV
initial
Snapback
Ramp
Top energy
checks
Top energy
checks
Squeeze
Squeeze
450GeV
initial
450GeV
optics
450GeV
optics
450GeV
Increase I
450GeV
Increase I
Ramp
both beams
Top energy
Collisions
450GeV
2 beams
450GeV
Collisions
Experiment
magnets
OFF
Squeeze
both beams
Pilot
physics
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008
Dipoles
OFF
Beam 2
Beam 1
2 beams
19
Sector test in case of trouble somewhere
Beam 2
Beam 1
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N 2kb f
L TOT
Eventrate
/
Cross
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L
F
kb f
4 n  *
Stage A: 5TeV collisions
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Approx 30 days of beam to
establish first collisions
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Approx 2 months elapsed
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Given optimistic machine
availability
Un-squeezed
Low intensity
Continue commissioning
thereafter
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Increased intensity
Squeeze
Parameters
kb
N
Rates in 1 and 5
* 1,5
Luminosity
Events/
(m)
(cm-2s-1)
crossing
1 (3)
1010
11
1.1 1027
<< 1
4
1010
11
4.5 1027
<< 1
43
1010
11
5.0 1028
<< 1
43
4 1010
11
8.0 1029
<< 1
43
4 1010
3
2.9 1030
0.36
156
4 1010
3
1.0 1031
0.36
156
9 1010
3
5.4 1031
1.8
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First collisions - 4 on 4 normal bunches
3
5
3
4
Collisions
here
2
4
2
ATLAS sees 11 22 33 44
ALICE sees 21 32 43 14
CMS sees 33 44 11 22
LHCb sees nothing
( IP8 sees 12 23 34 41 )
8
2
1
1
1
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First collisions - 3 on 3 normal, 1 on 1 displaced
3
5
3
Collisions
here
4
ATLAS sees 11 22 33 44
ALICE sees 43 14
CMS sees 33 44 11 22
LHCb sees 12
4
2
2
8
2
1
1
Minimum to give
collisions in all of
the 4 experiments is
3 bunches per beam
(2 normal, 1 displaced)
1
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First collisions - 2 on 2 normal, 2 on 2 displaced
3
5
3
4
4
ATLAS sees 11 22 33 44
ALICE sees nothing
CMS sees 33 44 11 22
LHCb 12 34
Collisions
here
2
2
8
2
1
1
1
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N 2kb f
L TOT
Eventrate
/
Cross
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L
F
kb f
4 n  *
Parameter evolution and rates
All values for nominal emittance, 10m * in points 2 and 8
All values for 936 or 2808 bunches colliding in 2 and 8 (not quite right)
Parameters
7 TeV
5 TeV
kb
N
Beam levels
Rates in 1 and 5
Rates in 2 and 8
* 1,5
Ibeam
Ebeam
Luminosity
Events/
Luminosity
Events/
(m)
proton
(MJ)
(cm-2s-1)
crossing
(cm-2s-1)
crossing
43
4 1010
11
1.7 1012
1.4
8.0 1029
<< 1
43
4 1010
3
1.7 1012
1.4
2.9 1030
0.36
156
4 1010
3
6.2 1012
5
1.0 1031
0.36
156
9 1010
3
1.4 1013
11
5.4 1031
1.8
936
4 1010
11
3.7 1013
42
2.4 1031
<< 1
2.6 1031
0.15
936
4 1010
2
3.7 1013
42
1.3 1032
0.73
2.6 1031
0.15
936
6 1010
2
5.6 1013
63
2.9 1032
1.6
6.0 1031
0.34
936
9 1010
1
8.4 1013
94
1.2 1033
7
1.3 1032
0.76
2808
4 1010
11
1.1 1014
126
7.2 1031
<< 1
7.9 1031
0.15
2808
4 1010
2
1.1 1014
126
3.8 1032
0.72
7.9 1031
0.15
2808
5 1010
1
1.4 1014
157
1.1 1033
2.1
1.2 1032
0.24
2808
5 1010
0.55
1.4 1014
157
1.9 1033
3.6
1.2 1032
0.24
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008
Depend on the
configuration of
collision pattern
25
Configuration of collision pattern
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25ns and 75ns operation
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Nothing to do
Collisions determined by bunch pattern
43 or 156 bunch operation
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75ns
25ns
IP 1
936
2808
IP 2
912
2736
IP 5
936
2808
IP 8
874
2622
Can optimise according to needs
Previously thought to displace bunches in one beam (asym)
Can do better (symmetrically displace bunches in both beams)
