Transcript Diapositiva 1

Saccharomyces cerevisiae bio-active cell
European patent (n.0111202)
October 2005
European patent (n.98116181.3)
AN INACTIVATED
SACCHAROMICES CEREVISAE
(SC)
PRODUCED BY A PATENTED
PROCESS TO PRESERVE
NUTRITIONAL CONTENT
USE OF YEAST IN
RUMINANTS
• 40S: first
research in USA
• 50s-60s:
researches on
SC show growth
effects of +6%
with 8
gr/head/day
USE OF YEAST IN
RUMINANTS
PUBLISHED STUDIES:
 2 BEFORE 1980
 41 BETWEEN 1980-1990
 150 FROM 1990 TO DATE
In USA dairy cows using SC move from
19% in 90s from 51% to day
1975
DOXAL
starts
researching and
manufacturing SC
Two main questions:
• Why Saccharomyces
Cerevisiae?
• Dead or alive
cells?
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
Piva et al (1984) SC increase
fiber digestion in rumen
Dawson(1990)Williams(1991)
Girard(1996):SC stimulates
Megasphaera Elsdenii
Federique Chacheyras-Durand
INRA (1995): SC stimulates
Megasphaera Elsdenii
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
Chacheyras(1995):
SC increases cellulosolytic fungi
Feedstuffs n.24(10-6-96)
SC inactivates mycotoxins in
rumen
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
Wallace(1991):SC increase dry
matter intake
Nisbet-Martin(1991):Selenomonas
ruminantium is stimulated by malic
acid of SC
Erasmus(1992)-Dawson(1990)
Megasphaera Elsdenii and
Selenomonas Ruminantium are
stimulated by peptides of SC
Explanations involving compounds
contained INSIDE the cell:
Dead or Alive
•Calleway-Martin(1997) :vitamins, aminoacids,organic
acids
•Nisbet-Martin((1991) : malic acid
•Dawson(1990)-Girard(1996) short chain peptides
•INF. ZOOTEC(1995)many authors:increase of
Ruminococcus albus by short chain peptides.
•Cevolani –Pepe(2001)Vit b,glutamic
acid,glutathion,nucleotides,nucleosides,
•Erasmus(2002):short chain peptides
Explanations to support live yeast
• Newbold(1996)
• Wallace (1998)
SC
increases O2 consumption
in rumen?
WHY THIS LAST
EXPLANATION IS
FALSE?
SC cannot survive in rumen:
VanSoest - Nutritional Ecology of Ruminants
Fantuz (1999)
Ilkyu Yoon Feed International (2003)
University of Turin:propionic acid at 0,5% toxic for
SC (in rumen 4%)
In 1995 University of Piacenza (PIVA)
made a trial in vitro with Yea –sacch
(ALL-TECH) where it proved to be
effective in stimulating Megasphaera
Elsdenii.
The in vitro medium was
completely anaerobe
How should be the ideal
yeast for ruminants?
BIO-ACTIVE
BUT NOT ALIVE
BIO-ACTIVE BUT NOT ALIVE
•It has to keep its content intact until it
reaches the rumen.
•It should not have any activity that
delays the release of this substances in
rumen.
•The cell wall must be degradable in the
rumen
•It must have a high number of cells per
gram of product
Why THEPAX ® is
the ideal yeast?
• 30 years experience
• 2 European Patents (n.0111202)
• Bio-active but not alive
• It is the best strain for rumen enviroment
• High number of cells per gr of product (30 x
109)
THEPAX ® cells viewed at electron
microscope
WHY ADMINISTERING LIVE SC
WHEN IT DOES NOT SURVIVE IN
THE RUMEN?
BECAUSE THEY
ARE NOT ABLE
TO “KILL” THE CELL
WITHOUT DESTROYING IT
THEPAX
®
in ruminants
UNIVERSITY OF PIACENZAITALY
IN VITRO: rumen content from fasting
heifers containing 250ppm Thepax
VFA
Control
119mg/ 100ml
Thepax
150 mg/100 ml
UNIVERSITY OF PIACENZAITALY
IN VIVO:fistulated heifers, fed Thepax 10g/head
Control
Acetic Acid (mMol%)
Thepax
57
69
pH
6.69
6.89
Butyric Acid (mMol%)
9.05
14.71
(Piva et All., Microbial.Alim. Nutr.1991)
COMPARATIVE TEST ON 40 FIRST-LACTATION COWS
(South France, 2003),BETWEEN LIVE YEAST VS THEPAX
CONTROL
LIVE YEAST
(lb)
THEPAX
(lb)
DIFFERENCE
(lb)
P. VALUE
PRE-TEST
WEIGHTS
75.6
76.3
0.7
0.583
WEEK 1
62.1
69.9
7.8
0.001
WEEK 2
72.7
74.4
1.7
0.560
WEEK 3
65.6
70.1
4.5
0.115
WEEK 4
64.3
71.1
6.8
0.020
WEEK 5
61.7
69.1
7.4
0.005
Avg. test weights
65.3
70.9
5.6
0.021
POST TEST
WEIGHTS
64.3
66.7
2.4
0.530
TEST
MEGASPHAERA ELSDENII
M.elsdenii
M.elsdenii + Thepax
10
**
8
*
**
**
6
mM
4
2
0
L-lactate consumed
Acetate
Propionate
BACTERIAL METABOLITES
6,8
6,6
CONTROL
THEPAX
6,4
6,2
6
5,8
5,6
5,4
5,2
5
HAY
HAY+BARLEY
The pH drop
induced by
concentrate
feeding is
somewhat
reduced by
feeding
THEPAX©
6,40
pH
6,20
6,00
Thepax
5,80
5,60
Control
5,40
5,20
5,00
4,80
-1
0
feeding
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Hours after feeding
THEPAX© stabilises the daily variation in rumen pH.
•Tartari-Benatti -University of
Turin
•Bullocks from 336 to 430 kg
Daily Gain (gr)
Control
839
Thepax3gr
918
Thepax 6gr
986
Avilamycin340mg
958
Mr Busso Marco Farm
Cavour(Torino) Italy
Trial : March ,27th,1995
Breed used in the trial
Blonde d’Aquitaine
Results of the trial:
Control
Initial weight:377kg
Final weight:462,7kg
Adg : 1,948kg
Intake: 8,99 kg DM
(feed and hay given ad libitum)
THEPAX ® 10gr
Initial weight:395kg
Final weight: 484,7kg
Adg : 2,040kg
Intake:9,50 kg DM
Feed composition:
• Hay ad libitum
• Feed composition:
Corn
Wheat bran
Soyabean meal
Doxal premix
Calcium soap
63 %
20 %
12 %
3%
2%
Licee’ de Saint Affrique-Guitard
Feb. 2005
Trial on fattening lambs :
54 lambs from 4.5 to 38 kg
ADG (gr):
Feed Consumption:
Control : 343
Control : kg 100.7
Thepax : 359
Thepax : kg 104.6
(400g/ton)