Transcript Fire Safety - New York State Department of Labor

MSHA Fire Prevention
How Fires Start
• Fires need four elements in order to occur:
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Fuel
Oxygen
Heat
Chemical Reaction
How Fires Start
• Fuel: Any
combustible material
- solid, liquid or gas.
Most solids and
liquids become gas or
vapor before they
will burn.
How Fires Start
• Oxygen: The air we
breathe is about 21
percent oxygen. Fire
only needs 16 percent
oxygen to burn.
How Fires Start
• Heat: The energy
that causes the fuel
to produce vapors
which, in turn,
allows ignition to
take place.
How Fires Start
• Chemical Reaction: When
fuel, oxygen and heat come
together in the proper amounts
and under the right conditions,
a chemical chain reaction takes
place causing rapid oxidation
to occur. This rapid oxidation
results in fire.
How Fires Start
• Fires need four elements in order to occur:
Take away any of these elements and fire cannot
exist.
How Fires are Classified
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Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
How Fires are Classified
• Class A
– Ordinary
combustibles or
fibrous material such
as wood, paper, cloth,
rubber and some
plastics.
How Fires are Classified
• Class B
– Flammable liquids
such as gasoline,
kerosene, oil, paint,
paint thinners and
propane.
How Fires are Classified
• Class C
– Energized electrical
equipment such as
appliances, switches,
panel boxes and
power tools.
How Fires are Classified
• Class D
– Certain combustible
metals such as
magnesium, titanium,
potassium and sodium.
These materials can
react violently if they
come in contact with
ordinary extinguishing
agents.
How To Prevent Fires
• Class A - Ordinary Combustibles
– Keep storage and working areas free of trash
and unnecessary clutter.
– Place oily rags in covered containers. Make
sure the lid is replaced securely.
– Keep combustibles and fibrous materials such
as wood, paper or cloth well away from a
source that could cause them to ignite.
How To Prevent Fires
• Class B - Flammable Liquids or Gases
– Use flammable liquids only in well-ventilated
areas.
– Keep flammables away from any sparkproducing source.
How To Prevent Fires
• Class B - Flammable Liquids or Gases
– Store flammables in tightly-sealed, self-closing,
spill-proof containers. Pour only what you
need from storage containers.
– Do not refuel gasoline-powered equipment
while it’s still hot.
How To Prevent Fires
• Class C - Energized Electrical Equipment
– Check wiring and electrical fittings for wear or
damage. Report any hazardous conditions to
supervisor.
– Investigate any unusual odors coming from an
electrical device.
How To Prevent Fires
• Class C - Energized Electrical Equipment
– Prevent electrical equipment from overheating
by keeping it clean and in good working
condition.
– Do not overload electrical outlets.
– Never install a higher-rated fuse than what is
specified for a circuit.
How To Prevent Fires
• Class C - Energized Electrical Equipment
– Keep areas around electrical outlets or other
spark-producing devices free of combustible
materials such as paper, cloth or dust.
– Make sure utility lights have a guard over the
bulbs to prevent them from coming into direct
contact with combustible materials.
How To Prevent Fires
• Class D - Combustible Metals
– Handle all combustible metals, such as
magnesium, potassium, titanium and sodium, in
accordance with the specific guidelines
provided in the manufacturer’s MSDS’s.
Fire Extinguishers
• Many fire extinguishers
have multiple ratings:
– BC - Class-B fires or
Class-C fires
– ABC - Class-A, Class-B
or Class-C fires
Fire Extinguishers
• Many fire extinguishers have multiple
ratings:
– Class A and Class B extinguishers also have a
rating indicating how large a fire can be
extinguished by an experienced person.
Fire Extinguishers
• Many fire extinguishers have multiple
ratings:
– Class C extinguishers only have a letter rating
indicating that the extinguishing agent will not
conduct electricity.
Fire Extinguishers
• Many fire extinguishers have multiple
ratings:
– Class D extinguishers also have only a letter
rating and an indication of their effectiveness
on specific metals.
Pass Method of Using A Fire
Extinguisher
• P - Pull the pin.
• A - Aim the nozzle at the base of the flames.
• S - Squeeze the trigger while holding the
extinguisher upright.
• S - Sweep the extinguisher from side to side
covering the area of the fire.
When Not to Fight a Fire
• Never fight a fire if:
– The fire is spreading beyond the point where it
started.
– The flames are threatening to block your path
of escape.
– You don’t have the proper or adequate
equipment to extinguish the fire.
– If you are in any of these situations, do not fight
the fire yourself. Call for help and escape
immediately.
Emergency Action Plan
• Know exactly what to do when an alarm is
sounded.
• Know the primary and secondary escape
routes.
• Proceed calmly but quickly during an
evacuation.
• Treat each drill as if it were an actual
emergency.
Evacuate a Burning Building
• Proceed to the nearest exit outlined in your
Emergency Action Plan. Close, but do not
lock, the door behind you if you are the last
to leave your area.
• Use stairs to exit to the ground floor of
multi-level buildings. Never use elevators
in a fire drill or emergency.
Evacuate a Burning Building
• Stay close to the floor to avoid smoke or
toxic gases that may be present. If possible,
cover your nose and mouth with a damp
cloth to aid breathing.
• Once you are safely outside, report
immediately to a predetermined area.
If You Catch On Fire
• STOP - DROP - and ROLL
– Stop where you are. Do not run.
– Drop to the ground or floor.
– Roll around on the ground to extinguish the
flames.
If Trapped Inside...
• Do not panic.
• Try a locate a phone. Call for help and give
your exact location.
• Feel closed doors with the back of your
hand before opening. If hot, do not open.
Seal the cracks around door with anything
available.
