Transcript PEO/AC Portfolio Review 23 Aug 04
Estimating Unmanned Aircraft Systems Lessons Learned on Global Hawk
Charlie Kapaku 303 AESG/SYF 4 March 2010
Briefing Content
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Purpose Background Lessons Learned Special Considerations Summary/Conclusions/Q&A
Purpose
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Purpose
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Present lessons learned on estimating the costs of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS).
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Provide a basis for further discussion and study
UAS Funding
DoD Annual Funding for UAS Source: Unmanned Aircraft Systems Roadmap (2005)
Background
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Global Hawk
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System Overview
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History
Global Hawk System Overview
Aircraft and Payloads Global Hawk: High-altitude, long-endurance capability providing intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance information Mission Control Element (MCE) Launch and Recovery Element (LRE) Approved for public release ASC-07-0101
The Aircraft
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Global Hawk is a remotely piloted, high altitude, long endurance aircraft Supports DoD intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) missions with integrated sensors
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Electro-optical/Infrared Images Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for all weather Future signals intelligence (SIGINT) capabilities Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW-2009-3983 , 9/9/09
The Aircraft
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Specifications (RQ-4A)
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Wingspan: Length: Height: Gross T/O wt: Payload: 116 ft 44 ft 15 ft 26,750 lbs 2,000 lbs
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Performance
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Range: Endurance: True Airspeed: 12,500 nm 30+ hrs 335 Kts
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WORLD RECORDS (as recognized by NAA):
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Highest altitude by an autonomous, unmanned jet-powered aircraft: 65,191 ft
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Longest endurance of an autonomous, unmanned jet-powered aircraft: 30 hrs 24 min
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First non-stop flight across Pacific Ocean by an autonomous aircraft Approved for Public Release ASC Case 88ABW-2009-3983 , 9/9/09
The Aircraft
U-2 B-737 Global Hawk
4/28/2020
Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW-2009-3983 , 9/9/09
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The System
The Global Hawk Operations Center (GHOC) 1 Experienced Pilot + 1 Sensor Operator Operation Supervisor (on call) Launch and Recovery Element 1 Pilot + Comm Support Mission Control Element 1 Pilot, 1 Sensor Operator + Contractor Support Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW-2009-3983 , 9/9/09
The Controls
Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW-2009-3983 , 9/9/09
The Controls
Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW-2009-3983 , 9/9/09
COMMUNICATIONS UHF-Band: C 2 LOS C 2 SATCOM X-Band CDL: C 2 and Sensor LOS Ku-Band: C 2 and Sensor SATCOM
The Links
Ku SATCOM C 2 & SENSOR C 2 UHFSATCOM C 2 C 2 ELINT - LR-100 Receive/Locate system SAR – SAR Strip-Map at 1m – SAR Spotlight at 0.3m
– GMTI Mode (90• / 120 sec) EO-IR – NIIRS 5.5 EO, 5.0 IR (Strip-Map) – NIIRS 6.5 EC, NIIRS 6.0 IR (Spot) AIR VEHICLE – 60-65K Ft. Altitude – 24 Hrs Time On Station @ 1,200 NM Radius C 2 & SENSOR C 2 LOS (C 2 MISSION CONTROL ELEMENT & SENSOR) CDL C 2 & SENSOR SENSOR CDL SENSOR LAUNCH AND RECOVERY ELEMENT (C 2 ONLY) TACTICAL USERS (SENSOR ONLY) Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW-2009-3983 , 9/9/09
RQ-4 History
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RQ-4 Global Hawk Origin and Conception Evolution of the RQ-4 Global Hawk Current Operations Future Operations Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW-2009-3983 , 9/9/09
RQ-4 Global Hawk Origin and Conception
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May 95 DARPA Launches RQ-4 Advanced Concept Technology Demo 7 Demo Aircraft built by Teledyne Ryan Aeronautical Center
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First Taxi: 16 Oct 97 First Developmental Aircraft Flight: 28 Feb 98 Stage 2 Australian Demonstration: Apr 01
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First non-stop UAV flight over Pacific Ocean Flew 7300 miles and 23 hours Nordholz, Germany Demo: 15 Oct – 6 Nov 03
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6 ELINT demonstrations over North Atlantic
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Up to 35 hours endurance at altitudes more than 65,000’ Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW-2009-3983 , 9/9/09
Evolution of the RQ-4 Global Hawk
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Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF): Nov 01 Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF): Mar 03
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5% of surveillance missions 55% of time-sensitive targets Collected more than 3,700 images First Production Vehicle: 1 Aug 03 Arrival at Beale AFB: 15 Oct 04 Over 19,000 Combat Hours: Jan 09 Operations Ongoing (unclassified) Operation Enduring Freedom, Mar 02 “The Global Hawk was a formidable tool in the war – new and powerful” Lt. Gen Moseley, 9th AF Commander Arrival at Beale AFB, Oct 04 Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW-2009-3983 , 9/9/09
Evolution of the RQ-4 Global Hawk
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RQ-4B Model Developed to Meet AF ISR Mission Requirements
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Increased payload capacity: 3,000 lbs Operates two-and-a-half times more power Enhanced ISS capability First production unveiled: Aug 06 First flight: Mar 07 Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW-2009-3983 , 9/9/09
Current Operations
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RQ-4 CAOC ISR Support Requirements Include Afghanistan and Iraq U.S. Central Command (USCENTCOM) Mission Includes:
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Maintaining an effective and visible U.S. military presence Deterring threats by hostile regional states Projecting military force into the Mideast region if necessary Operations in other AORs have already begun Gen David H. Petraeus CENTCOM Commander 31 Oct 08 Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW-2009-3983 , 9/9/09
Other Operations
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California Wildfire’s
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23 total wildfire’s, 10 not contained 7 deaths related to fires
