Transcript Modelovanje poslovnih procesa

Fakultet organizacionih nauka
Katedra za informacione sisteme
Modelovanje poslovnih procesa
Modelovanje procesa
i standardizacija
Nenad Aničić
Životni ciklus poslovnog procesa
Goals,
Evironmental
Analysis,
Organizational
Analysis
Process Models
Process
Evaluation
other reporting
purposes
Process
Metrics
Process
Enactment
Process
Metrics
Process
Monitoring
Process
Implementation
Implemented
Processes
Metrics,
Targets
Measure
-ments
Animation,
Simulation
Target Values
Measures for
Improvement
Process
Design
M. zur Muehlen: Workflow-based Process
Controlling, 2004
Organizacije koje se bave standardizacijom
modelovanja procesa
OMG: Object Management Group
WfMC: Workflow Management Coalition
BPMI: Business Process Management Initiative
OASIS: Organization for the Advancement of
Structured Information Standards
(+ UN/CEFACT)
W3C: World Wide Web Consortium
Akademske ustanove
Modelovanje poslovnih procesa
pregled specifikacija
BPDM: Business Process
Definition Metamodel by OMG
BPEL4WS: Business Process
Execution Language for Web
Services by OASIS
BPML: Business Process
Modeling Language by BPMI
BPMN: Business Process
Modeling Notation by BPMI
BPSS: Business Process
Specification Schema by OASIS
+ UN/CEFACT
EPML: EPC Markup Language by
academia
OWL-S by academia
PNML: Petri Net Markup
Language by academia
UML ActD by OMG
WS-CDL: WS-Choreography
Description Language by W3C
WSCI: WS Choreography
Interface by W3C
WSCL: WS Choreography
Language by Hewlett-Packard
WSFL: WS Flow Language by
IBM
XLANG by Microsoft
XPDL: XML Process Definition
Language by WfMC
BPDM
BPEL4WS
BPML
BPMN
BPSS
EPML
OWL-S
PNML
UML Act.D.
WS-CDL
WSCI
WSCL
WSFL
XLANG
XPDL
Poredjenje specifikacija
Task I/O
Task Address
Quality Attributes
Protocol
Control Flow
Data Handling
Instance Identity
Roles
Events
Exceptions
Transactions
Graphic Position
Statistical Data
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Mendling et al.: A Comparison of XML
Interchange Formats for BPM, 2004
BPMI.org vizija
Akteri:
Poslovno okruženje
Svrha:
Strategy Consultants
Business Analysts
Process Designers
System Architects
BPMN
Modelovanje
Fokus  BP Obuhvat 
BPEL
Izvršavanje
Software Engineers
Implementacione tehnologije
BPMN
Business Process Modeling Notation
BPMN omogućava definisanje i
razumevanje internih i eksternih poslovnih
procedura preduzeća opisanih preko
dijagrama poslovnih procesa (Business
Process Diagram). BMNP omogućava u
okviru internog modela generisanje
izvršnog BPEL4WS.
BPMN
Osnovni skup grafičkih elemenata
Osnovni skup
koncepata omogućava
lak prikaz poslovnih
procesa koji je blizak
poslovnim analitičarima
(flowchart diagram)
BPMN - dogadjaji
Dogadjaj (event) je
nešto što se “dešava”
prilikom realizacije
poslovnog procesa. Ovi
dogadjaji utiču na tok
procesa i imaju okidač
ili neki rezultat. Mogu
inicirati, prekinuti ili
zaustaviti tok procesa.
BPMN - aktivnosti
Aktivnost je posao
(akcija) koji se izvršava
u okviru procesa.
Može biti atomska ili
složena (compound).
Tipovi aktivnosti su :
Process, Sub-Process,
and Task.
BPMN – podprocesi
Podproces
(složena aktivnost)
može biti prikazan u
eksenzivnom obliku
kojim se prikazuje
niži nivo skupa
aktivnosti.
BPMN konektori
Konektor “Sequence
flow” se koristi za
definisanje redosleda
izvršavanja aktivnosti u
okviru procesa.
Konektor “Message
Flow” se korisiti za
prikaz tokova poruka
izmedju dva entiteta
koja pripremaju i
primaju poruku.
Konektor “Association”
se korisiti za pridruživanje
informacija i činjenica sa
tokom objekata.
