Transcript Slide 1

Seminar
Municipal Solid Waste Management
Asia-Pacific Experience Sharing
26 November 2005, Hong Kong
SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGY IN COPING
WITH THE MSW PROBLEM IN MALAYSIA
S.L. Tong
Association of Environmental Consultants &
Contractors of Malaysia (AECCOM)
www.aeccom.org.my; [email protected]
CONTENTS
I.
Current Status of MSW Management
in Malaysia
II.
Approach of the Government of
Malaysia for MSW Management
III. Selection of Thermal Treatment
Technology
IV. Operations & Maintenance
Consideration
I. Current Status of MSW Management
in Malaysia & MSW Characteristics
ROLE OF FEDERAL, STATE & LOCAL
GOVERNMENT IN MSW MANAGEMENT
• Federal Government:
– Ministry of Housing and Local Government
• Solid waste management funding and policy
development
– Department of Environment
• Environmental management and control
– Ministry of Health
• Developing programmes and guidance on MSW in
rural areas
• State Government:
– Policy and financial matters pertaining to
Local Authorities functions
• Local Authorities:
– Implementation agencies directly responsible
over solid waste collection, treatment and
disposal;
– Provided services direct by the Local
authorities or sub-contracted to the public
LEGISLATION RELATED TO MSW
MANAGEMENT
• No Federal and State Legislation that deals
specifically with all aspects of MSW
• Current legislations used to manage solid waste
nationwide:
– Local Government Act 1976
• By-laws: Refuse Collection, Removal and disposal By-Laws
to regulate the service
– Street Drainage and Building Act 1974
• Currently in process of new MSW legislation
PRESSING NEEDS OF SUITABLE FACILITIES
TO TREAT AND DISPOSE MSW
• Most acute in the capital city, the Federal
Territory of Kuala Lumpur (FTKL) and the
surrounding state of Selangor
• Waste generation estimates for 2004:
– For FTKL: 2,538 t/d
– For Selangor state: 3,600 t/d
Solid Waste Management
within the Federal Territory
of Kuala Lumpur (FTKL)
and the state of Selangor
Beroga
Present TTP Site (Beroga)
District/Municipal
Council
Location
Area
ha
Remaining
Capacity, tons
Factors Contributing to the Problem in
MSW Management in FTKL
• Relatively low level of allocation of funds
for upgrading and expanding MSW
treatment and disposal infrastructure;
• Delay in the federalisation and
privatisation of MSW services on a
national scale due to delay in appropriate
legislations; and
• Problems faced in acquiring land to site
treatment plants and disposal sites.
II. Approach of the Government of
Malaysia for Efficient MSW
Management
The Principles
The Approach
• Direct participation of Federal Government
(through the Ministry of Housing & Local
Government, MHLG) - regionalisation and
privatisation of MSW management services
• Reducing waste generation at source, recycling
and reuse of latent resources prevailing with the
discarded “waste” – projected to achieve 16% by
2025
• Multi-faceted treatment and disposal strategy:
– Sanitary landfill;
– Incineration; and
– Composting
Regional Multi-strategy MSW Plan for FTKL
and the State of Selangor (~ 1999/2000)
• An incineration facility (Thermal Treatment
Plant, TTP) to treat:
– MSW from FTKL
• A regional, large scale sanitary landfill as:
– Repository for remaining MSW generated from FTKL;
– Certain developed part of Selangor state;
– Residue produced by the TTP
• A transfer station to be built:
– To economise transportation of MSW generated from
FTKL to the regional TTP & landfill facility
Transfer Station for FTKL
• Built & owned by the City Hall of KL at the
northern part of FTKL, Taman Beringin
• Started operation: April 2002
• Capacity: 1,700 t/d
• Operated & maintained by: private
company – Alam Flora Sdn Bhd
A New Sanitary Landfill
• Delay in finalisation of location of the site
for more than 3 years
• Two sites were abandoned after Detailed
Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA)
were carried out
• Final selection in early 2005: at Bukit
Tagar, northern Selangor state, ~ 70 km
from Transfer station
III. Selection of MSW Thermal
Treatment Technology in Malaysia
Project Management Consultant for the
Thermal Treatment Plant Project
• Appointment by the Government of Malaysia
under the coordination of MHLG, since
1999/2000
• Project Management Consultant (PMC) team
comprising:
–
–
–
–
Yachiyo Engineering Co. Ltd, Japan as leader
Minconsult Sdn Bhd
HSS Integrated Sdn Bhd
Engineering and Environmental Consultants Sdn Bhd
Conceptual Design Study by PMC for the
Thermal Treatment Plant for FTKL
• Conceptual Design Study Report completed in
December 2000
• Planning framework:
– Target year: 2025
– Total waste generation: 3,433 t/d
– Recycling rate: 16%
– Waste for treatment & disposal: 2,900 t/d
• Thermal treatment plant: 1,200 t/d
• Regional Landfill site: >1,700 t/d
Selection of Technology
•
Criteria of treatment requirements:
– Maximum utilisation of resources and by-products,
namely recovery of useful metals, waste heat and
bottom ash utilisation
– Minimise the amount of final disposal materials in
safe manners
– To apply the most advanced and proven satisfactorily
treatment technology fulfilling the environmental
standards
• Two stage thermal treatment technology:
– Conventional technology + ash-melting furnace
– Gasification + ash-melting furnace
Important Features of Gasification &
Ash-melting Furnace Identified in Selection
1. It generates syngas with high calorific value to
melt residue produced
2. Less dioxin produced because of lower
temperature in gasification and higher
temperature in the melting furnace
3. No hazardous substance (dioxins and heavy
metals) would be leached from the molten slag
4. The slag can be used as construction material
5. Some TTP types can treat not only MSW,
but also liquids & sludge
6. Higher efficiency of heat recovery
7. Useful metals can be recovered
8. Energy consumption efficiency is less
compared to conventional incinerators
Comparison Study of Thermal
Treatment Technology
• Three types studied:
– Stoker furnace
– Stoker + ash-melting furnace
– Gasification + ash-melting furnace
See Table:
Selection of Gasification & Ash-melting
Furnace System
See Table
gasification-Ash Melting
Technology
Fluidized-bed
Gasification
furnace
Waste
Circular type
ash melting
furnace
Flue gas
550°C600°C
1350°C
Air
Gasifier
Sand
Material
Air
Air
Ash Melter
Slag
Detailed EIA for Proposed TTP for FTKL
(Main Channel of Public Participation)
• First DEIA for TTP to be located at Kampong
Bohol, FTKL – 2001/2002
– For MSW from FTKL only
– Decided to shift location in late 2002
• Second DEIA for TTP to be located at Beroga,
Selangor state – 2003/2004
– For 900 t/d of MSW from southern part of FTKL + 300
t/d of MSW from south-eastern part of Selangor state
– DEIA approved in mid 2004 and this clears the way
for implementation
Highlights of System to Be Built
• Fully under the responsibility of the Federal government
• To treat 1,200 t/d MSW
• To reduce the weight of as-received MSW by 95%
• To recover and recycle steel and aluminum components
• To make use of the latent heat for power generation:
IV. Operations & Maintenance
Consideration
• Management, operations and maintenance of
the TTP likely to be under priviatisation
arrangement to be undertaken by private
company
• Sources of income:
– Tipping fees
– Sales of electricity to the grid (up to RM0.17/kWh)
• Reference rate of tipping fees:
– Current rates for disposal to landfills: RM 35-50/t
Thank You!