Transcript FWM 1058 Alloy

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History

Their evolution beyond the first
prototypes depended on materials
The aircraft
engines were
the first!
becoming available with hitherto
unknown resistance to
temperature, stress and corrosion
by combustion products.

In the early 1940s, Special Metals
worked with the UK government to
create the first of the superalloys
to meet those demands.
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
Within a very few years the NIMONIC and
INCONEL superalloys had become the
cornerstones of jet engine metallurgy; the
first, annealed products supplemented by
new series of higher strength, agehardenable alloys.

Gas turbine propulsion is now universal
for all but the lowest powered aircraft.
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
New standards of materials performance are being set
all the time for aircraft to fly higher, faster, further, more
economically, even more quietly.

And, for over fifty years, the technology has been
spreading into other areas where land-based engines
are used for power generation and for such specialist
applications as trans-continental pipelines, and for
marine applications where gas turbine power acts as an
on-demand supplement to more conventional systems.
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

Special Metals was critically involved at the
beginning of gas turbine technology. It remains a
world leader in the development and production
of the superalloys that support the engines of
today and the design demands for the years to
come.
The following slides offer an introduction to the
current level of investment in new and
established alloy products, and in melting,
remelting and manufacturing facilities.
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Alloy
ASTM / ISO
35N LT®
F562 , ISO 5832-6
MP35N®
F562, ISO 5832-6
L605
F90, ISO 5832-5
FWN1058®
F1058, ISO 5832-7
ELGILOY®
F1058, ISO 5832-7
CCM®
F1537, ISO 583212
DFT® (Composite)
Alloy 41
Alloy 625
B446
Alloy X-750
B574
HASTELLOY Alloy C-276
B619
HASTELLOY Alloy C-22
Alloy 31
Alloy 600
INCONEL® Alloy 601
INCONEL Alloy 617
Alloy 718
Alloy 901
Alloy 902
HASTELLOY® Alloy B
HASTELLOY Alloy B-2
HASTELLOY Alloy C-4
HAYNES® Alloy C-263
HASTELLOY® Alloy S
HASTELLOY® Alloy X
Chromel
HAYNES 188
HAYNES 214™
HAYNES
230™ HAYNES 242™
Hiperco 50B
Ni200
NIMONIC® 90
ULTIMET®
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WASPALOY®
For compressor blades and vanes
INCONEL® alloy 718
NIMONIC® alloys 90 & 901
INCOLOY® alloy 909
For turbine blades and vanes
INCONEL® alloy MA754
NIMONIC® alloys 80A, 90, 101, 105 & 115
For discs and shafts
INCONEL® alloys 706, 718 & X-750
NIMONIC® alloys 90, 105, & 901
Waspaloy
INCOLOY® alloys 903 & 909
Rene 88, 95
IN 100
UDIMET® alloys 700 & 720
UDIMAR® alloys 250 & 300
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For casings, rings, and seals
INCONEL® alloys 600, 617, 625, 718,
X-750,
783 & HX
NIMONIC® alloys 75, 80A, 90, 105, 263,
901,
PE11, PE16 & PK33
Waspaloy
INCOLOY® alloy 909
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For sheet fabrications (combustors, ducting,
exhaust systems, thrust reversers, hush kits,
afterburners, etc.)
INCONEL® alloys 600, 601, 617, 625,
625LCF®, 718, 718SPF,
™ X-750 & HX
NIMONIC® alloys 75, 86, 263, PE11, PE16
& PK 33
INCOLOY® alloy MA956
UDIMET® alloys 188 and L-605
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For fasteners and general engine hardware
INCONEL® alloys 600, 625, 718 & X-750
NIMONIC® alloys 80A, 90, 105, 263 & 901
INCOLOY® alloy A-286
Waspaloy
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35N LT
• Melt Practice
This superalloy is typically double melted
to remove impurities.
However this melt practice is an
enhancement of the standard melt practice
for ASTM F-562 material yielding much
lower inclusion counts.
This results in improved fatigue life of asdrawn wire by as much as 800%.
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Typical Chemistry
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Mechanical
Properties
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Thermal Treatment
• A reducing atmosphere is preferred for
thermal treatment but inert gas can be
used.
• 35N LT will fully anneal at 1010-1177°C in
just a few minutes. For optimum
mechanical properties, cold worked 35N
LT should be aged at 583-593°C for four
hours.
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Applications
•35N LT is an
excellent
combination of
strength and
corrosion
resistance.
• Typically used in the coldworked condition,
tensile strengths are typically comparable
to 304.
• End uses in the medical field are: pacing
leads, stylets, catheters and orthopaedic
