Transcript Binghamton University

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
An Overview
Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science
Binghamton University, State University of New York
Binghamton, NY 13902
May 2012
Department Research Areas
Controls & Laser Comm
V. Nikulin
V. Skormin
E. Wu
Info Security
Y. Chen S. Craver
J. Fridrich V. Skormin
D. Summerville
Computer Design
Y. Chen
Z. Jin A. Carpenter
D. Summerville
DSP & Comm
M. Fowler
E. Li
S. Zahorian
VLSI, Micro- &
Opto-Electronics
S. Choi D. Klotzkin A. Rastogi
C. Twigg
2/24Next
Aaron Carpenter
• Computer architecture & VLSI design
 Explore impact of new/emerging technologies on
microprocessor design
 Focus on the development of efficient chip-multiprocessors
 Design and evaluate on-chip network topologies
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Sustainable Harvesting and Treatment Energy Reduction in
Waste Water Treatment Plants
Yu Chen, Christopher Twigg, Omowunmi Sadik
 Efficient energy harvesting from wastewater treatment process
 Adaptive power conditioning circuitry using Field Programmable Analog
Array (FPAA) devices
 Self-powered Wireless Sensor Network for real-time, un-interrupted
monitoring for waterwater treatment plants to reduce energy consumption
User Centric Attestation and Trust (U-CAT) in
Android Mobile Cloud Computing Environment
 A collaborative research conducted with Air Force Research Lab and faculties from 7 other
universities, Yu Chen is the PI of this project.
 U-CAT aims at deeper understanding of human roles in mobile Cloud security operations
 Research focus on Android Cloud platform and user-centric Android security applications
for secure communication, user/device trust, data transmission and storage, sensitive
information management services in heterogeneous cloud environments
BioMEMS & Bioelectronics Lab.
Assistant Professor Seokheun (Sean) Choi
The Choi group is interested in doing research at the
interface of engineering and biology. We engineer
BioMEMS and microfluidics to develop cutting-edge
technologies for chemical/biological analysis and energy
harvesting.
Currently, we are focusing primarily on
development of MEMS-based cancer biosensors and
microbial fuel cells.
[ G. Sulfurreducens generating current ]
BioMEMS/Microfluidics
Point-of-care Biochips
Biofuel Cells
Experimental Descrambler--Craver
Fowler - Inference Centric Data Compression
 Networked Sensors Collect Large Quantity of Data
 Efficiently Share to Make Inferences (Estimations & Decisions)
 Novel Approach: Balance Conflicts between Multiple Inferences
 Many Application Areas:
 Networked Drones (Locate Radiating Targets – cell phones, radars, etc.)
 Sensor Networks: Strewn on Battlefield, Smart Buildings, Etc.
Estimation Error
 Sensors in “Smart Grid” Power Distribution System
Std. Method
5x
5x
Our Method
Compression Ratio
Fowler – RF Location in Difficult Environments
 Traditional Methods Can’t Cope with Challenging Propagation
 Using New Theory of Sparsity to Develop New Methods
 Indoor Localization… for Assistive Healthcare
 Indoor Localization… of Mobile Phones
 Localization of Medical RF Implants


“Motorola, Nokia and RIM to
battle Google over indoor
location market,” Forbes , 22
December 2011
Wireless Capsule Endoscopy to visualize and diagnose the human GI tract
Real-Time Tumor Tracking for Accurate Radiation Therapy
Classical Method
Location Error (cm)
New Non-Sparse
Severe Multipath Scenario
Our
Sparse
Method
SNR (dB)
Path-Dependent
Prop. Speed
Digital forensics-Fridrich
• Can we tell if a digital image (or video) was taken by a specific camera?
• Can we identify the brand?
• Is it possible to reveal digitally manipulated images?
• Can we tell when a picture was taken?
Sensor fingerprint
• BU researchers pioneered a revolutionary
method to answer these questions.
• Sensors are not perfect – not all pixels are
created equal.
• Pixel defects form pattern noise that is unique to
each sensor – camera fingerprint
• FBI forensic analysts use this technology in court
CCD
sensor
Detail of sensor
fingerprint (enhanced
for visualization)
Zhanpeng Jin — Cyber-Med Laboratory
 Current Research Projects
 Trustworthy and Intelligent Medical Monitoring and Diagnostic




