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International Railway Safety Conference 2007
Goa, India
Risk-based Evaluations and Trends of Railway Casualty
Accidents on the National Railway of South Korea
30th September - 6th October
Chanwoo Park, Jongbae Wang, Yunok Cho, Hyukjin Yoon, Joonam Park
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Contents
I
Introduction
II
Development of Risk Assessment Model
III
Risk Assessment Results
IV
Conclusion
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1. Introduction
Railway Accident Classification in South
Korea
“The Railway Safety Act was established in 2004
The railway accident report regulation has been set up in 2006”
Railway Accident Classification by the Railway Accident Report Regulation
Railway
Traffic
Accident
Train
Operation
Delay
Accident
Railway
Safety
Accident
Disaster
Train Accident
Train collision accident, Train derailment accident, Train fire accident,
Other train accidents
Level Crossing
Accident
Railway Traffic
Casualty
Accident
Collision or contact between a train and a road vehicle on the railway level
crossing (excluding collision between a train and people)
Passenger casualty accident, Worker casualty accident, MOP casualty
accident (including collision between a train and people in level crossings)
Rolling stock derailment, Rolling stock damages, Rolling stock fire, Rolling stock
separation, Rolling stock rolling, Regulation violation such as SPAD, Railway track
failure, Electric supply system failure, Signal system failure, Rolling stock failure, etc
Railway safety casualty accident, Fire accident, Infrastructure/equipment accident,
Construction accident
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1. Introduction
Railway Casualty Accident
The railway casualty accident refers to …..
Casualty accidents in both railway traffic accidents and safety accidents
All kinds of accidents that cause Injuries of people on railway premises

Excluding train derailment, train collision, train fires/explosion

Excluding collision between a train and a road vehicle on the railway level crossing

Including suspected suicide

Including collision between a train and people in level crossings
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1. Introduction
Railway Casualty Accident Situation on the Main Line
Accident Frequency per Year
Fatalities and Weighted Injuries (FWI/Year)
Total Accident Frequency
1200
Casualty Accident Frequency
Total Accident Risk
Casualty Accident Risk
250
1100
1000
230
800
FWI
Frequecy
900
700
210
190
600
500
170
0.1 of a fatality for major injury
0.005 of a fatality for minor injury.
400
150
300
2000
2001
2002
2003
Y ear
2004
2005
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Y ear
“the number of casualty accidents occupies more than 50% of railway accidents
and 90% of the total risk of railway in South Korea.”
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1. Introduction
Research Objectives
Quantitative Risk Evaluation of Casualty Accidents for
Passengers, Railway Staffs and MOP (Member of public)
Risk Analysis
Frequency Analysis
Consequence Analysis
Interaction analysis between hazardous events and
hazardous condition
Hazard Identification / Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA)
WWW
Accident Analysis
Safety regulations,
Published sources
Accident related
reports
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2. Development of Risk Assessment Model
Risk Analysis Process
Causal Analysis
Loss
Analysis
Hazard
Identification
Consequence
Analysis
Options
Analysis
Impact
Analysis
Demonstration
Of ALARP and
Compliance
- Railtrack, Yellow Book 3: Fundamentals and Guidance, 2000 -
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2. Development of Risk Assessment Model
Overall Procedures
Hazard Identification
Defining the Initiating Hazardous Events
Development of Accident Scenarios
Railway Accident
Progress Scenarios
Hazardous
Events
FTA Model
ETA Model
Consequence
Analysis
Casual
Analysis
Railway Accident
Appearance Scenarios
Risk Assessment (Loss Analysis)
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2. Development of Risk Assessment Model
Initiating Hazardous Events
Railway
Category
Initiating Hazardous Events
People
struck/crushed
Railway Traffic
Casualty
Accident
Trip/Slip
Trip/slip during train boarding/alighting, Trip/slip by train emergency
braking/emergency start
Falling
Falling from train, Falling from platform during train boarding/alighting
Caught/Dragged
Others
People
struck/crushed
Trip/Slip
Falling
Railway safety
accident
Striking with train, Striking with objects
Caught/Dragged
Electric Shock
Burn
Suffocation
Others
Caught in a train door, Caught between platform and train
Electric Shock, Burn, Suffocation
Striking with rolling stock, Striking with objects
Trip/slip inside station premises, Trip/slip on track/level crossing,
Trip/slip inside rolling stock , Trip/slip at workplace
Falling from rolling stock, Falling from rolling stock roof, Falling during
elevated work, Falling from railway structure, Falling from platform
Caught in installations inside rolling stock, Caught in railway structure of
station, Caught in work equipment/objects
Electric shock in rolling stock and railway structure
Burn in rolling stock and railway structure
Suffocation in rolling stock and railway structure
Patient occurrence, Assault/threat, Discovery for casualties
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2. Development of Risk Assessment Model
Accident Appearance Scenario Structure
Hazardous
Event
Hazardous
Hazardous
Factor 1
Factor X
Human
Technical
Factors
Factors
Third
Party
Hazard
Detailed Hazardous Factors
Human
Technical
Factors
Factors
Third
Party
Hazard
Detailed Hazardous Factors
The number of ……

Hazardous events is 28.

Appearance scenarios including hazardous factors is 282.

Detailed hazardous factors is 47.

Accident appearance scenarios is 13,254.
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2. Development of Risk Assessment Model
Accident Appearance Scenario Example
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2. Development of Risk Assessment Model
Accident Progress Scenario Structure
Critical factors influencing accident severity
were identified in the accident progress scenarios”
Example of the Accident Progress Scenarios
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2. Development of Risk Assessment Model
Accident Analysis Information System
Railway Accident Analysis Information System
Statistical Analysis of
Accident/Incident Data
Accident Scenario
Creation/Management
Accident/Incident Analysis
1) railway operation data processing part; 2) accident/incident data processing part; 3) hazard list
management part; 4) hazardous event management part; 5) environment condition management
part; 6) safety measure management part; 7) statistical analysis part of accident/incident data; 8)
accident scenario creation/management part
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3. Risk Assessment Results
Railway Casualty Accident Data Analysis
Railway accident data for two years (2004 – 2005) on the main line of South Korea were analyzed.
In the case of rare events not available from accident data,
each risk were assessed using engineering judgments.
Average Frequency per year: 447.0
Total risk per year: 182.9
Injured People
Fatalities and Weighted Injuries (FWI)/Year
Values
Percentages
Passenger
53.0
29.0%
Member of public (MOP)
115.3
63.1%
Staff
14.5
7.9%
Total
182.8
100.0%
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3. Risk Assessment Results
Total Risk for Railway Casualty Accidents
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3. Risk Assessment Results
Average Frequency/yr for Hazardous Events
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3. Risk Assessment Results
Risk for Hazardous Events
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3. Risk Assessment Results
Risk for Train Striking Events
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3. Risk Assessment Results
Risk Profile
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4. Conclusion
Development of risk assessment model for the railway casualty accidents

Risk model based on the accident scenarios.

Totally 28 initiating hazardous events

Accident frequency assessment model using the FTA technique

Consequence estimation model using the FTA technique
Risk assessment for railway casualty accidents

Total overall risk per year: 182.9

Risk per year for passenger, MOP, and staff: 53, 115.3, 14.5

Risk of “people striking with train” event: 86.7%

Risk of “trespassers on the open tracks between stations” event: 49.2%
“First step in the risk assessment of railway casualty accidents in Korea
Application to the definition of the risk reduction measures”
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Thank you!
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