Transcript No Slide Title

Bahan Kajian MK. Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Lingkungan
ENVIRONMENTAL
DESIGN
Soemarno
PM-PSDL PPSUB 2013
smno.psdl.ppsub.des2013
Environmental
Design
Environmental design is the
process of addressing
environmental
parameters when devising
plans, programs, policies,
buildings, or products.
Classical prudent design may
have always considered
environmental factors;
however, the
environmental movement
beginning in the 1960s has
made the concept more
explicit.
www.hetreedross.com/s_environmental_design.htm
Environmental Design has been defined:
"We live in the world by design. Creating the everyday environment
in which we live involves complex systems of cultural meaning,
visual communication and the use of tools, technology and
materials.
As a field of study, Environmental Design encompasses the built,
natural, and human environments and focuses on fashioning
physical and social interventions informed by human behaviour
and environmental processes.
Design asks us to find answers to the most fundamental of human
questions: how should we live in the world and what should
inform our actions? This complex endeavour requires an
interdisciplinary approach."
Environmental design in the old-fashioned sense develops physical
environments, both interior and exterior, to meet one or more
aesthetic or day-to-day functional needs, or to create a specific
sort of experience - the focus being the human-designed
environment.
Environmental design includes such specialities as architects,
acoustical scientists, engineers, environmental scientists,
landscape architects, urban planning, interior designers,
lighting designers, and exhibition designers.
In many situations, historic preservation can be added to this list.
Another recent addition to this general area might be
"disability access".
In terms of a larger scope, environmental design has implications
for the industrial design of products: innovative automobiles,
wind-electricity generators, solar-electric equipment, and other
kinds of equipment could serve as examples.
CONTOH-CONTOH
Examples of the environmental design process include use
of roadway noise computer models in design of noise
barriers and use of roadway air dispersion models in
analyzing and designing urban highways.
Designers consciously working within this more recent
framework of philosophy and practice seek a blending
of nature and technology, regarding ecology as the
basis for design.
Some believe that strategies of conservation, stewardship,
and regeneration can be applied at all levels of scale
from the individual building to the community, with
benefit to the human individual and local and
planetary ecosystems.
Specific examples of
large scale
environmental
design projects
include:
Jakarta Transportation
Planning Review ;
Sendangbiru Coastal
Development Plan
System.
Metropolitan Portland,
Jabotabek electrical
rail system
paradigms4progress.wordpress.com/.../
The standard for new
construction to a
comprehensive
system of five
interrelated
performance areas
of human and
environmental health
to include:
1) Sustainable site
development
2) Water savings
3) Energy efficiency
4) Material selection and
indoor air quality
5) Indoor air quality
www.christopheroberg.com/
History
Early roots began in the late 19th Century with
writer/designer William Morris, who rejected the use
of industrialized materials and processes in wallpaper,
fabrics and books his studio produced.
He and others, such as John Ruskin felt that the
industrial revolution would lead to harm done to
nature and workers.
www.treehugger.com/.../03/basf_unveils_ve.php
www.mykesweblog.com/water/
From the middle of the
twentieth century,
thinkers like
Buckminster Fuller
have acted as catalysts
for a broadening and
deepening of the
concerns of
environmental
designers. Nowadays,
energy efficiency,
appropriate technology,
organic horticulture or
organic agriculture,
land restoration,
community design, and
ecologically sustainable
energy and waste
systems are recognized
considerations or
options and may each
find application. 9
Energy-efficient
Buildings &
Design:
J. Baldwin
Tom Bender
Peter Calthorpe
William McDonough
Victor Papanek
Sim Van der Ryn
James Wines
Ken Yeang
Eastgate Centre,
Harare
Portcullis House
YMCA International
Camp, Nilshi,
India
www.arlingtonva.us/.../page58309.aspx
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Energy Usage (Commercial,
Residential, Societal):
Amory Lovins
Soft energy path
Urban Ecology
Bioswale
Environmental planning
Urban ecology
New Urbanism
Principles of Intelligent Urbanism
Land Use & Community Planning
Forestry
Forest gardening
Christopher Alexander
Noise barrier
Permaculture
Prevention of Crime
CPTED
Waste Treatment Innovation:
John Todd
www.griffith.edu.au/.../programs-courses
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ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN
As environmental designers, Land Planning Studios
is continuously reminded of man's impact on the
natural environment and of our limited natural
resources.
We are committed to staying up to date and
understanding current environmental regulations
and incentives focusing on the conservation of
the environment and the preservation of water
quality, flora and fauna, scenic by-ways, mountain
views and public parks.
