Transcript No Slide Title

Eco-Design VII
EU policy
Contents
1. Eco-design (ErP) directive
2. The WEEE directive
3. RoHS directive
Aim
Promotion of sustainable development
through free movement of ErP,
environmental protection and increased
security of energy supply
Related legislation
• Directive on management of waste from EEE
based on Article 175
• Directive on the restriction of certain hazardous
substances in EEE based on Article 95
• Existing legislation on minimum energy efficiency
requirements based on Article 95
• Eco-label, EMAS……
Products covered
In principle all energy sources are covered, in
practice at first products using electricity or
fuels
Household Appliances
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Washing machines
Clothes dryers
Dish washing machines
Electric ovens
Hot plates
Microwaves
Toasters
Fryers
Grinders, coffee machines and
equipment for the opening or
sealing of containers or
packages
• Electric knives
• Other appliances for cooking,
food processing, cleaning,
clothes maintenance; appliances
for hair cutting, har drying,
tooth brushing, shaving,
massaging and other body care
appliances
• Scales
Household appliances
Information technology
equipment
IT and Consumer Equipment
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IT equipment
Radios
Televisions
Video cameras and
recorders
• Hi-fi recorders and
audio amplifiers
• Home theater systems
• Music instruments
• Toys, leisure and
sports equipment
• Electric trains or car
racing sets
Consumer equipment
Electronic toys
Sports and leisure equipment
Products Not Covered
(a) Voltage converters;
(b) Uninterruptible power supplies;
(c) Battery chargers;
(d) Halogen lighting converters;
(e) External power supplies for medical devices;
(f) External power supplies placed on the market
no later than 30 June 2015 as a service part or
spare part for an identical external power supply
which was placed on the market not later than
one year after this Regulation has come into
force, under the condition that the service part or
spare part, or its packaging, clearly indicates the
primary load product(s) for which the spare part
or service part is intended to be used with.
(g) Means of transport
ErP features :Structure
• ErP framework does not create immediate obligations for
manufacturers but allows the Commission to do so through
implementing measures
• Implementing measures are adopted by the Commission assisted by a
regulatory Committee
• They define eco-design requirements, conformity assessment
procedures and implementation dates
• Impact assessment precedes the submission of Commission draft
measures)
• Stakeholders participate throughout the whole process (studies, impact
assessments, consultations, preparatory discussions within the
Committee)
Eco-design requirements
• Generic, aiming at the improvement of the overall
environmental performance, focusing on
environmental aspects identified in the
implementing measure
and/or
• Specific, in the form of limit values or thresholds
for selected environmental aspects with a
significant adverse impact on the environment
Implementing measures
Implementing measures are proposed for products which:
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represent a significant volume of sales and trade in the
internal market (indicative threshold 200 000 units/year)
and
• involve a significant environmental impact and
• present a significant potential for improvement
The entire life cycle of the product will be considered
Other aspects (product performance, health&safety,
impact on consumers, manufacturers’ competitiveness)
are taken into account
ErP: Stand By Off Mode Implementing
Measure
The Implementing Measure (IM) for stand by/off mode was adopted in
December 2008 by the European Commission and came into force on
January 7th, 2009.
This is the first implementing measure under the ErP Directive enforced.
The purpose of the Stand by/off mode Regulation is to ensure the lowest
possible energy use of all household and office products in passive
standby and off modes.
Stand by/off mode Limits
Power consumption data in Watts rounded to the second
decimal place
• By January 7, 2010: Off Mode not to exceed 1.00W
consumption
• By January 7, 2010: Standby Mode not to exceed 1.00W;
or 2.00W if providing information or status display
• By January 7, 2013: Off Mode not to exceed 0.50W
consumption
• By January 7, 2013: Standby Mode not to exceed 0.50W;
or 1.00W if providing information or status display
External Power Supply
Implementing Measure (278/2009)
Implemeting measure on simple set-top boxes
(Set-top boxes are used in cable
television and satellite television
systems, to transform the signal from
the cable or satellite to a form that can
be used by the television set or other
receiver)
Standby mode
Active mode
Simple STB
0,5 W
5W
Allowance for display function
+0,5 W
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Allowance for hard disk
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+6 W
Allowance for second tuner
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+1 W
Allowance for decoding HD signals
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+1 W
Non-Directional Household Lamps
Implementing Measure (244/2009)
Application
Date
Banned Products
Non-clear incandescent lamps + clear 100 watts
incandescent lamps
September 2010 Clear 75 watts incandescent lamps
September 2011 Clear 60 watts incandescent lamps
September 2009
Clear 40 watts incandescent lamps and clear 25
September 2012
watts incandescent lamps
Stricter requirements on fluorescent lamps and
September 2013
LED-lamps
September 2016 Stricter requirements on halogen lamps
Implementing measure on tertiary
lighting
Sets requirements for linear and compact fluorescent lamps
• Requirements on minimum lumen maintenance levels
• From 2017 (eight years after the regulation takes effect) all fluroescent lamps must
be designed to work with an electronic ballast.
