Transcript Fruits and Vegetables The Flavor of Life

The Link between Nutrition
and Physical Activity, and
Academic Achievement
Welcome!
This program was developed by the California Department of Education’s Nutrition Services Division, with
funding from The California Endowment. Revisions were completed with funds from the California
Department of Public Health, Network for a Healthy California, funded by the United Sates Department of
Agriculture’s Supplementary Nutrition Assistance Program (formerly the Food Stamp Program). These
institutions are equal opportunity providers and employers. In California, food stamps provide assistance to
low-income households, and can help buy nutritious foods for better health.
Partner: California
Department of
Education, Nutrition
Services Division
For food stamp information, call 1-877-847-3663.
For important nutrition information visit www.cachampionsforchange.net
The Link between Nutrition and
Physical Activity, and
Academic Achievement
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Objectives of this Training
• Identify three ways that nutrition and physical
activity impact health.
• Identify three ways that nutrition and physical
activity impact learning.
• Describe risky nutrition and physical activity
behavior trends and access appropriate local
reports.
• Brainstorm action steps to address the Link between
Nutrition and Physical Activity, and Academic
Achievement.
Health Check - Quiz
1. On average, Americans meet the recommended
percent of calories from fat (20% to 35%).
2. In the last ten years, Americans have
decreased their intake of sweeteners.
3. Approximately 75% of Californian adults are
active at least 5 days a week for 30 minutes a
day.
Nutrition and Physical Activity Trends
Nutrition and Physical Activity Trends
Are Americans Physically Active?
The Food Guide Pyramid
Nutrition and Physical Activity Trends
How are Americans Eating?
Number of Servings
American’s Are Eating:
•
Grains
6.8 (1 whole grain)
•
Vegetables
3.2 servings
•
•
•
Fruit
Meat
Dairy
1.5 servings
4.9 servings
1.5 servings
USDA Dietary
Recommendations:
•
Grains
6-10 servings
(3 whole grain)
•
Vegetables
5 servings
•
Fruit
4 servings
•
Meat
2-3 servings
•
Dairy
2-3 servings
Recommendations based on MyPyramid and the Dietary Guidelines for
Americans, 2005 and consumption data is from the Continuing Survey
of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII), 1999-2000.
Health Implications
Actual Causes of Death, 2000
United States
450,000
400,000
350,000
300,000
Causes of
Death
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
Tobacco
Poor Diet and
Inactivity
Alcohol
Consumption
Other
Source: Mokolad, et. al. (2004). Actual Causes of Death in the United States,
2000. JAMA, 291: 1238-1245.
Health Implications
Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults
between 1985 and 2008
Definitions:
• Obesity: Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher. (*BMI
≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” woman)
• Body Mass Index (BMI): A measure of an adult’s weight
in relation to his or her height, specifically the adult’s
weight in kilograms divided by the square of his or her
height in meters.
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1985
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1990
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1995
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2000
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
≥20%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2005
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
20%–24%
25%–29%
≥30%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2008
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
20%–24%
25%–29%
≥30%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1990, 1999, 2008
(*BMI 30, or about 30 lbs. overweight for 5’4” person)
1999
1990
2008
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
20%–24%
25%–29%
≥30%
Student Nutrition and Physical
Activity Trends
•
American children obtained 50 percent of calories from added fat and
sugar – and 65 percent of California teens reported eating 2 or more
servings of sodas and low nutrient foods
•
Only 33 percent of California teens eat the recommended servings of fruit
and vegetables
•
50 percent of California teens reported eating no servings of vegetables
•
60 percent of California children do not meet the recommended 60
minutes of physical activity
2004 CalTEENS Data, California Department of Public
Health, Public Health Institute, Cancer Prevention and
Nutrition Section, Research and Evaluation Unit.