We use tools such as
conservation
easements,
where applicable,
to integrate our
land design skills
with our
commitment to
environmental
preservation. Our
use of advanced
technology helps
us analyze large
tracts of land to
determine
suitability for use
and design.
nativedesigntexas.com/index.php?p=1_3_About
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www.toshibatec.co.jp/.../reduce/index.html
We perform computer
analyses for
elevation studies,
slope aspect (sun
angles), percent
of grade and soil.
These analyses
help us to
determine the
ideal locations of
roads and home
sites, in addition
to providing
helpful
information
regarding area
ecology,
geographical
features, and
adjacent land
uses, along with
demographic
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information where
Environmental Design Review
At the product-planning stage, the Design Review is conducted from all
angles. The in-house standards make it obligatory for related
departments to conduct the Environmental Design Review at the
planning stage.
The Environmental Design Review includes "Compliance with laws
and regulations," "Environmental Assessment on Products,"
"Response to Environmental Labels," "LCA Implementation and
Factor Calculation" and "Response to Environmental Design Guide"
shown in the diagram.
The "Environmental Assessment on Products" is used to assess the
degree of achievement on the Voluntary Plan for Environmental
Protection, responses to the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) and
energy conservation, progress regarding reduction in environmentrelated substances, and confirmation of compliance with the
Voluntary Environmental Standards.
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The Environmental Design Review is conducted at each
stage of planning, design, prototype production and
mass production trial.
For instance, basic environmental design specifications
are reviewed, compliance with laws and regulations
and response to various environmental labels are
specifically defined at the planning stage.
Compliance and compatibility with target values and
confirmation of compliance are verified at the design
stage or later.
The environmental specifications of updated products
are examined at the development stage, to set higher
target values.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/ehei/index.htm
IWRM
Integrated water resources management is the practice of making
decisions and taking actions while considering multiple
viewpoints of how water should be managed.
These decisions and actions relate to situations such as river basin
planning, organization of task forces , planning of new capital
facilities, controlling reservoir releases, regulating floodplains ,
and developing new laws and regulations.
The need for multiple viewpoints is caused by competition for water
and by complex institutional constraints. The decision-making
process is often lengthy and involves many participants.
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Components and
Viewpoints
Integrated water resources
management begins with the
term "water resources
management" itself, which uses
structural measures and
nonstructural measures to
control natural and humanmade water resources systems
for beneficial uses. Watercontrol facilities and
environmental elements work
together in water resources
systems to achieve water
management purposes.
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Concept regarding Design of ECPs
TOSHIBA TEC Corporation devotes its energies to the
reduction of environmental impacts on products,
because its business activities exert most
environmental impacts on society at the stages of
"procurement of raw materials and components" and
"product usage."
At the stage of "procurement of raw materials and
components," reduction of environmental impacts is
required in terms of resource consumption. In terms of
preventing global warming, reduction of environmental
impacts is required at the stage of "product usage,"
because electricity consumption plays a major role on
environmental impacts.
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In addition, certain chemical substances,
which may cause environmental pollution
need to be avoided or reduced in terms of
environmental pollution.
TOSHIBA TEC Corporation enhances the
design of ECPs while taking into account
3R conscious design, energy-saving
design and design for reducing
environmental impact substances.
3R Conscious Design
3R conscious design is
intended to effectively
use resources, and
minimize the amount
of resources
consumed for
products, while
circulating resources
through reuse and
recycling. Reduce
Design, Reuse Design
and Recycle Design
are defined in order of
priority. The 3R
conscious design is
implemented on
packaging rather than
products.
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Madison High School Garden
Structure
In a continuation of Madison High
School's campus greening projects
and as part of Village Building
Convergence 2009, Sebastian
designed an outdoor classroom
using two small overlapping
structures. They protect against
wind, rain, and sun, giving students
and community gardeners shelter all
year round -- and a good excuse to
get outside and into the school's
budding garden projects.
Less than 120 square feet each, they
are small enough not to need a
permit, but combined they create a
much larger protected space. The
structure will be made out of wood
and cob, with an eco-roof, a
rainwater catchment system, and a
rain garden.
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Energy-saving Design
Energy-saving design
is intended to reduce
electricity
consumption at the
product usage phase,
and develop energysaving technologies
specific for each
product as well as
common-saving
technologies among all
products. In particular,
a typical example of
achievements includes
high-efficiency
induction heating or IH
fusing technology
integrated into an MFP.
