Transcript Slide 1
8.L.1 Understand the structure and hazards caused by agents of disease that effect living organisms. 8.L.1.1 Summarize the basic characteristics of viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites relating to the spread, treatment and prevention of disease. B Barakat RMS 2013 Modified: P.McAven What are microorganims? viruses, bacteria, protozoa, parasites, and some fungi and algae. Micro Organisms Characteristics of micro organisms - Unicellular (single celled organisms) - Microscopic - Very diverse (lots of kinds) A variety of micro organisms cause disease Virus Bacteria Fungi Parasites Viruses Virus are not considered to be living but affect living things -- need a host cell non-living particles nucleic acid – DNA or RNA protein coat need a host cell Flu Attack! How A Virus Invades Your Body – 3 min http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpj0emEGShQ Viruses Cold Virus T-4 Virus infects Cell (40 sec) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41aq xcxsX2w Viruses Invade healthy cells Reproduce Kill healthy cells Viruses transmitted by human contact airborne Viruses transmitted by insects transmitted by water Viruses Vaccines control/prevent Viruses Examples of Common Viruses Influenza HIV / Aids Virus (Flu) Virus Viruses HIV AIDS Virus Good to show shape of HIV & the incorporation into DNA (1 min) http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=8Csh94TGySQ Viruses Polio Virus Viruses Chicken Pox Virus Viruses Yellow Fever Virus Viruses Viral Meningitis Virus Viruses West Nile Virus Mosquito bite Redesigning Mosquitos (the deadlist animal - 15 min – see beginning http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpsRAk5HpK4 Viruses Ebola Virus Viruses SARS Virus severe acute respiratory syndrome Viruses Summary Non-living – need living host cell Nucleic acid & protein coat Invade healthy cells & reproduce Cause disease Spread by human contact, insects, air, water Affect different human body systems Are controlled by vaccines Virus Reproduction – mutates into the cell’s DNA to make copies Lysogenic Cycle Virus takes over the cell, reproduce, burst out of the cell. Repeat. Lytic Cycle T-4 Virus infects Cell (40 sec) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41aqxcxsX2w Flu Attack! How A Virus Invades Your Body – 3 min http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpj0emEGShQ Good to show shape of HIV & the incorporation into DNA (1 min) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Csh94TGySQ Hepitatis virus enters cell (beginning) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eI5t0PbgnBk Redesigning Mosquitos (the deadlist animal - 15 min – see beginning http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpsRAk5HpK4 A variety of micro organisms cause disease Virus Bacteria Fungi Parasites Bacteria Characteristics of Bacteria Prokaryotic, Unicellular (single celled) Live in O2, without O2, in extreme conditions Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell Classification by Kingdom Virus NOT living Bacteria (2) Protist Fungi Plants Animals Prokaryotic Cell Eukariotic Cell Eukariotic Cell need live host Unicellular Unicellular Multicellular Microscopic Microscopic Microscopic Visible to naked eye Unicellular the whole organism is one cell Single-celled Unicellular Multicellular Many cells Specialized cells Bacteria Grow / Spread Cell grows Copies its DNA or RNA Stretches Splits into 2 identical cells Binary fission Under ideal conditions Reproduce VERY quickly Bacteria Reproduction – how fast http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2_K7qBPaQrw Bacteria 1 Asexual Reproduction in Bacteria (silent) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_eKoX32_Yw Bacteria Transmission Direct/Indirect Contact By Droplet Transmission sneezing, coughing, surfaces Environmental Sources mostly in warm moist areas Bacteria Treatment by Antibiotics Some bacteria cells are resistant, survive, reproduce, new strain of illness. Bacteria Common Diseases caused by Bacteria Rabies Bacteria Lyme Disease Bacteria bacterial meningitis How bacterial meningitis affects the body – 1 min – enters blood stream http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OayQEFV0vJA Bacteria Leprosy Bacteria Summary - Prokaryotic (no nucleus) - Microscopic -- Unicellular - Lack chlorophyll - Found everywhere in air, soil, water, and inside of your body and on your skin - Multiply rapidly - Transmitted by contact, droplets, moist areas - Treated with antibiotics classified based on shape spherical rodlike spiral How bacterial meningitis affects the body – 1 min – enters blood stream http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OayQEFV0vJA Asexual Reproduction in Bacteria (silent) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_eKoX32_Yw 13 sec http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQr61SOeXTg Bacteria Reproduction – how fast http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2_K7qBPaQrw Fungi A variety of micro organisms cause disease Virus Bacteria Fungi Parasites Fungi Characteristics of Fungi Eukaryotic cell Heterotrophs (eat other non-photosynthetic multi-cellular organisms to get & use Σ Fungi Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell Unicellular the whole organism is one cell Single-celled Unicellular Multicellular Many cells Specialized cells Fungi Reproduce - (make more to spread) 1. by spores asexual reproduction – make identical copy of self Fungi Reproduce - (make more to spread) 1. by spores asexual reproduction – make identical copy of self Fungi sexual reproduction – 2 parents – offspring has combo of traits variation – survival technique Fungi Fungi Reproduction Asexual Sexual in ideal conditions less favorable conditions faster, easier Better chances of being adapted to current conditions Outcome Outcome Identical organism Variety of traits in offspring Sexual Reproduction -Variation in offspring -Some are more likely to be better adapted Survival of the Fittest Sexual Reproduction -Variation in offspring -Some are more likely to be better adapted Survival of the Fittest Fungi Airborne Transmission imagine it like this Fungi Fungi attack plants & humans our food source Fungi that attack plants are competing with us for the food source / nutrition. Fungi Fungi attack plants & humans our food source Fungi that attack plants are competing with us for the food source / nutrition. Fungi Fungi attack plants & humans athletes foot Fungi Fungi treatment anti-fungal powders, sprays, creams Fungi Summary Eukaryotic cell multi-cellular Heterotrophs - eat other non-photosynthetic organisms to get & use Σ Reproduce asexually (spores) Reproduce sexually Airborne transmission Fungi attack plants & humans Protists // Parasites A variety of micro organisms cause disease Virus Bacteria Fungi Parasites Protist // Parasite Are Protists Feed on another individual (called the host) Live on or in their host’s body Highly specialized Reside in intestines, bloodstream or tissues Protist // Parasite Tape worm – affixes to small intestine has no digestive system absorbs nutrients thru its skin Protist // Parasite Protist // Parasite Protist // Parasite How you get parasites: eat foods that have parasites (well-done cooking kills them) Protist // Parasite “Well done, please” Protist // Parasite Protist // Parasite Protist // Parasite Attacks blood cells Can’t take in O2 Can’t make ATP (Σ) Protist // Parasite Malaria So many protists in blood cells – cause them to burst chills, fevers ulcers diarrhea Protist /Parasite Summary Feed on another individual (called the host) Live on or in their host’s body Highly specialized Reside in intestines, bloodstream or tissues Transmit from animal to human host Other Vocabulary Vectors - an insect or any living carrier that transmits an infectious agent.. Carrier - an individual who serves as host for an infectious agent but who does not show any apparent signs of the illness; may serve as a source of infection for others.