Transcript Technical Product Specification (TPS)

International organization for standardization
Organisation Internationale de Normalisation
Internationale Normenorganisation
ISO/TC 213/WG 17
Date:
Facilitation of GPS
implementation
Convenor:
E-mail:
http://www.ds.dk/isotc213
E-mail: [email protected]
Secretary:
E-mail:
2006-01-15
N
040 rev 4
Mr. Kim Spence
[email protected]
Mr. Brian Such
[email protected]
Prepared at
8th
meeting of ISO/TC 213/WG 17
January 2006Charlotte, USA
This header slide not intended for display
Technical Product Specification
A real solution
to
real industry needs.
Welcome
Presentation sponsored by:
ISO/TC 213 – Geometrical product specification
Developed by:
ISO/ TC 213/ WG 17 –
Facilitation of a global TPS system
Programme
In 4 modules
1.
2.
3.
4.
The ISO Technical Committees and their roles.
The case for International Standardization
What is GPS and why the model standard ?
The way forward
Module 1
The ISO Technical Committees
and their roles.
Introduction
This presentation seeks to promote awareness
of the second generation, GPS language
currently being developed by
ISO/ TC 213
Geometric product specifications
Introduction (continued)





Coordination between
ISO/TC 213 and other ISO committees working in
related areas, is essential.
TC 1, TC 4
*TC 10, TC 10/SC 1, TC 10/SC 6
TC 69,
TC 176, TC 176/SC 2, TC 176/SC 3
TC 184, TC 184/SC 4
*particular relationship with
ISO/TC 10 Technical product documentation
ISO/TC 10
All aspects of technical product documentation
 Coordinated and mutually consistent terminology
 Timely standards introduction to meet the needs
of new systems eg 3D CAD software
development

ISO/TC 213

Tool box - Coordinated system facilitating the
economic management of variability in products
and processes
– Reduce costs
– Effective communication
(designer – manufacturer – inspector)
– Improve "time to market" performance
– Enhance product quality
– Optimum allocation of resources
The
elements
of an
Engineering
Drawing
Introduction (summary)
TPD + GPS
=
TPS
Synergy
Mechanical Engineering
worldwide, needs the joint output
of these standards committees
more than ever.
Module 2
The case for
International standardization.
The case for International Standardization
World industry/ business scenario increasing tendency to apply:
out-sourcing/sub-contracting
 global manufacturing resource
 advanced manufacturing techniques
 advanced metrology techniques

With what objective?
To provide components of increasing
complexity at a commercially viable cost in
an environment that demands ever improved
“time to market”.

Internal technical needs
1.
universal language
2.
precise specification
Provided in a manner that improves access
and application
Give us the tools...
Technical Experts
in relevant ISO Standards Committees
have been busy providing the tools
... and we’ll finish the job!
ISO/TC 213/WG 17 experts have also been
developing a tool-box (model standard) to
facilitate take-up of the standards, simplify
identification of the appropriate tool
Application levels
Recent enquiry has shown that,
worldwide, the level of application is
only a fraction of what it should be
Drivers
»Increasing use of outsourcing
»Increasing use of automated production
»Growing reliance on analysis of the virtual
product
»Ongoing need for manufacturing cost reduction
»Increasing expectation of shorter time to market
»Modern metrology makes targeted specification
possible
Drivers!
Major market players
(e.g. National Defence Authorities)
in many parts of the world
are seeking
to enhance specification effectiveness
Application requires investment and
planning
For
training and retraining
For implementation
For system change
To varying degrees dependent upon starting level
But why make such an investment?
The financial case
The arguments
Potential to reduce scrap and rework costs
 Potential to reduce time delays - caused by
poor communication
 Potential to reduce quality incidents

– risk of disputes with and to lose customers
– reduce liability costs
Huge application potential
Global expenditure
on mechanical engineering activity
2003 survey result:
$14 trillion*
( including $25 billion
devoted to measurement activities )
Investment opportunity
Global manufacturing
sector expected to be stable
for at least the next ten years
Global problem
Specification inadequacy is the Achilles heel for
many of today’s technologically advanced
companies.
Tighter tolerances can often prove
phenomenally expensive to apply
Global solution
Newly developed functional tolerancing (GPS),
has the potential to reduce tooling, set-up and
manufacturing costs significantly and will
deliver improved “time to market” through
appropriate application of a comprehensive
technical product specification system
Module 3
What is GPS
and why the Model Standard?
An integrated system for product
specification founded on the principles
and practices of dimensioning and
tolerancing on a geometrical basis.
A real solution
to
real industry needs
and Geometrical Product Specification?
 Born
out of the need to improve
communication between:
» designers
» manufacturers
» metrologists
– by means of a common language with
common understanding
Developed through participation by a significant number of
the worlds industrial nations, under the headline of
ISO/TC 213
Basic (GPS) Framework
Function
Design brief
Designer
Real
workpiece
Specification
(drawing)
Inspection
output
Production
Engineer
Metrologist
Manufacturing
Inspection
Permits targeted application

Addresses everything from basic drawing rules and
formats to improved surface definition techniques