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cables.
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MP35N
• Melt Practice
• This superalloy is initially melted using
Vacuum Induction Melting (VIM)
techniques.
• This is followed by an Electro Slag Remelt
(ESR) to remove some impurities. This
practice may be followed by Vacuum Arc
Remelting (VAR). The triple-melt practice
is thought to give best overall performance
for this alloy.
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• MP35N alloy is a nonmagnetic, nickelcobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy
possessing a unique combination of
ultrahigh tensile strength (up to 300 ksi
[2068 MPa]), good ductility and toughness,
and excellent corrosion resistance.
• In addition, this alloy displays exceptional
resistance to sulfidation, high temperature
oxidation, and hydrogen embrittlement.
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• The unique properties of MP35N alloy are
developed through work hardening, phase
transformation and aging. If the alloy is
used in the fully work hardened condition,
service temperatures up to 399°C are
suggested.
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Typical Chemistry
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•Physical
Properties
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Thermal Treatment
• A reducing atmosphere is preferred for
thermal treatment but inert gas can be
used. MP35N will fully anneal at 10101177.25°C in just a few minutes.
• For optimum mechanical properties, cold
worked MP35N should be aged at 583593.25°C for four hours.
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•Mechanical
Properties
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Mechanical Properties
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Applications
• MP35N is an excellent combination of
strength and corrosion resistance.
Typically used in the cold-worked
condition, tensile strengths are typically
comparable to 304. End uses in the
medical field are: pacing leads, stylets,
catheters and orthopaedic cables.
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Surface Conditions
Cobalt based alloys develop a highly polished
appearance as they are drawn to fine diameters. Surface
roughness can be less than 5 RMS when processed
using SCND* dies and measured with a profilometer.
Diameters over .040" will not have as smooth a finish
because of polycrystaline dies. Diameters over .100"
have an even rougher surface because they are drawn
with carbide dies.
Additional finish treatments can enhance the surface of the
wire.
* SCND means single crystal natural diamond.
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FWM 1058 Alloy
General
• FWM 1058® Alloy, Conichrome®,
Phynox® and Elgiloy® are all trademark
names for the cobalt-chromium-nickelmolybdenum-iron alloy specified by ASTM
F 1058 and ISO 5832-7.
• Batelle Laboratories originally developed the
alloy for making watch springs, and it was
patented in 1950.
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• As demonstrated in the table below,
the current FWM 1058 Alloy melt
specification, specifically designed by
Fort Wayne Metals, is equivalent to
Conichrome, Phynox and Elgiloy.
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Typical Chemistry (%)
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• The alloy is first melted using Vacuum
Induction Melting (VIM) techniques. A
secondary melt operation, Electro
Slag Remelt (ESR), is then employed
to further remove impurities and
improve overall homogeneity.
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• FWM 1058 Alloy derives its maximum
properties from a combination of cold work
and thermal processing, and is not a true
precipitation-hardening alloy since the
response to heat treatment is a function of
the degree of cold work.
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Physical
Properties
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Thermal Treatment
• After cold working, the mechanical strength of
this cobalt based super alloy can be increased
by heat treating. In wire form, cold worked FWM
1058 Alloy will gain tensile strength at
temperatures from 480-540°C when exposed for
approximately 2-5 hours. Reducing or inert
atmospheres are typically used for protection
during thermal treatment. After annealing with a
rapid quench, the alloy has a face-centered
cubic structure.
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• Reducing or inert atmospheres are
typically used for protection during thermal
treatment.
• After annealing with a rapid quench, the
alloy has a face-centered cubic structure.
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Surgical implants
