Transcript IWAC - IWS - The Information Warfare Site

College of Aerospace
Doctrine, Research,
and Education
Electronic
Warfare
IW - 150
AFDD 2-5
INFORMATION SUPERIORITY
INFORMATION OPERATIONS
INFORMATION-in-WARFARE
gain
exploit
INFORMATION WARFARE
attack
defend
COUNTERINFORMATION
Precision
Nav & Position
ISR
Other Info Collection/
Dissemination Activities
Weather
DEFENSIVE
COUNTERINFORMATION
PAO
Information CounterAssurance Intelligence
Successfully executed
Information Operations
achieve information superiority
OFFENSIVE
COUNTERINFORMATION
PSYOP
Physical
Attack
OPSEC
CounterPropaganda
Military
Deception
Electronic
Warfare
Electronic
Protect
CounterDeception
CNA
PAO
CND
PAO
Overview
EW FUNDAMENTALS
ELECTRONIC
SUPPORT
- Basics
- Assets
ELECTRONIC
PROTECT
- Basics
- Assets
INTEGRATION
ELECTRONIC
ATTACK
- Basics
- Assets
Electronic Warfare
… any military action involving the
use of electromagnetic and directed
energy to control the electromagnetic
AFDD 2-5.1 spectrum or to attack an adversary.
Why is Electronic Warfare a
pillar of Information Warfare?
INFORMATION FUNCTIONS
ACROSS THE EM SPECTRUM!
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COMINT
COMMS
SIGINT
Denial (OPSEC)
Indications &
Warning
• Deception
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Examples
Laser Rangefinders
Microwave Comms
Radar Surveillance
Electronic ID (IFF)
Infrared Imagery
EHF for Satellite
Control
IW Flights at Selected NAFs
• MISSION: Provide full OCI/DCI planning
capability to the NAF
Flight Chief / Deputy
OCI Officer
DCI Officer
IA Planners
EW Planner
OPSEC Planner
Counterdeception
Planner
Counterintelligence
Planner
NOSC-Defense
Planner (A6)
Deception Planner
Special IO Planner
PSYOP Planner
Space Planner
SIGINT, ELINT, MASINT
HUMINT Specialists
26-29 Personnel
Counterintelligence
Analysts
Electromagnetic Spectrum
The range of frequencies of
electromagnetic radiation
from zero to infinity
EM SPECTRUM
3
0
0
M
H
z
3
0
M
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z
3
M
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z
3
0
0
G
H
z
3
0
G
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3
G
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z
MICROWAVES
1km
HF
VHF
1m
UHF
T
H
z INFINITY
ELECTRO-OPTICAL
RADIO WAVES
MF
3
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z
3
0
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VISIBLE
3
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D K
C H
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SHF
MM
WAVES
INFRARED
ULTRA
VIOLET
GAMMA
RAYS
EHF
1 mm
WAVELENGTH
X-RAYS
1 um
.1 um
.72 um .4 um
Frequency Bands
LF
LORAN C
100 kHz
MF
LORAN A
AM RADIO
1750-1950 kHz
535-1605 kHz
HF
CITIZENS BAND
26.965-27.405 MHz
VHF
TV (CH 2-6)
FM RADIO
VOR
VHF COMM
TV (CH 7-13)
UHF
UHF COMM
TV (CH 14-83)
TACAN
54-88 MHz
88-108 MHz
108 - 118 MHz
118 - 136 MHz
174-216MHz
225 - 400 MHz
470-890 MHz
962-1213 MHz
EW FUNDAMENTALS
ELECTRONIC
SUPPORT
ELECTRONIC
ATTACK
ELECTRONIC
PROTECT
INTEGRATION
Electronic Attack
That division of electronic warfare involving the
use of electromagnetic (EM), directed energy
(DE) or anti-radiation weapons to attack
personnel, facilities,
or equipment with the
intent of degrading, neutralizing, or destroying
enemy combat capability
Anti-Radiation Munitions
Any munition
using an enemy’s
source of
electromagnetic
radiation as a
primary means of
terminal guidance
for the purpose of
damaging or
destroying the
source
ARM Effects?
BEFORE
AFTER
SA-2 FAN SONG RADAR
Directed Energy
Directed energy is an
umbrella term for
technologies relating
to the production of a
beam of concentrated
EM energy or atomic
or subatomic particles
LASERS
• Common on the battlefield
• Low power
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Dazzle / disorient personnel
Degrade sensors / optics
Objects with or near the source veiled
• High power
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Eye damage
Destroy sensors / optics
Damage / degrade guidance & seeker
hardware
At long ranges dazzle / disorient
NonDestructive EA
• Jamming
• Electromagnetic
Deception
Noise Jamming
The deliberate radiation, reradiation or
reflection of electromagnetic energy
Advantages
+
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Instantaneous application
Repeated applications
Degrades radar capabilities
Disadvantages
–
–
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Loss of surprise
Effects on friendly systems
Effectiveness measured by
end game response
Electromagnetic Jamming
...Often a battle of brute force
Electronic Attack Assets
EC-130H
F-16 CJ
EA-6B
DRONES
EC-130H
Compass Call
ROLE:
Conducts information warfare
using a computer-assisted and
operator-controlled narrow
band comm & data-link jammer
system
DESIGNED TO COUNTER:
Air-to-air communication systems (A/A)
Airborne-controlled intercept systems (ACI)
Ground-controlled intercept systems (GCI)
Command and control networks (C2)
F-16CJ
Wild Weasel
ROLE:
Multi-role, single seat, all
weather, air superiority fighter
MISSIONS:
Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD)
Destruction of Enemy Air Defenses (DEAD)
Offensive-Counter Air (OCA)
Defensive-Counter Air (DCA)
EA-6B
Prowler
ROLE:
To support strike aircraft and
ground troops by degrading
enemy electronic activity and
to obtain tactical electronic
intelligence
MISSIONS:
Electronic Support (ES)
Electronic Attack (EA)
Suppression of Enemy Air Defense (SEAD)
Electronic Deception
The deliberate radiation, re-radiation,
alteration, absorption, or reflection of
electromagnetic energy in a manner to
mislead an enemy in the interpretation
or use of information received by his
electronic systems
• Meaconing
•Chaff
•Flares
• A-10 Rudders
• B-2 Engines
• Stealth Technology
Chaff
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Thin strips of metal or metalized glass
Reradiate the radar energy
Cut to counter specific frequencies
Purpose
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Generate False Targets
Deny Radar Scan (Chaff Corridor)
Track breaking (against target trackers)
• In operational use since 1943
Flares
• Rapid burning dispensable
• Function
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Decoy for IR missile
• Characteristics
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Must have more IR energy in the
missile’s FOV than the aircraft
Appropriate frequency coverage
Enough burn time
LARGE FOV
SMALL FOV
Drones
• Designed to saturate the enemy’s air
defense systems
• Act as missile bait
– Quail
– Sampson
– TALD
• Shooters?
