Transcript Document

Argument Literacy &
T3C’s
Argument Writing from Text
CCR.W.1
College and Career Ready Writing; Text Types and Purposes: 1
• Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of
substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and
relevant and sufficient evidence.
• What does this mean?????
• Let’s look at the standard at your grade level.
The Standards
College and Career Readiness Anchor Standard for Writing #11. Write arguments to
support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid
reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.
Writing Standard #1 6th grade
Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons
and relevant evidence.
a. Introduce claim(s) and organize the reasons
and evidence clearly.
b. Support claim(s) with clear reasons and
relevant evidence, using credible sources and
demonstrating an understanding of the topic
or text.
c. Use words, phrases, and clauses to clarify the
relationships among claim(s) and reasons.
d. Establish and maintain a formal style.
e. Provide a concluding statement or section
that follows from the argument presented.
Writing Standard #1, 7th Grade
1. Write arguments to support claims with clear
reasons and relevant evidence.
a. Introduce claim(s), acknowledge alternate or
opposing claims, and organize the reasons and
evidence logically.
b. Support claim(s) with logical reasoning and
relevant evidence, using accurate, credible
sources and demonstrating an understanding
of the topic or text.
c. Use words, phrases, and clauses to create
cohesion and clarify the relationships among
claim(s), reasons, and evidence.
d. Establish and maintain a formal style.
e. Provide a concluding statement or section
that follows from and supports the argument
presented.
The Standards…continued
Writing Standard #1, 8th Grade
1. Write arguments to support claims with clear
reasons and relevant evidence.
a. Introduce claim(s), acknowledge and
distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or
opposing claims, and organize the reasons and
evidence logically.
b. Support claim(s) with logical reasoning and
relevant evidence, using accurate, credible
sources and demonstrating an understanding
of the topic or text.
c. Use words, phrases, and clauses to create
cohesion and clarify the relationships among
claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.
d. Establish and maintain a formal style.
e. Provide a concluding statement or section
that follows from and supports the argument
presented.
What Is the Difference between
Persuasive Writing
and Writing
Argument?
Persuasive - In a persuasive essay, you can select the most
favorable evidence, appeal to emotions, and use style to
persuade your readers. Your single purpose is to be convincing .
The same might be said of propaganda and advertising.
Argument, on the other hand, is mainly about logical appeals and
involves claims, evidence, warrants, backing, and rebuttals,
Argument is at the heart of critical thinking and academic
discourse; it is the kind of writing students need to know for
success in college and in life—the kind of writing that the
Common Core State Standards puts first.
Kinneavy and Warriner
Let’s do a group practice?
What does it take
to be a hero?
• What are the attributes of a hero?
• Complete the Ranking Heroic Action Activity,
answer the following questions:
• Why are some actions more heroic than others?
• What are some key characteristics or rules that could
be used to judge whether or not someone’s action is a
heroic act?
ELA Argument
Scientific Argument
ClaimAn assertion or conclusion that
answers the original question.
ClaimAn assertion or conclusion that answers
the original question.
EvidenceData from the text that support the
claim. The data need to be
appropriate & sufficient to support
the claim.
EvidenceScientific data that support the claim.
The data need to be appropriate &
sufficient to support the claim.
Reasoning –
A justification that links the claim &
evidence. The reasoning shows why
the data count as evidence to
support the claim by applying an
appropriate ELA framework or
established criteria and clearly
explaining how the evidence fits the
framework or meets the criteria.
Reasoning –
A justification that links the claim &
evidence & shows why the data count
as evidence to support the claim by
using the appropriate scientific
principles & theories of a conceptual
framework.
Elements of Argument
 Claim
 Evidence: relevant and verifiable
 Warrant: explanation of how the
evidence supports the claim; often
common sense rules, laws, scientific
principles or research, and wellconsidered definitions.
 Backing: support for the warrant (often
extended definitions)
 Qualifications and Counter-arguments:
acknowledgement of differing claims
How can argument writing support
the use of T3C’s
1. TOPIC Sentence (debatable claim)
2. Concrete evidence (x3)
statistics
data
experimental results
textual evidence
3. Commentary
4. Conclusion
Unit of Justification
Reasoning
#1
The Claim or Thesis
Statement
…is the most important sentence in your paper
…is an assertion
…answers the question: “What am I trying to prove?”
...brings focus to the entire essay
…lets the reader know the main idea of the paper
…is not a factual statement or an announcement of purpose, but a
claim that has to be proven throughout the paper.
Example: Which is a thesis statement?
• Parents, often too busy to watch television
shows with their families, can monitor their
children’s viewing habits with the aid of the
V-chip.
• To help parents monitor their children’s
viewing habits, the V-chip should be a
required feature for television sets sold in the
U.S.
• This paper will describe a V-chip and examine
the uses of the V-chip in American-made
television sets.
Types of Claims
• Claims of fact or definition: These claims
argue about what the definition of something
is or whether something is a settled fact.
• Claims of cause and effect: These claims
argue that one person, thing, or event caused
another thing or event to occur.
Types of Claims
• Claims about solutions or policies: These are
claims that argue for or against a certain
solution or policy approach to a problem
• Claims about value: These are claims made of
what something is worth, whether we value it
or not, how we would rate or categorize
something.
Is this a Claim?
• What some people refer to as global
warming is actually nothing more
than normal, long-term cycles of
climate change.
Is this a Claim?
A STUDENT READ “DREAMS” AND “DREAM
DEFERRED” BY LANGSTON HUGHES, AND HE
GENERATED THIS THESIS.
Langston Hughes uses metaphors to
illustrate how having to postpone one’s
wishes or desires can lead to destruction.
Is this a Claim?
 The adverse affects of using alcohol
and tobacco accounts for a
disproportionately large fraction of
Medicare costs, and therefore need
to be taxed more heavily.
REVIEW
#1
The Claim or Thesis
Statement
…is the most important sentence in your paper
…is an assertion
…answers the question: “What am I trying to prove?”
...brings focus to the entire essay
…lets the reader know the main idea of the paper
…is not a factual statement or an announcement of purpose, but a
claim that has to be proven throughout the paper.
#2
Concrete evidence from Reading…
Strong Evidence should be:
Unified
Specific
Accurate
Adequate
Relevant
Representative
From a source…..
Appropriate Evidence
• Current events (local, municipal,
state, national, global)
• Historical events
• Literature (and other academic texts)
• Analogies and hypotheticals
• Personal anecdotes (if appropriate to
the prompt)
#3
Commentary
The why (justification) of the
data you used in your
claims…making relevant indepth understanding of text
#4
Conclusion
-Have I ended the discussion of the logical argument?
-Have I restated my claim
-Have a summarized the main points of the argument?
Mascots should be
strong or tough and
represent the area.
They should be
something people
would be proud to be.
Explanation
A Miner would be a
good mascot selection
for our school.
Evidence
Claim
Creating an Argument
Our area has mining as
one of its primary
industries, so the choice
would represent our
area. In addition, miners
need to be tough
because they do
strenuous work—and
dangerous work. They
work hard to fill a need
for people everywhere.
That’s something to be
proud of.
Let’s practice with content specific reading
focusing on Claims, Evidence and Argument
Let’s Practice T3Cs for Argument
• Should the government implement a tax on
junk food?
• Resources:
• Adult Obesity Facts
• Would junk food taxes really make people eat
better?
• Poll: Most Oppose Tax on Junk Food
Junk Food Tax
• Use the resources to write a claim
and support it with evidence and
reasoning using the T3C model for
argument.
• Closely read and annotate the
following texts to make your
argument.
Thank you!