Use of any particular cross referenced standard,
applicable where relevant to the content of the TPS
So how can the implementation of
the model standard (toolbox)
assist in improving the situation?
The objective for the Model
Standard for TPS (toolbox)
To encourage and facilitate the
– implementation of the entire suite of TPS
standards by National Standards Bodies.
– integration of the TPS standards into industry.
The model standard
Provides a Comprehensive catalogue and route map to
ISO standards in TPS field.
–Reflects the relevant aspects of the design
definition process
–Links the related standards to process stages
–Identifies
»Normative elements
»Informative elements
The model standard (continued)
Provides:
 cross reference to 100 ISO standards
 traceability between relevant ISO standards from
main text and/or standard number
 a unified system requiring complete application
across industry
 a format that facilitates electronic presentation by
National Standards Bodies either in CD ROM or
On-Line (with relevant standards hyperlinked from
main text)
The model standard (continued)
Provides comprehensive, dynamic coverage

applicable to all presentation formats
e.g. 2D and 3D
focus on application of dimensioning and
tolerancing of Size, Geometry and Surface Texture
 also includes suggestion for document security and
electronic document management
 Clarifies the GPS principles

The Fundamental Principles
Underpinning
TPS
ISO 17450
The fundamental principles
The operator principle
 An operator defines a characteristic based upon
operations.
– Specification operators are formulated as virtual
measuring procedures.
– Verification operators define the sequence of
operations used during the measuring process.
The fundamental principles (continued)
The duality principle
SPECIFICATION
OPERATOR
VERIFICATION
OPERATOR
SKIN MODEL
REAL SURFACE
Geometrical representation
(infinite set of points)
Set of feature which
physically exists
OPERATION
OPERATION
−Partition
−Extraction
−Filtration
−Association
−Collection
−Construction
Difference
contributes
to
uncertainty
MEASURAND
Characteristics
specification
−Physical partition
−Physical extraction
−Filtration
−Association
−Collection
−Construction
MEASURED VALUE
Characteristics
evaluation
Comparison for
conformance
The fundamental principles (continued)
The default principle
 A complete specification operator can be indicated
by the most concise indication for the relevant
geometrical characteristic. This basic geometrical
specification constitutes the default definition of the
specification operator which may not be visible in
the TPD (see TS 17450 - 2).
The fundamental principles (continued)
The reference condition principle
 If not otherwise indicated in the TPD, the reference
temperature for the characteristics given in that TPD
is 20o C (see ISO 1).
The fundamental principles (continued)
The uncertainty principle
 Within this TPS system, three prime categories of
uncertainty are defined (TS 17450-2)
– Correlation uncertainty
(attributed to the designer)
– Specification uncertainty
(attributed to the designer)
– Measurement uncertainty
(attributed to the metrologist)
The fundamental principles (continued)
Where no prior agreement as to the application of
uncertainty exists, between two (or more) parties

where conformance with a specification is to be proven,
measurement uncertainty (U) reduces the specification to the
conformance zone at both tolerance limits and shall always
be applied in the interest of the customer purchasing the
part.

where non-conformance with a specification is to be proven,
measurement uncertainty (U) expands the tolerance at both
tolerance limits. Uncertainty of measurement shall always
be applied in the interest of manufacturer/ seller of the part.
If you want the benefits
make the investment
Purchase the standard
 Invest in the training
 Apply the system

Reap the rewards
Module 4
The way forward
It is obvious that possession of the
standards is not enough
To get the most out of the implemented model
standard, it is necessary that it be applied. To do
this companies will need:
A corporate training programme to assist practical
application
 Personal training focussed on company products
and existing specification problems
 Some form of mentoring to ensure application
remains to the requirements of the standard

How could this be achieved?
Investigate national/company needs in this area,
in the light of the points made in this
presentation.
 Encourage NSB and industry representative
groups to adopt GPS/TPD concepts through the
development of a National Standard based on
ISO TRXXXX.
 Implement programme of national/company
adoption.
 Promote and encourage national participation in
the ongoing programmes of work in ISO/TC 10
and TC 213.

Stimulate National Discussion
Establish

The current level of awareness of the Technical
Specification problems actually being experienced
in industry, at the present time.

Level of industry recognition of the benefits that
could accrue from the development /
implementation of a national applications standard,
embodying the 100 ISO standards.

Understanding of the advantages that could result
from (virtually) simultaneous implementation by
the widest possible cross-section of standards
bodies around the world.
Review education / training requirements :
Adequate training resource not readily available –
need to plan and source
 Consider the risk of doing nothing
 Recognise that this will not be a quick-fix
 Necessary to work towards the medium term

therefore

Essential to start an introduction process
immediately
Will industry support an implementation
scheme?
There is reason to believe that Industry/ business is
becoming aware that it has a problem in this area,
even if it doesn’t fully recognise the nature of the
problem
 There is an increase in the number of companies
seeking training , especially in the TPS area
 Where such schemes have been introduced, there is
evidence of rapid growth in participation

Beyond training:
recognition of TPS competence

Many companies claim to work to standards, but
are rarely challenged to substantiate the claim.

The concept of an accreditation / certification
programme could be appropriate in the long term.
Closing Point
Standards adoption
Implementing of the model standard as National
Standards by National Standards Bodies and their
full adoption by industry world wide will facilitate
the sharing of a uniform understanding of the
design intent of products, between specifiers and
verifiers (component suppliers, sub-contractors
and customers) around the world.
Thank you for your attention
Note:
Not intended as part of the presentation.
It is recommended that for audiences constituted primarily of technically oriented
individuals (practising designers, engineers, metrologists), additional modules
presenting information about the detailed technical aspects of the current TPS
standardization programme, should be added.
Information providing example of appropriate content for such modules can be
obtained on request to ISO/TC 213.