Platform
Assured Telemedicine in a Cloud Environment
Self-Healing and Self-Optimizing Neuromorphic Chips
Smart Indoor Location Positioning for Assistive Healthcare
Fast and Precise Localization of In-body Medical Implants
 Future Broad Research Vision
 Medical Cyber Physical Systems
 Reliability, security, and safety of medical systems
 Energy-efficient, flexible, and cost-effective devices for quality
healthcare and well-being
Klotzkin Research Areas
 Applied Optoelectronics, including
 Semiconductor lasers
 Fluorescence detection
 Improved LED lighting
Quantum dot laser characteristics
Polarization-filtered fluorescence system
AR Coating for LED lighting
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Xiaohua (Edward) Li
Associate Professor
Research Interests & Current Projects
 Ecological wireless communication networks
 Project: Coexistence of heterogeneous cognitive radio
networks -- Funded by NSF
 Use population dynamic models and evolutionary game
theory models (from theoretical ecology area) to study
coexistence of primary & secondary users, legacy & new
strategies, and spectrum access policies
 Future extension to


Cognition and intelligence
Smart grid, complex networks
 Wireless information assurance from physical layer
security
 Project: Anti-jamming cognitive radio networks – was
supported by AFRL (summer visiting & SBIR)
 Study the anti-jamming capability and design of cognitive
radio networks which are thought to be extremely
susceptible to jamming attacks
Situational-aware CRN
Cognitive Radio
Network
and
Attackers
 Future extension to

Insider Attacks:
Jamming,
Intrusion, etc
Hardware (DSP/FPGA)
Outsider Attacks:
Jamming, etc
Mitigate threats
Insider
Attacker
Outsider
Attacker
CRN with RF-Enhanced
Security
 Signal processing in communications
 Project: Distributed OFDM transmissions without carrier-
frequency and timing synchronization -- working jointly
with some AFRL people

