Transcript Overtraining - تندرستی و علوم ورزشی

Overtraining
Dr. Noel McCaffrey
Lecturer, Centre for Sport Science and Health, DCU
Medical Director, O’Neills Sports Medicine, UCD & DCU
overtraining
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the training / preparation challenge
what is the overtraining syndrome
do we understand the mechanism?
recognition
treatment and prevention
overtraining
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the training / preparation challenge
what is the overtraining syndrome
do we understand the mechanism?
recognition
treatment and prevention
overtraining
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•
•
•
•
the training / preparation challenge
what is the overtraining syndrome
do we understand the mechanism?
recognition
treatment and prevention
overtraining
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•
•
•
•
the training / preparation challenge
what is the overtraining syndrome
do we understand the mechanism?
recognition
treatment and prevention
training areas
Resistance
•choice of exercise
•order of exercise
•volume (sets x reps)
•intensity (% rep max)
•rest (between sets)
Speed
•speed generation
•repeat speed
Skills
technique repetition
Team play
Endurance
•central adaptation
•peripheral (sport
specific) adaptation
•cross training
(injured)
the challenge
provide continuous training stimulus with
adequate variety, recovery, progression to
• facilitate optimum performance at the right
time(s)
• avoid OTS
• minimise injury
the overtraining
syndrome
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a condition characterised by
•  performance in training / competition (incl
technical)
•  effort required to deliver same performance
• failure to show progression / improvement
despite maintained or increased training
overtraining process  overtraining syndrome
other words
staleness
burnout
overfatigue
overwork
chronic fatigue
overstrain
Fitness Level
inadequate recovery
Session 1
Session 2
Session 3
Days
over-reaching
overload
training stimulus
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adequate recovery

overtraining
training stimulus
 training stimulus
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inadequate recovery
 inadequate recovery
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repeated (+ ) training
training increase
(appropriate)
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 performance
repeated (+ ) training
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 performance
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rest
 performance
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 no recovery with rest
full recovery in 2-3weeks
prevalence of OT
signs and symptoms of OT seen in
•  60% distance runners over a career
•  50% pro soccer players in a 5 month
competitive season
• 33% basketball players in a 6 week training camp
common symptoms of
OTS
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general fatigue
malaise
 energy (malaise)
 enthusiasm
 motivation
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irritable / restless
anxious
appetite change
weight loss
depression
 focus / concentration
diagnostic difficulties
diagnosis of exclusion
different symptoms with
• different individuals doing same same training
• acute vs chronic  performance
•  volume vs  intensity
• sympathetic vs parasympathetic models
• endurance vs ‘anaerobic’ overtraining
parasympathetic
overtraining
volume overload (resistance or endurance)
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 testosterone : cortisol ratio
fatigue
depression
apathy
 resting HR
sympathetic
overtraining
intensity overload
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insomnia
irritability
restlessness
 HR
 blood pressure
overuse injuries
dinternal factors
• boy mass
• biomechanics
• nutrition
• technique
• fatigue
external factors
• training volume
• training intensity
• repetition
• footwear
• surface
• equipment
what causes it?
training imbalance / mismatch
 recovery
exercise   exercise capacity
stress   stress tolerance
initiating events
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voulme  / intensity of training
monotony of training
illness (disease / infection)
caloric restriction /  carbohydrate intake
iron deficiency
exercise-heat stress
personal / emotional problems
occupational stress
biological markers
 blood constitiuents
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haemoglobin / hematocrit
white cells
iron
blood lactate in submax /
max exercise
• testosterone / cortisol
• catecholamines (resting /
nocturnal)
cardiorespiratory
•  resting / max heart rate
• VO2max
•  heart rate / VO2 / VE
during exercise
•  basal metabolic rate
•  infection
immune system
•  upper respiratory tract infection in OR /
OT athlethes
• cause or effect?
of persistent fatigue and underperformance in sport
caffeine withdrawal
less common
rare
• allergies
• dehydration
• endocrine disease
• ex-induced asthma
• diabtees
•  or  adrenal gland
•  sleep
• eating disorders
• heart disease
•  iron (+/- anaemia)
• hepatitis
• HIV
• performance anxiety
• hypothyroidism
• malabsorption
• infection
• postconcussion
• lung disease
mononucleosis
• substance abuse
• malignancy
upp. resp tract infection
• lr resp tract infection
• renal disease
• OTS
• side effects of
• mood disorder
meds / supplements
• neuromuscular
disease
anxiety / depression
• nutrition
 carbo / protein
fatigue
What is it
• failure to generate or
maintain desired exercise
intensity
• peripheral mechanism
(fuel depletion)
• central mechanisms (
brain serotonin)
• core symptom of many
illnesses
atiguFe in illness
• viral illness
• anaemia
• hypothyroidism
• hypoglycaemia
• chronic fatigue syndrome
• depression
OTS and Major
Depression
 appetite
irritable / restless
 body weight
 motivation
interest / pleasure
 general fatigue /
malaise
• concentration
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• feeling hopeless / worthless
• feeling sad
• persistent physical symptoms
that fail to respond
• suicidal thoughts
Treatment and Prevention
 recovery days
periodise
 variety
ensure vol : intensity
inverse relationship
• avoid high intensity over
prolonged period
• avoid high intensity over
prolonged period
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• in resistence
sessions, avoid
completing every
set of every
exercise in every
session
• avoid overworking one
area
• avoid excess eccentric
work
? role for antidepressant medication