Transcript A Model-based Approach to SCORM Sequencing

Company
LOGO
Towards the Validation of
Adaptive Educational
Hypermedia using CAVIAr
Mark Melia & Claus Pahl
Dublin City University
www.computing.dcu.ie
6th International Workshop on Authoring of Adaptive and Adaptable Hypermedia
Agenda
• Courseware validation
• Definition
• Approach
• Modeling concerns - CAVIAr
• Model interoperability – model
transformations
• Applying validation to AEH
• Transforming LAOS to CAVIAr
• Simple validation
www.computing.dcu.ie
2/25
Courseware Validation
• What is Courseware Validation?
• Courseware validation allows the course
creator to check for certain pedagogical and
non-pedagogical characteristics in constructed
courseware.
• What characteristics are of concern?
• Literature review
www.computing.dcu.ie
3/25
Identification of Courseware
Construction Concerns
www.computing.dcu.ie
4/25
Courseware Authoring Validation
Information Architecture (CAVIAr)
• Data models
• Domain model
• Concepts
• Pedagogically neutral
• Learning context model
• Conceptual sequencing constraints
• Learner Stereotypes
– Presumed knowledge
– Learning goals
• Learning resource model
• Models learning resources and metadata
• Courseware model
• Topics
www.computing.dcu.ie
– Entry learner conditions for topics
– Sequencing relationships
5/25
Courseware Authoring Validation
Information Architecture (CAVIAr)
• Validation model
• Defines a valid courseware in terms of the
data models
• Constrains the allowable model configurations
• Courseware model must adhere to constraints
www.computing.dcu.ie
6/25
A Metamodeling Approach
Defined on
CAVIAr Metamodel
Model Constraints
Instance of
Must be true for
CAVIAr model
www.computing.dcu.ie
7/25
Defining Constraints on CAVIAr
•Number of topics
contained in a topic
must be between 5
and 15
www.computing.dcu.ie
• Constraints defined on the metamodel –
constrains the allowable structure of the
model
context Topic
Inv more_contained_topics: relations>select(type = #CONTAINS)->size() > 5 and
relations-> select(type = #CONTAINS)8/25
>size() <15
Model Interoperability – Model
Transformations
• Allows for model transformations
• Transform from one model type to another
model type
• Defined using a declarative language at the
metamodel level (the model schema level)
• CAVIAr models can be transformed
to/from any type of models as long as:
• Metamodel defined for target/source model
• Transformation defined between metamodels
www.computing.dcu.ie
9/25
A Metamodeling Approach
Transformation
Definition
Defined on
Model Constraints
Must be true for
CAVIAr Metamodel
Metamodel x
Instance of
Instance of
CAVIAr model
model x
Transformation
www.computing.dcu.ie
10/25
Model Transformations AEH -> CAVIAr
Transformation
Definition
CAVIAr Metamodel
AEH Metamodel
Instance of
Instance of
Databases Course
Databases Course
Transformation
www.computing.dcu.ie
11/25
AEH Interoperability Case Study AEH LAOS
• Set of models for creating AEH – MOT
(Cristea et. al.)
•
•
•
•
•
Domain map
Goal and constraint map
User map
Adaptive map
Presentation map
• Common Adaptation Framework (CAF)
• XML format
• LAG
• Defined in BNF format
• Basic level made up of IF-THEN-ELSE rules
www.computing.dcu.ie
12/25
Transforming LAOS to CAVIAr
• Transforming CAF to CAVIAr
• CAF Metamodel definition
• CAF metamodel  CAVIAr metamodel
definition
• Transforming LAG to CAVIAr
• LAG metamodel definition
• LAG metamodel  CAVIAr metamodel
definition
www.computing.dcu.ie
13/25
CAF Transformation: CAF metamodel
definition
www.computing.dcu.ie
14/25
CAF Transformation: Generating
CAVIAr domain model
www.computing.dcu.ie
15/25
CAF Transformation: Generating
CAVIAr learning context model
www.computing.dcu.ie
16/25
CAF Transformation: Generating
CAVIAr courseware model
www.computing.dcu.ie
17/25
CAF Transformation: Generating
CAVIAr learning resources & metadata
www.computing.dcu.ie
18/25
Transforming LAOS to CAVIAr
• Transforming CAF to CAVIAr
• CAF Metamodel definition
• CAF metamodel  CAVIAr metamodel
definition
• Transforming LAG to CAVIAr
• LAG metamodel definition
• LAG metamodel  CAVIAr metamodel
definition
www.computing.dcu.ie
19/25
LAG Transformation
• Defining LAG Metamodel
www.computing.dcu.ie
20/25
LAG Transformation
• Transforming a simple LAG sequencing
rule to CAVIAr courseware model
constraint
IF (DM.Concept.title.access == ‘true’) THEN
(DM.Concept.text.show == ‘true’)
www.computing.dcu.ie
21/25
LAG Transformation
www.computing.dcu.ie
22/25
Validating the AEH
• The AEH can then be validated as any
other courseware using a constraint
language.
• LOs must be shorter than 40 mins in
length
context Topic
Inv more_contained_topics:
relations->select(type = #CONTAINS)
->size() > 5 and relations->
select(type = #CONTAINS)->size() <15
www.computing.dcu.ie
23/25
Conclusions
• Provided for a starting point in validating
AEH designs
• Modelling technologies allow for AEH
interoperability
• AEH  CAVIAr
• Possibility of generalising the approach to
allow for a more generic approach to
AEH interoperability with TEL state of the
art
www.computing.dcu.ie
24/25
Questions
• Questions, comments welcome
• Thank you for listening.
• Contact Details
• Email: [email protected]
www.computing.dcu.ie
25/25