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Design for Reducing
Environmental Impact
Substances
The TOSHIBA TEC Group is a
leader, who actively
complies with laws and
regulations in and outside
Japan, such as the RoHS
Directive, which became
effective on July 1, 2006,
the China RoHS, which
became effective on March
1, 2007, and the EU
REACH Regulation, which
was effective on June 1,
2007. For voluntary
activities, halogen-free
materials are used for
plastic cases and printed
circuit boards. The use of
polyvinyl chlorides is
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reduced for power cords.
25
Exemplary Human Environment Initiatives (EHEI)
The EHEIs, now in their third year, recognize and publicize
transportation initiatives that make our transportation system
work better for the people who use it.
Since 2008 we permit projects to be submitted for joint consideration
with the Exemplary Ecosystem Initiatives (EEIs). This joint
recognition demonstrates that environmental achievements do
not have to be divided between natural and human initiatives, and
offers the opportunity for the same initiative to receive recognition
in both EHEI and EEI status.
26
Exemplary Human Environment Initiatives (EHEI)
The Human Environment encompasses all of those situations where people
are affected by transportation.
This includes:
Encouraging people to be more physically active in their modes of travel;
Making changes to the transportation infrastructure;
Improving how we plan and implement changes to transportation processes;
Educating people about the benefits of human centered transportation;
Using technology in creative ways; or
More cross cutting issues
Please look for and tell us about transportation projects or activities in your
community that deserve to be replicated in other communities. By
spreading the word about these initiatives, we can not only give credit for
thee accomplishments, we can be sure that other places can benefit by
implementing these exemplary human environment initiatives. The annual
deadline for nominations is usually in April.
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Landscape
Architecture –
As landscape
architects, Land
Planning Studios
strives to find the
balance between
both the constructed
and the natural
environment.
We also believe in the
use of creative detail
in our design of each
project.
The goal of the
EHEIs is to
make things
better for
people when
they use our
Nation's
transportation
system while
remaining
conscious of
any natural
environmental
consequences
. We want to
find either new
or better ways
of doing
things.
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This detail may take
the form of unique
lighting, planting,
streetscape, park
systems, trails,
playgrounds, site
furnishings,
patios, amenity
areas, or additional
site features such
as ponds or
waterfalls.
We also strive to use
appropriate
materials and base
our design on what
is suitable for both
the geographic
area, and the
intended use of the
land.
30
Landuse Planning
As a comprehensive landscape architecture
firm, Landuse Planning Studios helps determine
what is feasible and appropriate for a tract of
land with regards to its development potential
uses.
We analyze the physical characteristics of the
land, explore development possibilities, and
address any limitations regarding topography,
utilities, or other environmental issues.
Based on this careful
analysis of the
individual pieces
that compose the
land development
process, we
assemble a Master
Land Plan that
becomes the
foundation for the
development
project.
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An Ecological Design Process
So after a year of making mistake after
mistake, (still making mistakes) I am finally
coming full circle to the wisdom I was first
given by Dave Jacke at a workshop last
September. At the time, all I wanted to do
was get out there and do the work! I
designed as I went and tried experiment
after experiment; from building a raised
bed garden 72 feet long to digging the
earth and causing erosion (more on that in
a second).
The old adage, "school of the hardknocks"
seems to be what I personally need to
reach that "A ha!" moment where I realize
how stupid I was in making all of these
hasty decisions. So, I've been doing this
long before I started to garden, and even
when I considered myself a graphic
DESIGNER. You can read all of these
ideas and provisions out of a book, but I
find they stay in the book until I realize why
the authors wrote those things in there in
the first place.
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davidmoormandesign.wordpr
ess.com/
So as I examine the mistakes
I've made I find myself feeling,
in my physiology, the change
that was needed to think from
a designers perspective.
Now I'm not saying
experimenting is not
designing, but I mean
designing in the sense that
before the shovel hits the sod,
the ideas are written on paper
and mulled over, refined,
erased, and improved upon.
Designing with intent.
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35
www.ciesin.org/docs/003-322/003-322b.html
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www.ecodesign.org/
The Ecological Design
Collaborative (EDC) is a design
team comprised of
experienced architects,
ecological land planners,
landscape architects and
renewable energy/water
management/biological
wastewater treatment
specialists. We provide
integrated consulting and
design services for projects
varying in size and function
from single family homes to
entire communities built
around resilience and living
buildings.
EDC works in collaboration
with our clients as well as
other architectural
firms to design ecologically
and economically-sensible
solutions.
37
Our different disciplines integrate
the knowledge and creativity of all
of us through a whole systems
approach that is more than the sum
of its parts.
