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Everything You Wanted to Know about
Nano-Engineered Materials *
(* But Only Had an Hour)
Focus Areas and Research Centers
News and Events
Objectives
Applied Nanoionics
Rationale
Biomolecular Integrated Circuits (CBIC)
Structure
Computational Nanoscience
People
Photonics Innovation
Michael Ochs, CIH
Jonathan Klane, M.S.Ed., CIH, CHMM, CET
ASSE
December 2013
AINE
Kick-Off
Worksho
p
April 4,
2008
Agenda
and
Presentati
ons
ASU's
nanotech
program
is ranked
6 in the
nationaccording
to Small
Times.
We are
also
ranked #1
in
commerci
alization
and #3 in
facilities
for
nanotech
nology.
The link
below will
provide
more
informatio
n.
View
Articles in
SmallTim
es
What’s in a name?
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Nanotechnology
Nanoscale
Nano-engineered materials (NEMs)
Nanoscience
Nanometer!
(“Nano Nano!” – Mork)
Nanoscale: 1 nm = 10-9 m
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A sheet of paper is about 100,000
nanometers thick
A strand of human DNA is 2.5 nanometers in
diameter
There are 25,400,000 nanometers in one
inch
A human hair is approximately 80,000100,000 nanometers wide
Properties of Nanoscale Materials:
• Nanomaterials have a larger surface area …
(When compared to an equal mass of the same
material in larger form)
• More chemically reactive ( toxicity)
• Strength & electrical properties affected
• Optical and magnetic behavioral changes
Hazard Identification Factors
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Chemical form
Size
Shape
Surface Area
Number
Density
Mass
Agglomeration
Porosity
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Charge
Reactivity
Solubility
Durability
Crystalline structure
Purity
Antigenicity
Different Types of Nanomaterials
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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
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Single Wall (SWNT)
Multi Wall (MWNT)
Carbon Black
Fullerenes, C60
Nanoclays
Polymeric Nanoparticles
Silver nanoparticles
Silicon Dioxide
Titanium Dioxide
Quantum Dots
Medical app’s:
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Appetite Control
Bone Replacement
Cancer
Chemical Substitutes
Cholesterol
Diagnostic Tests
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Drug Development
Hormone Therapy
Imaging
Immunosuppressant
Medical Tools
Health and Safety Concerns
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Absorption
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Ability to penetrate cellular
membranes maybe able
to past through blood
brain barrier
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Dermal
Respiratory
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Human exposures to airborne
nanomaterials must be
restricted.
More health effects:
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Mesothelioma in mice (asbestos and erionite)
Pulmonary inflammation
Possible fibrosis
Portal effect = URI
Exposures:
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Need 3 different means of measurements
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Mass = mg/day
Surface area = m2/day
Number = #/day
Potential pathways:
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Nose …
Lower resp. tract …
Lymph …
Blood …
Brain …
CSF …
Nano Research at ASU:
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‘Nanoprospecting’ project: fate/transport and
impact of nanomaterials (Paul Westerhoff)
Nanoscale energy transport processes
(Patrick Phelan)
CNTs in ISTB2
Others
Nano Research at ASU:
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AZ Initiative for Nano-Electronics (AINE)
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Coordinated network
nanophotonics, molecular electronics, nanoionics
and computational nanoscience
ultra-low power/ultra-high speed electronics, and
hybrid biomolecular electronics at the interface
between the biological and electronics worlds
CSSER, LE-CSSS and Bio-Design
Nano Research at ASU:
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ASU’s Center for Nanotech in Society –
world’s largest on societal aspects
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Research (RTTA and TRC)
Education (students)
Outreach (general public)
Traditional approach to keeping
workers healthy…
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Regulations
Toxicological Data
Engineering Controls
Administrative Controls
PPE
With nanomaterials, uncertainty
creates a dilemma
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Which PPE?
What Regulations?
Will Engineering Controls work?
What Toxicological Data?
Administrative Controls?
Can We Manage Exposures?
Absolutely
What Methods Are Available?
The Same Ones We’ve Been
Applying
Draft guidelines using numerous
resources
www.goodnanoguide.org
www.goodnanoguide.org
http://goodnano
guide.org/
Nanomat
erial+Occ
upational
+Risk+Ma
nagement
+Matrix
Do you perform exposure
sampling?
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Quantitative sampling have been deemed not
necessary for the some risk management
programs
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NIOSH’s strategy relies on area sampling
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What PEL to reference?
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Will direct air sampling work?
 Particle counters are expensive
Occupational Exposure Limits
NIOSH
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NIOSH RELs for Nanoscale substances
CNT and CNF
1 ug/m3
Titanium
Dioxide
0.3 mg/3
Occupational Exposure Limits
OSHA
PEL’s of Nanomaterials
SUBSTANCE
PEL
Aluminum oxide
10 mg/m3
Carbon Black
Magnesium oxide
3.5 mg/m3
10 mg/m3
Silver, metal
0.1 mg/m3
Iron Oxide
5 mg/m3
Silica, crystalline
0.25 mg/m3
Chromium, metal
Copper, dusts
Titanium dioxide
Tin, metal
0.5 mg/m3
1 mg/m3
10 mg/m3
2 mg/m3
Occupational Exposure
Standards
Occupational Exposure
Standards
EH&S Approach
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Prudent industrial hygiene practice
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Professional judgment
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ALARA - as low as reasonably achievable
Determine the risk level
Low – No potential for airborne
Moderate – May become airborne
High – Likely to become airborne
Determine your risk level
Nanotoolkit
California Nanosafety
Consortium of Higher
Education
EH&S Approach
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Regulate all nanomaterial use through the
Chemical Safety Committee
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Engineering Controls – Biosafety Cabinet, HEPA filter
in specific fume hoods or self contained animal cages
Administrative Controls
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Developed General Guidelines
Use Safer Sharps
On-going evaluation of literature and studies
Exposure Assessment through EH&S
Hazard Assessment through PeopleSoft
PPE
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Lab coat
Double gloving
Determine your risk level
Identify the controls needed
Engineering
Work Practices
PPE
EH&S Approach
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Engineering Controls – exhausted hoods
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Administrative Controls
 Develop General Guidelines
 On-going evaluation of literature and studies
 Exposure Assessment through EH&S
 Hazard Assessment
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PPE
 Lab coat (disposable non fabric)
 Double gloving
Determine the Controls
Exhaust Hoods
Highlight:
All airborne free particulate
nanomaterials should be
manipulated in exhausted
enclosures
Preferably Class II Type B2
hoods, or VAV fume hoods
Exhaust Hoods
Prefilters & HEPA filters will be serviced by
vendors using bag in / bag out methods
Standard Operating Procedure
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Hazards
Controls
Accident and Spill Procedures
Training
Disposal
References
Conclusion
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An effort to create prudent practices in the
absence of regulation
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Utilized existing and proven risk assessment
systems
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Guidelines at your site