constructed of FWM 1058
Alloy wire can be safely
imaged using magnetic
resonance without risk of
migration and with
minimal image
degradation because of
the nonmagnetic
characteristics of
the material.
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Biocompatibility
• Although there is no universally accepted
definition for biocompatibility of biomaterials, a
medical device should be safe for its intended
use. ASTM F 1058 alloy has been employed
successfully in human implant applications in
contact with soft tissue and bone for over a
decade.
• Long-term clinical experience of the use of this
material has shown that an acceptable level of
biological response can be expected if the alloy
is used in appropriate applications.
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Surface Conditions
• Cobalt based alloys develop a highly
polished appearance as they are drawn to
fine diameters. Surface roughness can be
less than 5 RMS when processed using
single crystal natural diamond (SCND)
dies and measured with a profilometer.
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• Diameters over 0.040" will not have as
smooth a finish because they are drawn
through polycrystalline dies. Wire
measuring over 0.100" will have an even
rougher surface because it is drawn
through carbide dies. However, the
surface of the wire can be enhanced with
additional finish treatments.
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Mechanical
Properties
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Applications
• Because of its excellent corrosion
resistance, mechanical strength and
fatigue resistance combined with high
elastic modulus, FWM 1058 Alloy wire and
rod is an attractive candidate for surgical
implants.
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• It is one of the preferred materials for the
fabrication of various stents, pacemaker
lead conductors, surgical clips, vena cava
filters, orthopaedic cables, and orthodontic
appliances. The alloy is also commonly
used in the watchmaking industry as a
precision spring material.
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Ti 6Al-4V ELI
One of the most commonly used titanium
alloys is an alpha-beta alloy containing 6%
Al and 4% V. This alloy, usually referred to
as Ti 6Al-4V, exhibits an excellent
combination
of corrosion resistance,
strength and toughness.
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• Typical uses include medical devices or
implants, aerospace applications and
pressure vessels. In the case of medical
applications, stringent user specifications
require controlled microstructures and
freedom from melt imperfections.
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• The interstitial elements of iron and
oxygen are carefully controlled to improve
ductility and fracture toughness. Controlled
interstitial element levels are designated
ELI (extra low interstitials). Hence the
designation Ti 6Al-4V ELI.
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Typical
Chemistry
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Surface Conditions
• Ti 6Al-4V ELI has a tendency to stick, fret or cold
weld with drawing dies during processing.
Common industry practice to avoid this condition
usually employs heavy etching or pickling at
finish size resulting in a course or very textured
surface.
• Fort Wayne Metals has developed processing
techniques with enhanced surface treatments
which require minimal etching at finish size to
remove residual oxide, yielding a cleaner and
smoother surface finish.
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Diameter Tolerances
Enhanced surface treatments and
processing techniques allow Fort Wayne
Metals to offer tighter and more controlled
tolerances. The chart in the right column
details standard diameter tolerances for Ti
6Al-4V ELI in wire and coil forms.
Most diameters can be produced to tighter
tolerances.
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Applications
Fort Wayne Metals manufactures Ti 6Al-4V ELI in
straightened and cut bar, coil, strands and cables,
flat wire
and wire form to support a variety of critical
medical and
industrial based applications. End uses include:
 Orthopaedic pins and screws · Springs
 Orthopaedic cables · Surgical staples
 Orthodontic appliances · Ligature clips
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Values are
typical and
may not
represent all
diameters.
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Other Titanium & Titanium
Alloys Available
CPTi Gr.1 · Ti 6Al-4V ELI
 CPTi Gr.2 · Ti 6Al-7Nb
 CPTi Gr.3 · Ti 3Al-2.5V
 CPTi Gr.4 · Ti 3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo 4Zr
(Ti Beta C)
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