Develop algorithms that can mitigate carrier frequency and timing
synchronization errors, which are ritically needed in cooperative
transmission, relay, virtual MIMO system, network coding, etc
 Project: Wireless network coding
 Project: Fundamental capacity and performance of multi-
hop wireless networking
Free-space optical/quantum communication--Nikulin
Objective: Analyze propagation of quantum-encrypted signals in random
media, such as turbulent atmosphere.
Key Ideas: Analysis of beam propagation is combined with quantum
decryption approaches.
Challenges: Turbulent atmosphere creates spatial and temporal fields of the
refractive index, resulting in chaotic perturbations to the optical phase fronts
and affects detection capabilities of the systems with phase-based encryption
Instantaneous wave
front realization
Alpha-Eta KCQ system is
adopted for analysis and
coherent measurements
Holographic Solar Concentrators--Nikulin
Key Ideas: The flexible glass based substrate will support photovoltaic (PV)
modules and selectively harvest infrared and ultraviolet radiation, simultaneously
reducing PV operating temperatures and converting the undesirable heat generating
photons into useful electrical energy in a specially designed TEC structure.
Solar energy scavenging system
Low cost holographic gratings patterned
on the flexible glass, can be used to
perform spectral filtering of the sunlight.
The substrate will serve as planar
waveguide and concentrator to remove
heat generating UV and IR photons from
the module and building.
A multi-spectral holographic converter can
be utilized as the upper layer for a
traditional silicon PV panel or UV/IR
blocking layer on a window pane. Heatgenerating photons can be concentrated
onto integrated thin film thermoelectric
modules to scavenge additional energy
Research By ECE Faculty at CASP
Earth abundant material solar cells
 Low cost, thin film solar cells
on flexible substrates using
nano-technologies and earth
abundant non-toxic materials
Flexible and nano-solar cells
 Roll-to-roll process abilities
TiO2
using non vacuum & mostly
green process techniques
 Solid state supercapacitors
for energy storage integrated
with integrated with solar cells
for autonomous solar power
contact
Cu2S
CdTe
TCO Electrode
Flexible polymer
light
Flexible and integrated supercapacitors
Packaging
Primary
electrode-2
Printed
Coated
electrolyte
substrate
Patterned
Primary
electrdoe-1
Supercapacitor Energy Storage Research
Defining a New Paradigm in Solar Energy Storage and Delivery for
in the Context of Emerging New Applications of Solar PV Systems
Flexible supercapacitors
Areas of Research
• Development of multifunctional nano-architectures with
polymeric & engineered materials for supercapacitors
• Build a sizable capacity to meet peak electricity
demand that cannot be met by solar modules alone
• Development of supercapacitor arrays integrated
with large area thin film flexible solar module
Integrated architecture
POLYMER X
AUTO-POLYMER
III
POLYMER
POLYMER
POLYMER
POLYMER
POLYMER
• Development of Integration system electronics
package
PET
PET Foil
Foil
Cr-Cu
Cr-Cu 100nm
100nm film
film
Graphite
Graphite Coat
Coat
Ppy+MnO2
Ppy+MnO2 electrode
electrode
Polymer
Polymer electrtolyte
electrtolyte
Power Industry (Conventional and Nuclear Power Plants, Power Grid) is highly vulnerable to a novel,
emerging types of information attacks: TARGETED ATTACKS
Development of Computer Network Defenses for Power Industry is an increasingly important research
direction
EXISTING RESEARCH IN THIS AREA: V. SKORMIN - CURRENT PROJECT
“SEMANTIC APPROACH TO BEHAVIOR-BASED IDS AND ITS APPLICATIONS”
$2.3M (2012 – 2015, AFOSR)
INTERNET
Control
Electronics
(SCADA, PLC)
Central
Computer
Distorted
control
signals
Servo
mechanisms
Destructive Actions
Covert Hardware: Detection of covert modifications
to digital circuits--Summerville
Problem: Malicious hardware can be hidden inside of a
circuit via selective optimization, allowing production of
covert Trojans that are highly resistant to detection.
Objective: Research methods for the
detection of malicious optimizations,
and thus covert Trojans.
Approach: Mathematically model the
methods applied by a well-intentioned
optimization algorithm. Develop criteria
by which malicious optimizations can be
identified.
Outcome:
Mathematically-proven methodology for the
reliable, automated identification of covert
hardware in an optimized circuit.
Large-Scale Reconfigurable and Programmable Analog / Mixed-Signal--Twigg
+
-
Enables rapid development of
analog / mixed-signal circuits and
system, instead of months/years.
Significant power savings are
achievable using analog!
Research Interests – Eva Wu
 Long term research
 Fault tolerant control systems
 Most recent focus: cost-effective solutions to preventing and mitigating
blackouts in the electric power grid
 Challenges
 Growing stress in the North American transmission system
 Uncertainties due to the penetration of intermittent energy sources
 Opportunities (unique to my eyes)
 Gradual entry of fast control devices (FACTS) and high sample rate
measurement devices (PMUs)
 Flexible grid-connection modes of micro-grids
 My approach to answering the challenges:
 Devise the most cost-effective and reliable real-time control strategies that
exploit the above opportunities to prevent and mitigate major blackouts
 Progress reported in recent publications
 Criteria and solutions to placement of new PMUs (Phasor Measurement Units)
into the grid
 Development of real-time control strategies to tolerate disturbances due to
transmission line faults using SVCs (Static VAR Compensators)
Automatic Speech Recognition
Research by Stephen Zahorian
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Original Spectrogram
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Speech waveform
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*Funded Projects:
• Detailed phonetic labeling
• Tonal language recognition
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ECE Labs
 Research Labs (E&S) (Shared Labs)
 Media Core
 Survivable Computing Core
 Network Security Core
 System Sciences
 Physical Electronics
 Instructional Labs
 Computer Engineering Lab in Engineering Building
 Electronics Lab in Library, Ground Floor
25/24
Research Summary 2010-2011
 6 books/ book chapters
 14 refereed journal articles
 49 national/international conference publications
 1.9 million in externally-funded research expenditures
 1.8 million in new research awards
 9 patents, $127k patent revenue since 2000
Some Research Applications
Information/network/
hardware security
Healthcare
Energy and Power
Robotics
27/24
Recent/Ongoing Activities in Information and
Cyber Security
 I3P application—Craver/Gopalan—submitted, Apr 23, 2012
 LOI for Masters in Cyber Security—Craver/Gopalan—just
submitted to Nancy Stamp
 NSF proposal to aid cyber security education– PI, Chen,
submitted, Apr, 2012
 NSA certification—Skormin/Gopalan—In progress
 AFRL effort—Combining nano and cyber--Skormin--In
progress
Activities in Power/Energy
 Roger Westgat--part-time ECE faculty member, director of
CASP.
 Alok Rastogi--thin film solar cells and integration of solar
cells with ultra-capacitors
 David Klotzk--anti-reflective coatings to improve operation
of solar cells and LED lights
 Eva Wu--adapting controls work to apply to smart grid control
strategies
 Victor Skormin--power grid security
 Vlad Nikulin--modern electric drives
7/7/2015
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Activities in Health Care
 Two recent faculty additions in this area
 Zhanpeng Jin--cyber-med, medical monitoring
 Soekheun Choi--bio-mems, bio-electronics
 Signal processing related
 Mark Fowler--DSP for “localization” for healthcare
applications
 Stephen Zahorian--speech signal processing for computer
aided speech training
7/7/2015
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