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SAN DIEGO COUNTY DAMAGED
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300 square miles 196,420 acres 650 homes
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LA COUNTY/MALIBU DAMAGED
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665 square miles 426,000 acres 1,500 homes
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1 Million people evacuated
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Estimated cost of damage: $1 Billion
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Nearly 9,000 firefighters in seven counties Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW-2009-3983 , 9/9/09
Other Operations
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A fire line is observed moving from Southwest to the Northeast Grass Valley History
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40% of the GrassValley fire is contained with over 1,000 acres destroyed
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Over 1.5 million dollars in damage Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW-2009-3983 , 9/9/09
Other Operations
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Disaster Relief
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Hurricanes Earthquakes Forest Fires Homeland Security
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Counter Smuggling Border Patrol Effectiveness
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Broad Area Mapping Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW-2009-3983 , 9/9/09
Lessons Learned and Special Considerations
Defining an UAS
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1 st step in any estimate is to define what you’re estimating
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WBS is the usual tool cost estimators use to help define the weapon system
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Appendix H of Mil-Hdbk 881A, DoD Handbook Work Breakdown Structures for Defense Materiel Items, dtd 25 Jul 2005, specifically addresses UAS
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Tailored to match unique elements of systems
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Operating and Support costs are defined and organized according to the six standard CAIG cost elements
UAS WBS
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Unique 881A Level Two Elements
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Air Vehicle
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Payload(s) Ground Segment System Integration, Assembly, Test and Checkout System of Systems approach may be applicable Integration is an area of concern Payload(s) and Ground Segment are just as important (if not more so) than the air vehicle
Ground Segment
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Is Cockpit of UAS, and center of communications and data 881A lists Ground Control Systems and Command and Control Subsystem as WBS Level 3 items
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GH experience is that Command and Control Subsystem is a Level 4 element within Ground Control System (GCS) Estimating concerns:
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Certification and Accreditation Interface with base comm systems Interfaces with payloads
Payload(s)
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Payloads are critical - they perform the mission Can cost as much or more than the air vehicle 881A provides good WBS definition Estimating Concerns:
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Size, weight and Power (SWaP)
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Interface with air vehicle’s mission computer Interface with ground segment End user of payload data may not be part of ground segment and may need separate interface
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Payloads may be common across multiple platforms, which may add schedule and technical complexity
System IAT&CO
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UAS WBS is the only WBS in 881A to specifically list System IAT&CO as a Level 2 element
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However… GH has not used IAT&CO at Level 2
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Integration and Assembly Costs captured and estimated at Level 3
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Emphasizes concerns of integrating air vehicle, ground segment and payloads into one system Test and Checkout costs captured and estimated in System Test and Evaluation element
Concurrency
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GH has a high degree of concurrency in the program
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Development, production, and O&S all happening at the same time
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Significant numbers of mods are also beginning to take place Complicates estimating
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Phasing of estimates is difficult because schedules constantly change
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Be careful of “chasing” technology
Test
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Estimating concerns Adequate number of test assets
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Air vehicles
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Payloads Ground Segments Scheduling
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Driven by development and production events
Proprietary Systems
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UAS weapon systems are more likely to contain or consist of Non-Developed Items (NDI) /COTS Estimating impacts:
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Descriptive hardware and software data may not be available
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Limit to government independent technical evaluation of cost inputs
Operations and Support
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Warfighters still refining operations and employment concepts Estimating concerns
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OPSTEMPO still changing
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Basing not finalized
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Flexible deployment process
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SATCOM costs Depots
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Subject to 50-50 rule, but proprietary data reduces flexibility
Summary
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UAS is a growth area Cost estimators need to be aware of unique/special UAS concerns WBS is the basic tool to help define and highlight areas of concern Ground segments and payloads are important Integration between air vehicles, ground segments and payloads can be a significant cost Growing applications of UAS will significantly impact operations and support cost estimates