Transcript End Violence against Women and Girls

End Violence Against
Women and Girls
Sue Ingram/Sheela Udeshi
The Home Office Definition
• Convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination
against women (CEDAW) adopted in 1979 by the UN General
Assembly
– ‘Violence that is directed against a woman because she
is a woman or that affects women disproportionately.’
• In addition, the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence
against Women states, this includes:
– ‘…any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is
likely to result in, physical, sexual psychological harm or
suffering to women including threats of such acts, coercion
or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public
or private life.
Definition contd…
• Violence against women and girls includes
both psychological and physical harm
• Threats, coercion or arbitrary deprivation
• Public and private life - wider remit
• Recognises women as victims in majority
cases
• Gender-based violence
• Does not exclude male victims
Different forms
8 strands
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Domestic Abuse/Violence
Sexual Violence & Rape
Stalking & Harassment
Honour based violence
Forced marriage and child marriages
Female gentile mutilation
Sexual exploitation -including prostitution,
pornography and trafficking
Cost of Violence against
Women
• Costs society £40 billion each year
• Government research estimates the direct cost to the
economy of domestic violence alone in England &
Wales in one year is £6 billion
• In addition, the human & emotional cost is estimated
at £17billion (Walby, The Cost of Domestic Violence, 2004)
• The cost of sexual offences in a year is estimated to
be £8.46 billion, with each rape costing an estimated
£76,000
Domestic Abuse
• Domestic abuse is defined as any incident of
threatening behaviour, violence or abuse
(psychological, physical, sexual, financial or
emotional) between adults who are, or have
been partners or family members, regardless
of gender or sexuality.
• Crimes committed in the name of honour,
forced marriage and female genital mutilation
are also considered acts of domestic abuse
In Warwickshire
• Definition includes FM, HB, FGM, Family members
• Service specification eligibility aged 16 and over
includes Male, BME disabled and LGBT victims
• Volume crime causing significant harm
• Cuts across all communities but surrounded by
secrecy and shame
• We have achieved a lot but still….
• Need to raise awareness, reduce acceptance,
increase access and provide specialist support
• Economic climate of cutbacks not growth
Sexual violence and Rape
• Unwanted sexual attention including child
sexual abuse, rape, assault organised and
ritual abuse, pornography or prostitution
• Crime survey 1 in 20 raped since age of
16
• 1 in 10 experience sexual victimisation
Stalking and Harassment
• No legal definition
• Types of stalking: Repeated unwanted
communications
• Unwanted intrusion
• Common with separation fixation
• Perpetrators power and control
• Increased risk of harm and murder
• Guidance under Harassment Act
Stalking and Harassment
• British crime survey 1 in 20 experience
stalking
• Majority stalkers known to victims
• 80% male perpetrators although either
gender
• All backgrounds
• Multiple and repeated experience before
reporting
• Stalking and mental illness?
Honour Based Violence
• A crime or incident which has or may
have been committed to protect or
defend the honour of the family and or
community
• Perpetrators can be family members
• No family counselling
• One chance rule
Forced Marriage
• Marriage conducted without the full and
free consent of both parties where
duress is a factor
• Breach of Human rights
• Difference between Forced Marriage
and arranged
• Why force?
FGM
• FGM the range of procedures which involve
the partial or complete removal of the
external female genital or other injury to the
female genital organs whether for cultural or
any other non-therapeutic reason
• Girls ages between infancy and 15
• 66,000 cases in UK 2001 but underestimate
increase in immigration
Sexual Exploitation-Prostitution
• Difficult to define.
• May include the provision of sexual services in
exchange for some form of payment, such as
money, drink, drugs or consumer goods or even a
bed and a roof over one's head for a night.
• In some cases there may be no exchange of
material goods and the person may not recognise
that they are being sexually exploited.
• The relationship, however, will generally be
characterised by coercion and intimidation.
Trafficking
• The practice of people being tricked, lured, coerced or
otherwise removed from their home or country, and then
compelled to work with no or low payment or on terms which
are highly exploitative.
• The practice is considered to be trade or commerce in people,
which has many features of slavery, and which is illegal in
most countries.
• The victims of human trafficking can be used in a variety of
situations, including prostitution, forced labor (including
bonded labour or debt bondage) and other forms of
involuntary servitude. The sale of babies and children for
adoption or other purposes is also considered to be trafficking
in those children.
Government Vision
• No woman or girl has to live in fear of violence
• prevent such violence from happening by
challenging the attitudes and behaviours which foster
it and intervening early where possible to prevent it;
• provide adequate levels of support where violence
does occur;
• partnership to obtain the best outcome for victims
and their families; and
• take action to reduce the risk to women and girls
who are victims of these crimes and ensure that
perpetrators are brought to justice
Warwickshire's aims 2008 - 11
• Prevent and reduce incidents of domestic abuse, to
reduce repeat victimisation and to protect victims and
their children from violence
• Provide a sympathetic and appropriate supportive
response to victims and their children and consult
with service users on the quality and appropriateness
of services provided
• Work towards tackling repeat incidents by effectively
working with perpetrators of domestic abuse
Warwickshire Domestic Abuse Strategy 2008-11
• Increase in reporting of domestic abuse
• Increase in perpetrators charged and going to court
• Increase in children and young people affected by
domestic abuse provided with support
• Reduction in reported repeat incidents of domestic
abuse – further work needs to be undertaken before
a baseline for this indicator can be established.
Existing structure/ processes
• Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conference (MARAC)
Steering Group & Protocols
• Domestic Homicide Review (DHR) Task and Finish
Group
• Forced Marriage Steering Group
• Specialist Domestic Abuse Court (SDAC) Steering
Group +Protocols
• Sexual Violence Operational and Strategic groups
• Rugby and North Warwickshire Forums
Moving forward
• VAWG strategy and action plan
• Warwickshire violent crime reduction strategy
• Better links with other strategic and
operational issues
• Commissioning of Domestic Abuse Support
Service and Refuge service
• Better service user involvement
Equality Impact
• Equalities duties and new legislation April 2011
• Race: BME – cultural beliefs,
• Forced marriage ….HBV…..FGM Limited data but
prevalence in BME communities
• Religion: cuts across all geographical religious, ethnic
and national boundaries
• Disability/long term illness likely victim rape
• DA links to mental health
Equality Impact
• Sexual Orientation
• Gender Reassignment: Transgender women
fearful in public places
• Gender: more likely women than men
• Pregnancy 30% DA during pregnancy
• Age: Children and young people higher risk
16-24 age
• Elderly at high risk but majority of reports 24
to 44 age group
www.talk2someone.org.uk
0800 408 1552
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Victims
Perpetrators
Friends/ Family
Professionals
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Information
Support
Service Directory
Key documents
Further Information
• Sue Ingram
• Domestic Abuse Manager
• [email protected]
• Helen Jinks
• Domestic Abuse Admin Assistant
• [email protected]
• Tel: 01926 412016
• Web: www.talk2someone.org.uk