OVERVIEW
EW FUNDAMENTALS
ELECTRONIC
SUPPORT
ELECTRONIC
ATTACK
ELECTRONIC
PROTECT
INTEGRATION
Electronic Protect
Actions taken to protect personnel,
facilities, and equipment from any effects
of friendly or enemy employment of EW
that degrade, neutralize, or destroy friendly
combat capability.
EMCON
Emissions control
Selective and controlled use of EM, acoustic,
or other emitters to optimize C2 capabilities
while minimizing detection of enemy sensors
Example: Turn off mapping radar...
Turn off IFF?
What sort of IW is EMCON?
EM Hardening
• Action taken to protect personnel,
facilities, and/or equipment against
undesirable effects of EM energy
• Methods
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Filtering
Attenuating
Grounding
Shielding
Hardening forms a solid barrier
against unwanted EM energy
Frequency Deconfliction
• Joint Restricted Frequency List (JRFL)
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Guarded
• Frequencies exploited by intelligence
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Restricted
• Friendly frequencies which should not be
jammed unless absolutely necessary
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Taboo
• Friendly frequencies that must never be jammed
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Who cares about the JRFL?
Other EP Techniques
• WARM
• Frequency Hopping
• Directional
Antennas
• LPI
• Go off spectrum
EW FUNDAMENTALS
ELECTRONIC
SUPPORT
ELECTRONIC
ATTACK
ELECTRONIC
PROTECT
INTEGRATION
Electronic Support
Actions taken by, or under direct
control of an operational commander
to search for, identify, and locate
sources of radiated electromagnetic
energy for immediate threat
recognition in support of EW and
other tactical operations
Electronic Support
• ES provides a source of information required
for immediate decisions involving electronic
attack (EA), avoidance, targeting and other
tactical employment of forces—particularly
SEAD forces!
• ES assets and data can also be used to
produce signals intelligence (SIGINT),
communications intelligence (COMINT) and
electronic intelligence (ELINT)
Electronic Support Assets
U-2
RC-12
EP-3
RC-135
U-2S
Dragon Lady
ROLE:
ES / SIGINT / IMINT support
to theater commander,
battlestaff & warfighters
EP-3
Aries
ROLE & MISSION:
• Multi-INT scientific and
technical collection of naval
and littoral targets
• Fleet support
SENSORS:
• ACINT
• COMINT
• ELINT
• LASINT
• IMINT: oblique camera,
vertical camera, FLIR, &
TOSS
RC-12
Guardrail
• US Army modified C-12
• COMINT / ELINT collection
program
–
Common sensor
• Tethered to a ground site
• Subordinate to army corps CC
RC-135
Rivet Joint
ROLE:
Collect, correlate, fuse, and
disseminate tactical
intelligence in near real-time
to the warfighter
DESIGNED TO:
Conduct electronic warfare support
Provide ELINT and COMINT
Establish OB baselines
Provide indications and warnings
Provide limited BDA
AUTOMATIC SYSTEMS
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Computer driven
Timeliness
Data link
Accuracy
LOB’s
Limited parametric data
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RF, PRI, PW
• Process thousands of signals
per mission
–
Hundreds of signals
simultaneously
THE FUTURE - UAVs
• 5 UAVs UNDER
DEVELOPMENT
• JOINT AIRBORNE
SIGINT ARCHITECTURE
(JASA)
EW FUNDAMENTALS
ELECTRONIC
SUPPORT
ELECTRONIC
ATTACK
ELECTRONIC
PROTECT
INTEGRATION
SUPPRESSION OF
ENEMY AIR DEFENSE
(SEAD)
That activity which neutralizes,
destroys, or temporarily degrades
enemy air defenses in a specific area
by physical attack, deception and/or
electronic warfare
Goals of SEAD
• Isolate -- SAM or AAA operator from C2
• Minimize --shrink associated weapon’s
system engagement envelope (jamming
and deception)
• Disable/Destroy -- the weapon system
(ARMs, bombs, etc.)
• Bombs on Target -- allow the strike
package to deliver ordnance on the
JFACC’s targets.
Theater SEAD Campaign
Integrates IW, IIW, and EW
• EA—HARMs, Jamming Acquisition radars,
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Deceiving Passive collectors, denying Comms
ES--Use of Collectors to target IADS nodes
(TCT) and provide warning to strikers/HVAA
OPSEC to protect mission
PSYOPS to reinforce desired behavior
Information Attack: Deceive or Deny IADS
IIW: IPB, fused real-time intel, assessment