Depending on the need, EDC can
assemble a full service team (design
through construction
administration) or work with an
architect of record and lead the
initial design effort.
The tree inspires us with its
simplicity and its complexity—a
living testament to nature's energy
exchange and beauty. In many ways,
our current environmental crisis is
also a design crisis—a consequence
of our current production and
construction methods, and use of
landscapes.
We believe that man and nature can
work together to regenerate the
health of our shared planet, and our
aim is Surpassability—a metric
beyond sustainability.
The Ecological Design Collaborative has collectively over 190 years of
experience in environmentally-friendly projects varying in size and
function—from single family homes to entire communities built
around resilience and living buildings.
If you are an architectural team, we can bring our in-depth green
design experience to work together with you on the following:
green design and goal formation through charettes/brainstorming
with the team and client.
or a mixture of full service design (schematic, design development)
plus construction documents, green specifications, landscape
value engineering + construction administration.
lead design systems for biological wastewater treatment and reuse,
zero carbon buildings, on-site water management, vegetated walls
and roofs, renewable energy analysis and planning, ecological
site restoration.
39
If you are a developer or a future building
owner, our value-added services include:
sustainable development planning.
'green' entitlements process.
acquainting your design team with updated
knowledge on environmentally-friendly
building and landscape design.
www.beachfrontbyronbay.com.au/ByronBay/Beac
hF...
Built Environment
Luxurious Architect Designed Home.
Landscaped Grounds and Gardens.
Recreation Facilities, Swimming Pool and Tennis
Court.
The survival of modern
societies depends on making a
design shift from rigid
instability to flowing resilience
at every scale of human
settlement. From village to
megacities, we should design
to provide our basic needs for
balanced and healthy natural
and human ecosystems that
provide clean water and air,
energy, food, and the safe
recycling of all wastes. We are
working on projects that
transform investment capital
into long term economic,
ecologic, and community
benefits.
41
www.bradford.gov.uk/.../built_environment/
Built Environment Overview
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Green roof of City Hall in Chicago, Illinois.
Landscape Design
Unit
Bradford Council's Landscape
Design Unit
Bradford Design Awards 2008
Communications and
Consultations
Design Awards
Environmental Masterplanning
Landscape and Urban Design
Landscape - Character
Assessment
Landscape Design Unit Frequently Asked Questions
Landscape Planning
Project Management
43
LINGKUNGAN BINAAN
The phrase built environment refers to the man-made surroundings that
provide the setting for human activity, ranging in scale from personal
shelter to neighborhoods to the large-scale civic surroundings.
The term is also now widely used to describe the interdisciplinary field
of study which addresses the design, management and use of these
man-made surroundings and their relationship to the human activities
which take place within them.
The field is generally not regarded as an academic discipline in its own
right, but as a "field of application" (or "interdiscipline") which draws
upon the individual disciplines of economics, law, management, design
and technology in sustainable sense.
In landscape architecture, the built environment is identified as manmade landscapes as opposed to the natural environment. For example,
URBAN FOREST may have the look, feel and quality of natural
surroundings, but is completely man-made and "built".
In urban planning, the phrase
connotes the idea that a large
percentage of the human
environment is manmade,
and these artificial
surroundings are so
extensive and cohesive that
they function as organisms in
the consumption of
resources, disposal of
wastes, and facilitation of
productive enterprise within
its bounds.
Recently there has also been
considerable dialogue and
research into the impact of
the built environment's
impact on population health.
Green roof planted with native species at L'Historial de la Vendée, a new museum in
western France
In architecture and environmental
psychology, the phrase is a useful
acknowledgement that a small
fraction of buildings constructed
annually, even in the industrialized
world, are designed by architects, and
that users of the built environment
encounter issues that cross the
traditional professional boundaries
between urban planners, traffic
engineers, zoning authorities,
architects, interior designers,
industrial designers, etc. Historically,
much of the built environment has
taken the form of vernacular
architecture, and this is still the case
in large parts of the world. In the
industrialized world, many buildings
are produced by large scale
development remote from its eventual
users.
46
Environmental design
Environmental design is a term referring to the process of
addressing complex environmental issues when devising
plans, programs, policies, buildings, or products.
Classical prudent design may have always considered
environmental factors; however, discussion in schools of
Architecture and Urban / Regional Planning beginning in
the1940s by Serge Chermayeff have made the concept more
explicit.
It has also become a collective term for contributing
professions of design and planning (architecture, landscape
architecture, urban design, urban planning, regional
planning, product design, interior design, et al.) taken as an
interrelated whole.