Student Health Implications
Overweight Children in California
Map
Legend
In California, almost 34 percent of 9 to 11 year
olds and 21 percent of 12 to 17 year olds are
either overweight or at risk for being
overweight
Image source: California Center for
Public Health Advocacy-2003
Student Health Implications
• 80% of obese adolescents remain obese as adults
• An increase in childhood type 2 diabetes is paralleling
the rising rates of obesity and overweight
• Risk factors for heart disease now seen in children
• Dental caries affects 50 percent of youths ages 5 to 17
Nutrition and Youth Health Statistics. (2005) California
Project LEAN, Healthy Food Policy Resource Guide.
Student Academic Implications
“ Healthier students
…typically do better in
school…We know that
strong bodies and strong
minds work together to
help…our students
succeed.”
December 2008
Jack O’Connell
State Superintendent
of Public Instruction
Poor Nutrition Impacts
School Achievement
• Malnutrition and moderate under nutrition can have
lasting effects on cognitive development
• Children’s brain function is diminished by short-term
or periodic hunger or malnutrition skipping meals
• Anemia shortens attention span, causes irritability,
fatigue, and difficulty concentrating
Children’s Eating Habits
• What % of children under age 12 are
hungry or at-risk for hunger?
• What % of children are likely to skip
breakfast?
Think about a time when you had a
very busy day and you did not get a
chance to eat breakfast and there
was no food available to snack on
when you started to feel hungry.
How did you feel after six hours of
no food?
Children’s Eating Habits
• What is the most prevalent nutrition
deficiency disease?
• What % of low-income children have this
disease?
Poor Nutrition Impacts
School Achievement
•
•
•
•
•
Fatigue/lethargic/irritable
Susceptible to infection
Stomach pain/headaches
Anxiety/anger/indecisiveness
Sleepiness
Good Nutrition Enhances School
Achievement
•
•
•
•
Better performance
Better concentration
Improved attention span
Quicker and more accurate retrieval of
information
• Fewer errors in problem-solving activities
• Less absenteeism
• Fewer behavioral problems
Energy Release
Energy Available For Learning
Sugary vs. Balanced Breakfast
Time
Meal eaten and energy
released from sugar
Meal eaten and
energy released
from sugar and
starch
Energy released Energy released
from protein
from fat
Sections of “Better Breakfast, Better Learning” reprinted with permission from the Child Nutrition and Food Distribution Division,
California Department of Education
Nutrition and Physical Activity
Impact School Scores!!
Breakfast Consumption and API Scores
(Concurrent Relationship)
Percent who ate breakfast
72
67
API Quintile
1st (Lowest)
2nd
3rd
4th
5th (Highest)
62
57
52
API Score
Breakfast Consumption and API Scores
(Concurrent Relationship)
Change in SAT-9 (NPR)
10
5
2.2
1.4
0.6
0
0.7
1.1
1.5
1.9
2.4
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
-0.2
-1.0
-5
Reading
Language
Mathematics
-10
48 55 62 69 76
48 55 62 69 76
Percent who ate breakfast
Source: California Healthy Kids Survey & STAR data files.
48 55 62 69 76
Nutritious Intake and API Scores
(Concurrent Relationship)
Percent reporting any nutritious intake
80
78
API Quintile
1st (Lowest)
2nd
3rd
4th
5th (Highest)
76
74
72
API Score
Garden Education Raises
Science Scores
• Students in third, fourth and fifth
grade participated in school
gardening activities
– Weekly garden reinforced by
hands-on classroom activities
• Higher science achievement
scores compared to those who
did not have garden activities
– Klemmer, Waliczek, 2005
(Louisianna schools)
Physical Activity and
Fitness affects School
Achievement
• Higher achievement was associated with
higher levels of fitness at each grade level
tested
• Strong relationship between fitness,
reading, and math scores at each grade
level
• Greatest gains when students met 3 or
more minimum fitness standards
Grade 5 SAT-9 and
Physical Fitness Scores
SAT-9 Percentile
Grade 5 SAT-9 and Physical Fitness Scores
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
71
58
36
29
1
40
32
2
45
36
3
50
40
4
5
Physical Fitness Level
Reading
55
46
Mathematics
Source: www.cde.ca.gov/statetests/pe/pe.html
6
Grade 7 SAT-9 and
Physical Fitness Scores
SAT-9 Percentile