• From 2012 new luminaires must be sold with electronic ballasts and from 2017
magnetic ballasts will not be permitted even for replacement in existing luminaires.
• Minimum performance requirements for HID (High intensity discharge) lamps,
which means phasing out of HPM (High-pressure mercury) lamps, although the
largest wattages are phased out first.
• 90 % of the HPS (High-pressure sodium) lamps should have a life time of more than
16000 h.
• Metal halogen lamps should have a minimum life time of 12000 h
• Requirements of directional light sources for street lighting luminaires (not only
HID) to reduce light pollution.
• Minimum performance requirements for all HID lamps to minimize mercury content
Implementing measure on
electric motors
• From 2011: Minimum energy
performance at the IE2 efficiency
level
• From 2015: Minimum energy
performance at the IE3 efficiency
level, or IE2 if the motor is
combined with a Variable Speed
Drive (VSD)
• From 2017: Minimum energy
performance at the IE3 efficiency
level for all motors
Implementing measure on circulators
in buildings
• glandless impeller pumps up to
2500W
• used primarily for central heating
systems
• mainly used for the circulation of
water in heater applications in
buildings
• From 2013: minimum energy
performance of EEI 0,27
• From 2015: minimum energy
performance of EEI 0,23
EEI – ratio between annual
consumption of the appliance and a
standard consumption of a typical
similar model
Implementing measure on
televisions
• Off mode: 0,3 - 0,5 W
• Standby: 0,5 - 1,0 W (depending on
reactivation function etc)
• Energy labelling requirements for
televisions
• In 2014, 2017 and 2020 the efficiency
classes A+, A++ and A+++ would be
introduced.
Implementing measure on
refrigerators and freezers
Compression-type refrigerating
appliances:
• From 1 July 2010: EEI < 55
• From 1 July 2012: EEI < 44
• From 1 July 2014:EEI < 42
Absorption-type and other-type
refrigerating appliances:
• From 1 July 2010: EEI < 150
• From 1 July 2012: EEI < 125
• From 1 July 2015: EEI < 110
Three new energy classes: A+, A++ and
A+++
Other implementing measures endorsed
Ventilation fans
Domestic washing
machines
Domestic
dishwashers
Drafted regulation:
• Room air
conditioning
appliances
Studies completed
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Boilers
Water heaters
PC-s and computer monitors
Imaging equipment
Residential ventilation and
kitchen hoods
Electric pumps
Commercial refrigerators
and freezers
Refrigerating and freezing
equipment
Distribution and power
transfomers
• Solid fuel small combustion
installations
• Laundry driers
• Vacuum cleaners
• Complex set-top boxes
• Directional lighting
• Non-tertiary coffee machines
• Networked standby losses
• Sound and imaging
equipment
• Medical imaging equipment
Studies ongoing
• Local room heatng
products
• Central heating products
• Domestic and
commercial ovens
• Domestic and
commercial hobs and
grills
• Professional wet
appliances and dryers
• Tertiary air conditionng
• Uninterruptible power
supplies
• Pumps for waste
waters
• Large pumps and
pumps for pools,
fountains, aquariums
• Special motors
• Compressors
• Industrial ovens
• Machine tools
Harmonised standards in support of the ErP
framework
“……………..
.(25) One of the main roles of harmonised standards should be to help
manufacturers in applying the implementing measures adopted under this
Directive. Such standards could be essential in establishing measuring and
testing methods. In the case of generic ecodesign requirements harmonised
standards could contribute considerably to guiding manufacturers in
establishing the ecological profile of their products in accordance with the
requirements of the applicable implementing measure. These standards should
clearly indicate the relationship between their clauses and the requirements
dealt with. The purpose of harmonised standards should not be to fix limits for
environmental aspects.
(26) For the purpose of definitions used in this Directive it is useful to refer
to relevant international standards such as ISO 14040.
………………………………………… »
Harmonised standards in support of the ErP
framework (continued)
• Harmonised standards provide presumption of conformity with the
provisions of the applicable implementing measure that they cover
(Article 8) i.e., the application of several harmonised standards may be
necessary for demonstrating compliance with the implementing
measure
• Standardisation can provide a valuable support for the implementation
of ErP
• standards may be used for defining measurement and testing methods
• they may also be used to support and guide the assessment of the
environmental performance of the product (Annex I) and for
communication purposes (Annex I, part 2)
• standardisation should not be used to tackle political issues, such as
fixing a limit for a given environmental aspect
The ErP mandate – scope
The ErP mandate : a programming mandate
Standardisation efforts on the following items should be
considered, in particular regarding:
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use of materials derived from recycling activities
use of substances …..