Allows to adjust luminosity sharing between 2 and 8 while keeping
maximum number of collisions in 1 and 5
Displaced
0
4
asym
4
sym
11
sym
19
sym
0
36
sym
68
sym
IP 1
43
39
43
43
43
156
156
156
IP 2
42
38
34
21
4
152
76
16
IP 5
43
39
43
43
43
156
156
156
IP 8
0
4
4
11
19
0
36
68
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008
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Stage A physics running for ALICE and LHCb
Displaced
0
4
asym
4
sym
11
sym
19
sym
0
36
sym
68
sym
IP 1
43
39
43
43
43
156
156
156
IP 2
42
38
34
21
4
152
76
16
IP 5
43
39
43
43
43
156
156
156
IP 8
0
4
4
11
19
0
36
68
All values for nominal emittance, 10m * in point 2
Parameters
kb
N
Beam levels
Rates in 2
Rates in 8
* 8
Ibeam
Ebeam
Luminosity
Events/
Luminosity
Events/
(m)
proton
(MJ)
(cm-2s-1)
crossing
(cm-2s-1)
crossing
43
4 1010
10
1.7 1012
1.4
8.1 1028
0.1
3.9 1029
0.1
43
4 1010
6
1.7 1012
1.4
8.1 1028
0.1
6.4 1029
0.2
156
4 1010
6
6.2 1012
5
3.2 1029
0.1
2.3 1030
0.2
156
9 1010
6
1.4 1013
11
1.6 1030
0.5
1.2 1031
0.9
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008
L TOT
Eventrate/ Cross 
27 kb f
Aims for 2008
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Commission machine to 5TeV
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Commission squeeze in 1 and 5 to 3m
Commission squeeze in 8 to 6m
Push intensities (156 bunches, high 1010)
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30 days of physics
Efficiency for physics 40%
Peak luminosity around 1031 cm-2 s-1
Integrated luminosity ~ 10 pb-1
Tertiary aims
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106 seconds
Realistically (1 and 5)
Secondary aims
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Multiple bunches circulating in each ring (43)
Moderate intensities (few 1010)
Single beam lifetimes ~ 30h
Injection optics (β*= 11 m in IR 1 & 5, β*= 10 m in IR 2 & 8)
No squeeze
No crossing angle
Collisions
Commission crossing angle
Commission 75ns beams
R.Bailey,
June
2008
30 cm
-2 s-1 → 1 pb-1)
(106 seconds
@LHCMAC
<L> of 10
28
Aims for 2009
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Commission high energy operation
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Aim for 7TeV (magnets will decide)
43 /156 bunch running to start (brief)
75ns running
25ns running
High 1032 cm-2 s-1 is in reach
5 106 seconds
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Mixture of
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Operation for physics
Machine studies
Scheduled stops
Access, injection, ramp, squeeze etc
Colliding beams
Ion run ?
Realistically (1 and 5)
150 days of physics
Efficiency for physics 40%
Peak luminosity around 1033 cm-2 s-1
Integrated luminosity ~ few fb-1
R.Bailey,@LHCMAC
June
2008
33 cm
-2 s-1 → 1 fb-1)
(106 seconds
<L> of 10
29
Summary
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Commissioning plan developed through 2006 and 2007
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Presented and circulated for approval in 2007
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Commissioning responsibilities agreed
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Clear strategy for 2008 and 2009
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Performance estimates provided
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Procedures not expected to be rigidly followed
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Procedures not expected to be watertight
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Web version remains the master
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We think we are ready - we need to get going with beam
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008
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