Grade 7 SAT-9 and Physical Fitness Scores
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
66
60
50
26 28
1
31 32
34 36
2
3
54
41 44
4
5
Physical Fitness Level
Reading
Mathematics
Source: www.cde.ca.gov/statetests/pe/pe.html
6
Grade 9 SAT-9 and
Physical Fitness Scores
SAT-9 Percentile
Grade 9 SAT-9 and Phys ical Fitne s s Score s
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
67
51
35
38
43
28
31
21
24
1
2
3
4
58
45
37
5
Physical Fitness Lev el
Reading
Mathematics
Source: www.cde.ca.gov/statetests/pe/pe.html
6
Percent who engaged in any physical activity
Physical Activity and API Scores
(Concurrent Relationship)
93
89
API Quintile
1st (Lowest)
2nd
3rd
4th
5th (Highest)
85
81
77
API Score
In addition…
• Another study demonstrated that increased
physical activity (240 minutes per week) leads to
consistently higher mathematics scores (Symons CW,
et al. Bridging student health risks and academic achievement through
comprehensive school health programs. Journal of School Health
1997;67(6):220-227)
• And yet another demonstrated that students
involved with the school breakfast program or
physical activity program are calmer in class and
more energetic when studying (Shepard, RJ. Curricular
physical activity and academic performance. Pediatric Exercise Science
1997;9:113-126
Student Health and Physical Education
Raises Scores
• Health Education: Third and
fourth grade students who received
comprehensive health education
had significantly higher reading and
math scores. Schoener, Guerrero, and Whitney,
1988
• Intensive Physical Education
programs had higher reading, math
and writing scores and reduced
disruptive behaviors in the
classroom. Sallis, 1999
“We must understand
this important truth:
that improving children’s
health likely improves
school performance. It
may even help a
school’s bottom line.”
David Satcher
41
Health Affects Attendance
• Students with poor nutrition &
physical fitness more likely to be
absent and tardy. Murphy, 1998
• Very overweight students miss 4-6
times more school than normal
weight kids. Schwimmer 2003;AHK
What You Can Do!
 Share District Data with Vision
- Make the connection between health and academics
with district-specific data
- Get others involved
 Integrate Nutrition and Physical Activity Into Your
District’s Achievement Strategic Plans
– Discuss District Wellness Policy
– Include Nutrition and Physical Activity in Program
Improvement
– Emphasize turn-key approaches
What can you do?
• Be a role model! Your students look up to you!
• Help teach nutrition education in the classroom
using educational material linked to content
standards. There are great resources available!
• Incorporate some form of physical activity in your
classroom. Every minute helps!
• Be active with your school’s Network for a Healthy
California!
Other Resources
• California Healthy Kids Resource Center:
www.californiahealthykids.org
• American Cancer Society:
www.cancer.org
• USDA: Local School Wellness Policy:
www.fns.usda.gov/tn/Healthy/wellnesspolicy.h
tml
• Action for Healthy Kids:
www.actionforhealthykids.org
Other Resources
• The California Food Guide:
www.dhcs.ca.gov/formsandpubs/publication
s/Pages/CaliforniaFoodGuide.aspx
• California Project LEAN:
www.californiaprojectlean.org
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:
www.cdc.gov
• USDA MyPyramid: www.mypyramid.gov
Remember
The Man Who Believes
He Can Do Something
Is Probably Right,
And
So is the Man
Who Believes He Can’t
Thank You!
For more information or
assistance, please contact:
This program was developed by the California Department of Education’s Nutrition Services Division, with
funding from The California Endowment. Revisions were completed with funds from the California
Department of Public Health, Network for a Healthy California, funded by the United Sates Department of
Agriculture’s Supplementary Nutrition Assistance Program (formerly the Food Stamp Program). These
institutions are equal opportunity providers and employers. In California, food stamps provide assistance to
low-income households, and can help buy nutritious foods for better health.
Partner: California
Department of Education,
Nutrition Services Division
For food stamp information, call 1-877-847-3663.
For important nutrition information visit www.cachampionsforchange.net