If Trapped Inside ...
• Stay close to the floor
to avoid smoke and
toxic gases.
• If possible, open a
window to ventilate the
air and to make
breathing easier.
MSHA Requirements
• 56.4200(a) - In order to fight fires that could
endanger people, each mine shall have: onsite fire
fighting equipment for fighting fires in their early
stages AND equipment for fighting fires beyond
their early stages or arrangements made by the
operator with a local fire department prior to
having to fight a fire.
Type and Quantity
• 56.4200(b) - Onsite equipment shall be: of the
type,size,and quantity that can extinguish fires of
any class which may occur as the result of the
hazards that are present AND be strategically
located, readily accessible, plainly marked and
maintained in fire-ready condition.
Equipment Inspection
• 56.4201(a) - Equipment shall be inspected
as follows:
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fire extinguishers visually once a month (charged)
fire extinguishers once every 12 months (maintenance)
fire extinguishers once every 5 years (hydrostatic)
water pipes, valves, outlets, hydrants and hoses visually
once every 3 months and
– use-tested once every 12 months
– fire suppression systems once every 12 months
(functional)
Certification
• 56.4201(b) - At the completion of each
inspection or test, required by this section,
the person making the inspection or test
shall certify that the inspection or test has
been made and the date on which it was
made. Certification of hydrostatic testing
shall be retained for a year or until
extinguisher is re-tested or removed from
service
Fire Hydrants
• 56.4202 - IF fire hydrants are part of a
mine’s fire fighting system, the hydrants
shall be provided with:
– uniform fittings/adapters
– wrenches or keys
– compatible adapters for connection to any
fire company relied upon by the mine to
respond and fight fires.
Self-Propelled Mobile Equipment
• 56.4230(a)1 - Whenever a fire or its effects
could impede escape from self-propelled
equipment, a fire extinguisher shall be on the
equipment.
• 56.4230(a)2 - Whenever a fire or its effects
would not impede escape from equipment BUT
could affect the escape of other persons in the
area, a fire extinguisher shall be kept on the
equipment or within 100 feet of the equipment.
Fire Suppression
• 56.4230(b) - A fire suppression system may be
used as an alternative, in place of fire
extinguishers if the system can be activated
manually.
• 56.4230(c) - Fire suppression systems and fire
extinguishers shall be of the type and size so that
they can extinguish fires of any class in their early
stages which could originate from the hazards
inherent to the equipment. They shall be located to
permit use by people whose escape could be
impeded.
Evacuation & Rescue
• 56.4330(a) - Mine operators shall establish
emergency fire fighting, evacuation and rescue
procedures. These procedures shall be coordinated
in advance with available organizations.
• 56.4330(b) - Fire alarm procedures or systems
shall be established to warn every person who
could be endangered by fire.
• 56.4330(c) - Fire alarms shall be maintained in
operable condition.
Fire Fighting Drills
• 56.4331 - Emergency fire fighting drills
shall be held at least once every six
months for persons assigned fire fighting
responsibilities by the mine operator.
Tanks
• 56.4401 - Fixed, unburied, flammable or
combustible liquid storage tanks shall be
securely mounted on firm foundations.
Piping shall be provided with flexible
connections or other special fittings where
necessary to prevent leaks caused by tanks
settling.
Storage Tanks
• 56.4430(a) - Storage tanks shall be capable of withstanding
working pressures and stresses and compatible with the type
of liquid stored;
• Maintained in a manner that prevents leakage;
• Isolated or separated from ignition sources to prevent fire or
explosion; and vented or otherwise constructed to prevent
development of pressure or vacuum as a result of filling,
emptying, or atmospheric temperature changes. Vents for
storage of Class I, II, or IIIA liquids shall be isolated or
separated from ignition sources. These pressure relief
requirements do not apply to tanks used for storage of Class
IIIB liquids that are larger than 12,000 gallons in capacity.
Battery Charging
• 56.4502(a) - Battery charging stations shall be
ventilated with a sufficient volume of air to prevent the
accumulation of hydrogen gas.
• 564502(b) - Smoking or use of open flames,or any other
activity that could create an ignition source shall be
prohibited at the charging station during the time
batteries are being charged.
• 56.45012(C) - Readily visible signs prohibiting smoking
or open flames shall be posted at stations during
charging.
Conveyor Belts
• 56.4503 - Conveyor belts, within a confined
space where evacuation would be restricted in
the event of a fire resulting from belt-slippage
shall be equipped with a detection system
capable of automatically stopping the drive
pulley. A person shall attend the belt at the
drive pulley when it is necessary to operate the
conveyor while temporarily bypassing the
automatic function.
Welding
• 56.4600 - Fire extinguishers, appropriate for the type of
hazards, shall be provided at the work site during
welding, cutting, soldering, thawing or bending.
• 56.4601 - Oxygen cylinders shall not be stored in rooms
or areas used to store flammable or combustible liquids
or grease.
• 56.4602 - Gauges and regulators used with oxygen or
acetylene cylinders shall be kept clean and free of oil
and grease.
Welding
• 56.4604 - Before welding, cutting, or applying heat with an open
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flame to pipelines or containers that have contained flammable or
combustible liquids, flammable gases, or explosive solids, the
pipelines or containers shall beDrained, ventilated, and thoroughly cleaned of any residue;
Vented to prevent pressure build up during the application of heat;
and
Filled with an inert gas or water, where compatible; or
Determined to be free of flammable gases by a flammable gas
detection device prior to and at frequent intervals during the
application of heat.
Fire Prevention Means...
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Be Prepared to fight fires
Inspect equipment on a routine basis
Conduct fire drills periodically
Report all fires lasting 30 minutes or longer
to the Mine Safety and Health
Administration