BPMN – kontrolni čvorovi
Kontrolni čvorovi
(Gateways) su
elementi dijagrama
koji se koriste pri
definisanju kako se
tokovi aktivnosti
razdvajaju ili
spajaju u okviru
procesa.
BPMN – plivačke staze
“Pool” su grafički
kontejneri za razdvajanje
skupa aktivnosti, najčešće u
B2B kontekstu.
Plivačke staze su
podelementi (particije) u
okviru “pool” elementa,
prikazani vertikalno ili
horizontalno.
BPMN - pomoćni elemeti
(artifacts)
Objekti podataka
obezbedjuju informacije o
tome kako dokumeti,
podaci i ostali objekte se
koriste i menjaju u okviru
procesa.
Annotations je mehanizam
za specificiranje dodatnih
informacija za “čitaoce”
BPMN diagrama.
Grupa obezbedjuje
mehanizam za vizuelno
grupisanje elemenata.
BPMN primer - Normalan tok
BPMN primer B2B modelovanja
BPMN – obrada izuzetaka
Dogadjaj pridružen
aktivnosti definiše okidač
kojim se može prekinuti
aktivnost. Svi poslovni u
okviru aktivnosti biće
stopirani i tok će se
nastaviti od dogadjaja.
Okidač može biti vremenski
ili neki izuzetak.
BPMN transkacije i obrade
otkaza
Transakcija je aktivnost koja se
predstavlja duplim okvirom. Ove
aktivnosti su podržane nekim
transakcionim porotokolom kao što je
na primer WS-Transaction.
Normalno izvršavanje prestavlja tok
uspeđnog izvršavanja procesa.
Dogadjaj “Cancel Intermediate
Event” predstavlja alternativni tok
izvršavanja pri prekidu.
Dogadjaj “Exception Intermediate
Event” predstavlja alternativni tok
izvršavanja pri otkazu sistema.
Aktivnosti koje se koriste za
komezaciju su izvan normalnog toka
izvršavanja.
BPMN primer složenog procesa
Primer preslikavanja izmedju
BPMN i BPEL4WS
<process name="EMailVotingProcess">
<!-- The Process data is defined first-->
<sequence>
<receive partnerLink="Internal" portType="tns:processPort"
operation="receiveIssueList“ variable="processData"
createInstance="Yes"/>
<invoke name="ReviewIssueList" partnerLink="Internal"
portType="tns:internalPort" operation="sendIssueList"
inputVariable="processData“ outputVariable="processData"/>
<switch name="Anyissuesready">
<!-- name="Yes" -->
<case condition="bpws:getVariableProperty(ProcessData,NumIssues)>0">
<invoke name=“DiscussionCycle“ partnerLink="Internal"
portType="tns:processPort" operation=“callDiscussionCycle"
inputVariable="processData"/>
<!– Other Activities not shown -->
<!--name="No" -->
</case>
<otherwise>
<empty/>
</otherwise>
</switch>
</sequence>
</process>
Event-Driven Process Chains
(EPC) – SAP
Start
EPC Symbols
Events
Receive
Book Order
Event
Order
received
Functions
Function
Check
Credit
Rating
Rating
positive
Rating
negative
Write Bill
Reject
Order
Bill written
Order
rejected
Wrap Book
Book
wrapped
Send Book
Book sent
Process Interface
Connectors
Control Flow Arc
AND Split
AND Join
Procesi i Workflow
Ručno izvršavanje
procesa
Receive
Book Order
Automatizacija
20 min
Check Credit
Rating
0 min
Reject Order
5 min
Check Credit
Rating
15 min
Write Bill
Procesa
Receive
Book Order
Reject Order
0 min
1 min
Write Bill
20 min
Wrap Book
5 min
Send Book
5 min
Wrap Book
5 min
Send Book
Workflow pregled
Dizajner
procesa
Analiza poslovnog procesa,
Alati za modelovanje i definisanje
Definicija
procesa
Izvršavanje procesa
Administrator
/ Supervizor
Izmena
procesa
Workflow Management System
Distributed Infrastructure Environment
Prezentacija
posla
Korisnici
Pokretanje
Aplikacije
Aplikacije
i IT Alati
Dizajn procesa
i definicija
WfMC –
Workflow Referentni model
Alati za
definisanje procesa
Interfejs 1
Interfejs 5
Dedfinicije procesa Uvoz/Izvoz
Drugi Workflow
servisi
Workflow Servis
Alati za
administraciju i
monitoring
Workflow
Engine(s)
Interfejs 2
Klijent Obrada
Apl. radnoglista
Workflow
Engine(s)
Interfejs 3
Interfejs 4
