Transcript Salvatore Vassallo - uni

Salvatore Vassallo
[email protected]
University of Pavia
Navigating through archives,
libraries and museums:
topic maps as a harmonizing instrument
TMRA ’05 – Leipzig, 6-7 October 2005
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3 topic maps based projects
• Topic maps
variant forms of names
• Topic maps
archives
• Topic maps
cultural heritage
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Variant forms of names
• Use users’ research to determine the
variant forms
• Minimum rate to become a variant form
• The variant form will be included in topic
definition
• Possibility to browse the right and wrong
forms
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Variant forms of names: calculate minimum rate
Minimum Rate
P
Parameters 2 > K < 3
to refine search
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k
log x
Questionnaire
Number
Empirical formula to define mininum rate: the main idea is to
found an equation that decrease lowly when the number of
questionnaire increases. For i.e. if with 100 questionnaire we
need 15-16% as minimum rate to become variant form, with
10000 2,5% (250 searches) could be enough.
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Example Shakespeare (I)
Minimum rate: 8%
P
1
k
log x
8
1
2.5log 600
Results:
Shakespeare 82%
Shakespear 13%
Others forms 5%
include it in the topic definition
or just link to the correct form
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Example Shakespeare (II)
<topic id="shakespeare">
<baseName>
<baseNameString>Shakespeare</baseNameString>
<variant>
<parameters><topicRef xlink:href="#apocope"/></parameters>
<variantName><resourceData>Shakespear</resourceData></variantName>
</variant>
</baseName>
</topic>
<topic id="apocope">
<baseName>
<baseNameString>Apocope</baseNameString>
</baseName>
<occurrence>
<instanceOf>
<topicRef xlink:href="#web"/>
</instanceOf>
<resourceRef xlink:href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocope"/>
</occurrence>
</topic>
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Example Shakespeare (III)
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Example Shakespeare (IV)
<topic id="shakespeare">
<baseName>
<baseNameString>Shakespeare</baseNameString>
</baseName>
</topic>
<topic id="shakespear">
<baseName>
<baseNameString>Shakespear</baseNameString>
</baseName>
</topic>
<association>
<instanceOf>
<topicRef xlink:href="#variant"/>
</instanceOf>
<scope>
<topicRef xlink:href="#apocope"></topicRef>
</scope>
<member>
<roleSpec><topicRef xlink:href="#right"/></roleSpec>
<topicRef xlink:href="#shakespeare"/>
</member>
<member>
<roleSpec><topicRef xlink:href="#wrong"/></roleSpec>
<topicRef xlink:href="#shakespear"/>
</member>
</association>
We could
use also
a
reification
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Example Shakespeare (V)
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<topic id="bocca">
<baseName>
<baseNameString>Bocca</baseNameString>
<variant>
<parameters><topicRef xlink:href="#betacism"/></parameters>
<variantName>
<resourceData>Vocca</resourceData>
</variantName>
</variant>
</baseName>
</topic>
<topic id="betacism">
<baseName>
<baseNameString>Betacism</baseNameString>
</baseName>
<occurrence>
<instanceOf>
<topicRef xlink:href="#web"/>
</instanceOf>
<resourceRef xlink:href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive"/>
</occurrence>
</topic>
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TM & Variant forms: conclusion
Features:
• Use users’ researches to define variant
forms of names
• Manage variant forms with topic maps
• Enable browsing the correct and the
wrong forms
• Incorporate in existing software
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Managing related terms in a cultural system
Interoperability:
• A standard to include other standards
• Problem: standards do not satisfy the
requirements of all parties
• Solution: specific standards at a lower
level with relations expressed in a topic
map at a higher level – topic maps as a
tool for harmonization
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Topic maps as a harmonizing instrument
The entity level
recognize different forms, that would be described
differently under one single ontology
The structure level
manage different models
The semantic level
Taxonomies, access point
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Entity level
Example:
Manage as a single ontology
Liliana Grassi
as creator
Liliana Grassi
as author
With a description for each different aspect
occurences
scopes
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Navigate through an archive
Guides, finding
aids
Information
systems
Fonds description
OPAC
Bibliography
Loan service,
document delivery
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Topic Maps and FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
TOPIC
WORK
EXPRESSION
OCCURRENCE
MANIFESTATION
Case of the model described above:
manifestations are occurrences linked with an OPAC
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Topic Maps and FRBR
TOPIC
WORK
EXPRESSION
OCCURRENCE
MANIFESTATION
ITEM
Case of a library: items are occurrences linked with loan service software
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MARC
or
MODS
MARC
or
MADS
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EAD
O
EAG
EAC
O
EAG
TEI
DALF
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Thanks to
Paul Gabriele Weston, Fabio Ciotti, Paola Ciandrini, Flavia
Giudice, Laura Bernini, Federica Biava, Ester Bucchi de
Giuli, Marina Chiogna, Elettra de Lorenzo, Elena Giavari,
Linda Giuzzi, Chiara Papalia, Roberta Pastorino
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Salvatore Vassallo
[email protected]
[email protected]
Cultural Heritage E-Libraries and Archives – www.chela.it
University of Pavia
Thank you for your attention
Questions?
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References
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DALF Digital Archives of Letter in Flanders - http://www.kantl.be/ctb/project/dalf/
Dublin Core - http://dublincore.org/
EAC Encoded Archival Context - http://www.iath.virginia.edu/eac/
EAD Encoded Archival Description - http://www.loc.gov/ead/
EAG Encoded Archival Guide http://aer.mcu.es/sgae/jsp/censo_guia/seg_nivel/set_presenta.html
FRAR Functional Requirements for Authority Records. 2005.
http://www.ifla.org/VII/d4/FRANAR-Conceptual-M-Draft-e.pdf
FRBR Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Record. 1998.
http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.pdf
ISAAR (CPF) International Standard Archival Authority Record for Corporate Bodies,
Persons and Families. 2004. http://www.icacds.org.uk/eng/isaar2ndedn-e_3_1.pdf
ISAD (G) General International Standard Archival Description. 2000.
http://www.icacds.org.uk/eng/ISAD(G).pdf
MARC MAchine Readeable Record - http://www.loc.gov/marc
MADS Metadata Authority Description Schema - http://www.loc.gov/standards/mads/
Minerva Working Group 5: Handbook for quality in cultural web sites: improving quality
for citizens. 2003.
http://www.minervaeurope.org/publications/qualitycriteria1_2draft/qualitypdf1103.pdf
MODS Metadata Object Description Schema - http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/
TEI Text Encoded Initiative - http://www.tei-c.org/
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