use of consumables
energy consumption throughout the life cycle
water consumption throughout the life cycle
Ease for reuse and recycling as expressed through: number of materials and
components used, marking of plastics according to ISO, use of standard
components, time necessary for disassembly
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The ErP mandate – scope (continued)
Shall be taken into account:
• Other standards (e.g. the measurement standards for
energy labelling or efficiency requirements)
• guidance documents and technical reports currently
available or in preparation in this area at a national or
international level (e.g. ISO TR 14062, IEC Guide 109,
ISO Guide 64, ISO 14020 series),
• specifications established by interested organisations such
as manufacturers’ associations; best practices in industry
The ErP mandate – stakeholders’ participation
“ ……The elaboration of the standardisation programme
should be undertaken in co-operation with the broadest
possible range of interested groups, including international
and European level associations. Those involved should
include manufacturers and installers of energy-using
products, including SME’s; consumers; environment
NGO’s; the waste treatment industry; the competent
authorities of the Member States as well as members of the
scientific community. In particular, co-operation with
environment non-governmental organisations and with
organisations representing SME’s is regarded as
essential….”
Summary
• ErP aims at the sustainable development of energy-using
products and deals with product design
• It is a framework Directive; legal obligations for
manufacturers will come with the implementing measures
• Those will be adopted by a transparent process
(stakeholder consultation) and adequate analysis (impact
assessment)
• Priority is given to self-regulatory activities by industry
Website
http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/e
co_design/index.htm
2. The WEEE Directive
Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
Objectives
A Producer Responsibility Directive aimed at reducing waste
from electrical and electronic products by increasing recovery
and recycling and minimising environmental impact.
WEEE and RoHS Directives
the history
* 10 years of debate
* Wide differences of view
* Commission proposal - Summer 2000
* Many proposed amendments from MEPs
* Common Position - Nov 2001
Producer - a definition
“PRODUCER” means any person or organisation
who, irrespective of the selling technique used,
including by means of distance communication:
1. Manufactures and sells his own brand
2. Resells under his own brand
3. Imports or exports
What Equipment and Products are covered?
* All equipment dependent on electrical currents and magnetic
fields
* Ten indicative categories:
1. Large household
7. Toys, leisure and sports
2. Small household
8. Medical devices
3. IT and telecomms
9. Monitoring equipment
4. Consumer equipment
10. Automatic dispensers
5. Lighting equipment
6. Electrical & Electronic tools
Very wide waste stream, domestic and business to business
Requirements of the WEEE Directive
* Separate collection of WEEE - 4kg per person per year
* Treatment according to standards
* Recovery and recycling - it sets %age targets
* Producer pays from collection onwards
* Retailers to offer free take-back
* Consumers to return WEEE free of charge
* B2B situation unclear and open to member state interpretation
Requirements for Treatment
* All fluids to be removed
* Member States to set up quality standards
* Treatment facilities to hold permits
* Specific storage requirements
* Specific dismantling requirements
Selective Treatment
* Batteries
* Printed circuit boards (10 square cms)
* Toner cartridges
* Cathode Ray Tubes
* Liquid Crystal Displays (100 square cms)
* Electrolyte capacitors
* Plastics : brominated flame retardants
Specific Treatment
* CRTs - fluorescent coat to be removed
* Ozone depleting substances
* Gas discharge lamps: mercury
None of this specific treatment should hinder the possibility of
re-use
Recycling Rates by Product Category
* Large household: 80/75%
* IT & Consumer: 75/65%
* Others: 70/50%
* No target for medical equipment
How to Measure Recycling Rates
* Directive defines calculation
* Current cases at the ECJ will have an impact
* Audit trail or protocol
* Importance of end markets
* Linkage with ELV Directive
Key Dates
* Transposal - 18 months
* Producer Responsibility - 30 months
* Start separate collection - 30 months
* Collection target - 36 months
* Recovery Recycling targets - 46 months
European Parliament’s Role
* Co-decision procedure
* First Reading 15 May 2001
* A Second Reading is a certainty
* Council to submit Common Position text in November 01
Views of the European Parliament
* 270 amendments in committee
* Over 100 in Plenary
* More emphasis on Individual Producer Responsibility
* MEPs want consumers to be made to separate waste
* Want higher collection and recycling targets
* They also want the inclusion of consumables
3. RoHS Directive
* restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in
electrical and electronic equipment
* Complementary to WEEE Directive
* WEEE Directive is Article 175
* RoHS is Article 95 (single market)
RoHS Directive - What does it cover?
* All the products covered by the WEEE Directive
* With the exception of
- medical equipment and
- monitoring and control equipment
* From 2007, the following are banned:
- lead
- mercury
- cadmium
- hexavalent chromium
- polybrominated biphenyls & polybrominated diphenyl ethers
Areas that still need resolution and clarification
* Collective or Individual Producer Responsibility
* Historic Waste - is this legal?
* Retroactive legislation - unfair burden on industry
* Orphaned products - who will pay?
* Producers pay for orphaned products? - penalise
successful companies with costs of unsuccessful ones
* Visible fees?
* In store retailer take-back required? - H&S issues, costs
* Treatment permits essential?