- Interoperabilnost
Tool Agent
Druge
Aplikacije
Legacy,
Desktop, etc
WfMC Specifikacije
Process Definition
Tool / Task
Resource Model
Interface
Process Definition
Interface
creates /
modifies
may
refer to
Organisational Model
Process Definition
is instantiated by
may
refer to
create,
destroy
modify
External
S/W object
Process & Activity
Control / Interoperability
Interface
Workflow
Manager
create &
destroy
may use
generates
Workflow
Relevant Data
may invoke
inherits
properties
Process Instance
processed by
Worklist
Handler
presented
for action by
Participant
maintain
audit
trail
Process Instance
History
provides
invocation
context
Workflow Enactment
Service
Work Item
Worklist
Handler I/F
Audit Specifications
may
set
Tool Agent
Application
Application
Invocation I/F
may
invoke
1. Workflow Manager may be distributed, but is
assumed to maintain consistent internal state
2. Scope of a Process Definition is the enactment service
WorkFlow standardi i jezici
WPDL (Workflow Process Definition Language) - WfMC
XPDL (XML Workflow Process Definition Language) – WfMC
BPMN (Business Process Modelling Notation) - BPMI
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BPML (Business Process Modelling Language)
BPQL (Business Process Query Language)
BPSS (Business Process Specification Schema) – ebXML
BPDL (Business Process Describing Language) – Stefan Heberl
EPC (Event-Driven Process Chains) – SAP
ICN (The Information-Control Nets)
UML 2.0
WSCL (Web Services Composition Languages)
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XLANG – (Web Services for Business Process Design) – Microsoft
WSFL (Web Services Flow Language) – IBM
BPEL4WS (Business Process Execution Language for Web Services)
WSCI – (Web Services Choreography Interface) - Sun, BEA, Intalio and SAP
WS-CDL (Web Services Choreography Description Language) – W3C
WSCL (Web Services Conversation Language)
Web Bond – Georgia State University
XML Standardi
XML Schema & DTD

Opis i pakovanje podataka
RDF, RDFS, OWL

Definisanje resursa i semantike podataka
Soap
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Osnovno pakovanje i slanje poruka
Proširenja za Soap-RPC sa WSDL
Može se proširiti za podršku kolaborativnih poruka
Web Services Choreography
Description Language WS-CDL
Globalni pogled na ponašanje skupa
Web servisa
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Modelovanje koreografije
Centralizovan, top-down pristup
Proces koji se ne izvršava
Lokalne koreografije mogu biti
generisane uz pomoć WS-CDL, kao i
okvir (skeleton) za orkestraciju
WS-CDL – način korišćenja
ebXML Arhitektura
Business
Process
Context For
Business
Messages
Built With
Core Data
Blocks
Register
Implement one
Partner Role
CPP
Business
Service
Interface
Internal Business
App
BP
Specification
Dizajn
Implement other
Partner Roles
CPA
CPP
Transport
Business
Service
Interface
Package
Runtime
Internal Business
App
ebXML & OMG-EDOC
Enterprise Distributed Object Computing
ebXML
EDOC
Enterprise
Integration
Transport
Distribution
Collaboration
Repository
Process Model
Components
Information
Model
Runtime
MDA
Stadardni za kolaboraciju
EDOC-ECA
ebXML-BPSS
Business Collaborations
Yes – Community Process
Yes – Multi Party Collaboration
Contract of Interaction
Yes – Protocol with Choreography
& Object Interface
Yes – Binary Collaboration with
Choreography and Business
Transactions
Content Model
Yes – Document Model
Uses external forms, such as XML
Schema
Recursive Composition
Yes – Recursive Composition into
Enterprise
No – Only “B2B”
Detail sufficient to drive
communications
No – Requires technology mapping
Yes – As ebXML transport. BPSS
includes timing and security
parameters.
Computing Models
Supported
Internet document exchange,
entities, business processes,
objects and events
Internet document exchange
Elementi EDOC-a
Enterprise Collaboration Architecture (PIM)
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Component Collaboration Architecture
Business Process Specification
Entities
Business Events
Patterns
Technology Mapping (PSM – in progress)
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Flow Composition Model (Messaging)
EJB & Corba Components
ebXML
.NET
Others…
MAPPING – Precise models are source code
Implementacija poslovnih
procesa
BPMN
BPEL4WS
Event-Driven Process
Chains (EPC)
UML
Process
Design
Petri Nets
XPDL
Process
Implementation
Event-Driven Process Chains
(EPC) - SAP
Start
EPC Symbols
Events
Receive
Book Order
Event
Order
received
Functions
Function
Check
Credit
Rating
Rating
positive
Rating
negative
Write Bill
Reject
Order
Bill written
Order
rejected
Wrap Book
Book
wrapped
Send Book
Book sent
Process Interface
Connectors
Control Flow Arc
AND Split
AND Join
Koncepti u BPEL4WS

Partner Links:
 Bilateral conversation (my Role, Partner
Role)
 Interface requirements of partners

Data and messages:
 Variables
 Properties
 Correlation Set

Activities:
 Basic Activities
 Structured Activities (control flow)
BPEL4WS primer
flow
sequence
Price
Calculation
Send Shipping
Price
Receive
Invoice
sequence
Receive
Purchase
Order
Decide on
Shipper
Assign
sequence
invoke
reply
Reply
Process
Invoice
Complete Prod.
Scheduling
Initiate Production
Scheduling
receive
Receive
Schedule
assign
link
Andrews et al.:
BPEL4WS 1.1., 2003
Process Design and
Implementation
BPMN
BPEL4WS
Event-Driven Process
Chains (EPC)
UML
Process
Design
Petri Nets
XPDL
Process
Implementation
Petrijeve mreže - koncepti
Places za definisanje stanja procesa
Transitions za definisanje promene
stanja
Arcs za definisanje kontrolnog toka
Tokens za definisanje trenutnog
stanja
Petrijeve mreže - primer
Price
Calculation
i
Receive
Purchase
Order
Assign
Initiate Production
Scheduling
Send Shipping
Price
Decide on
Shipper
Receive
Invoice
Receive
Schedule
Complete Prod.
Scheduling
Reply
Process
Invoice
o
Dizajn i implementacija
procesa
BPMN
BPEL4WS
Event-Driven Process
Chains (EPC)
UML
Process
Design
Petri Nets
XPDL
Process
Implementation
XPDL koncepti
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Standard definisan od starne Workflow
Management Coalition - WfMC
Koristi se u open source workflow engine
OBE
Workflow definisan preko aktivnosti i
tranzicija
Uključeni su učesnici, aplikacije i podaci
XPDL primer
Create
EMail
Account
a6
t4
Grant
access
rights
a8
t13
Assign
phone
extension
a7
t25
Configure
computer
t3
a5
Allocate
user ID
a4
t18
Enter salary
details
a9
<WorkflowProcesses>
<WorkflowProcess AccessLevel="PUBLIC"
Id="new-employee" Name="New Employee">
<Activities>
<Activity Id="a5" Name="Allocate user ID">
<Implementation>
<Tool Id="createNetworkUser" Type="PROCEDURE">
<ActualParameters>
...
</ActualParameters>
</Tool>
</Implementation>
<Performer>IT</Performer>
<StartMode><Automatic/></StartMode>
<FinishMode><Automatic/></FinishMode>
<TransitionRestrictions>
<TransitionRestriction>
<Split Type="AND">
<TransitionRefs>
<TransitionRef Id="t3"/>
<TransitionRef Id="t4"/>
<TransitionRef Id="t13"/>
<TransitionRef Id="t25"/>
<TransitionRef Id="t18"/>
</TransitionRefs>
</Split>
</TransitionRestriction>
</TransitionRestrictions>
</Activity>
...
</Activities>
<Transitions>
<Transition From="a5" Id="t3" Name="Transition" To="a6"/>
...
Standardizacija
modelovanja poslovnih procesa
Zaključak
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Heterogenost standarda za modelovanje
poslovnih procesa je i dalje problem
Veliki broj standarda koji se preklapaju
Predlog standarda je najčešće diktiran od
strane velikih proizvođača softvera
Analiza semantike je veoma važno pitanje
u svim standardima
Literatura
www.omg.org
www.w3c.org
www.oasis-open.org
www.bpmi.org