Ractopamine, Response, Economics, and Issues

Allan P. Schinckel Purdue University Department of Animal Sciences

Paylean™ - Ractopamine

• Feed additive; • Feed 150 to 240 lbs. live weight (last 90 lbs. live weight gain); • Feed at 4.5 to 18 grams/ton (5-20 ppm)

Paylean™ - Ractopamine

• Small compound; • Partitions energy from fat growth to lean growth; • Increases protein accretion and muscle growth; • Increases muscle fiber diameter.

What is Ractopamine?

•  agonist; • not a hormone; • not a steroid; • not “biotechnology.”

Impact of ractopamine level on average daily gain of SEW gilts.

1.30

1.25

1.20

1.15

1.10

1.05

1.00

79 82 0 84 87 89 5ppm 92 94 96 99

Live Weight (kg)

101 103 105 107 110 10ppm 20ppm

Impact of ractopamine on fat-free lean gain (g/d) on SEW gilts.

600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 0

Live Weight (kg)

5ppm 10ppm 20ppm

Impact of ractopamine on protein accretion.

220 200 180 160 140 120 100 0

Live Weight (kg)

5ppm 10ppm 20ppm

Impact of ractopamine on lipid accretion (g/d).

450 400 350 300 250 200 79 82 0 84 87 89 92 94 96 99 101 103 105 107 110

Live Weight (kg)

5ppm 10ppm 20ppm

Impact of ractopamine level on feed conversion for SEW gilts.

3.3

3.1

2.9

2.7

2.5

2.3

2.1

1.9

1.7

1.5

79 82 84 87 89 92 94 96 99 101 103 105 107 110

Live Weight (kg)

0 5ppm 10ppm 20ppm

Value of 9 g/ton Ractopamine for the last 90 lbs. before market.

Growth 4.1 less days  $.15/day Feed Cost: 337 lbs. of .6% lysine $.0503/lb.

289 lbs. of .78% lysine $.0539/lb.

48 lbs.

.62

16.95

15.58

1.37

Dressing percentage 1.1% at 250 lbs. live weight 2.75 lb at $.60/lb.

1.65

Total $3.64

Ractopamine fed at 9.0 g/ton for the last 90 lbs. of live weight gain increases % dissected lean from 51.8 to 57.5%; • 10.45 lbs. more dissected lean.

How much will pork processor payment systems pay for an extra 10.45 lbs. of lean?

Depends . . .

• on accuracy of the equation and measurements used in the equation development; • the accuracy of the measurements in the pork processing plants;

and. . .

• technologies used to predict lean mass; • Ractopamine causes a change in muscle distribution and increases lean in the ham, belly and shoulder.

Based on lean cut out-boneless loins and dissected ham lean. . .

• Each lb. of lean has a value of 1.00/lb (Ackridge et al., 1991); • Based on lean cut out values . . . 18 g/ton (20 ppm) fed the last 90 lbs. will increase carcass value by approximately $10.45 per head.;

Carcass Measurements % RAC Fat-free Lean Response detected

Midline last rib backfat, CW Optical probe, CW Tenth rib fat depth, loin eye area, CW TOBEC, CW Dissected ham lean, CW TOBEC, fat depth, CW Best TOBEC analysis fat depth, CW 15.2

52.4

49.5

74.1

95.4

82.1

99.0

Dose Response Trial (3)

• A twenty trial summary of growth performance indicates that the RAC response on growth performance is dose related and consistent (Elanco, 1999) • Gu et al., 1991 indicated that RAC increased growth rate and feed efficiency over various genotypes

Objectives

• Determine magnitude of response to RAC at varying levels with three industry terminal cross lines with increased lean accretion rates over a four week time period

Procedures

• 300 gilts from 3 lines; BW=184 lb • 4 treatments; 6 week trial – Control – 4.5 g/ton – 9 g/ton – 18 g/ton – Pigs were fed a diet containing a 1.1% lys level for the 4 week time period • Pigs were weighed and scanned weekly

ADG

lbs/d C.V.

3 3.80

2.5

* * * 2 1.5

1 Wks 1 * * * 6.33

6.35

* * * 5.53

Diet = P<.05

* * * Wks 2 Control Wks 3 4.5 g/ton 9 g/ton Wks 4 18 g/ton Overall

ADFI

lbs/d C.V.

6.5

3.80

6 5.5

ab ab b a 5 4.5

Wks 1 b ab a ab 6.33

a a a a 6.35

b ab ab a 5.53

Diet = P<.05

b ab b a b Wks 2 Control Wks 3 4.5 g/ton 9 g/ton Wks 4 18 g/ton Overall

F:G

lbs/d C.V.

4 3.80

3.5

3 2.5

c bc ab a 2 Wk 1 b a a a 6.33

b a a a 6.35

b a a a 5.53

Diet = P<.05

b a a a Wk 2 Control Wk 3 4.5 g/ton 9 g/ton Wk 4 18 g/ton Overall

Carcass Measurements

Slaughter BW, lbs HCW, lbs % Yield Control 245.8

a 4.5 g/ton RAC 253.7

b 180.3

73.3

a a 187.4

74.3

b b 10th Rib FD, in LD, in % Lean .70

b 2.19

a 54.7

a .66

ab 2.27

55.5

a ab 9 g/ton RAC 254.2

b 18 g/ton RAC 255.1

b 188.0

73.9

.67

2.32

55.5

b ab b ab ab 190.3

74.4

.65

2.40

56.2

a b b b b C.V.

6.00

6.49

2.36

20.0

11.5

4.11

The Effect of Paylean on Cost / Premium in Late Finishing Pigs

Control 4.5

Paylean 9 18 Paylean Paylean # of Pigs HCW, lbs Cost/lb gain, $* 28 day feed cost, $* Premium/pig, $ Total price/pig $ Pig price minus feed cost 72 180.3

a .1932

ab 10.66

a 6.68

a 107.78

97.12

a 75 187.4

.1853

11.37

7.47

b 113.05

b a b 101.68

b 70 188.0

.1989

12.62

7.55

b 113.35

b b b 100.75

b 75 190.3

.2188

13.90

8.06

Net above cost 4.56

3.63

4.20

Cost of Paylean included for those diets containing Paylean b 115.22

b c b 101.32

b Std.

Error 1.48

.003

.295

.253

1.08

Relative response of 5 ppm versus 20 ppm ractopamine in past research trials.

Growth Variable Average Daily Gain g/day Average Feed Intake kg/day Feed Conversion Carcass Variables Dressing Percentage Percent Lean 10 th Rib Backfat Depth (cm) 0 834 2.99

3.62

73.3

51.8

2.74

5 894 2.95

3.33

73.7

53.9

2.09

20 916 2.87

3.16

74.4

57.5

2.41

SE 5 .02

.02

.1

.1

.05

5 ppm/ 20 ppm .72

.33

.63

.36

.37

.24

Relative response of 5 ppm versus 20 ppm ractopamine in recent research trials.

Growth Variable Average Daily Gain g/day Average Feed Intake kg/day Feed Conversion Carcass Variables Dressing Percentage Percent Lean 10 th Rib Backfat Depth (cm) 0 884 2.61

2.95

73.3

54.7

1.78

5 993 2.55

2.56

74.3

55.3

1.68

20 1025 2.48

2.43

SE 13 5 ppm/ 20 ppm .90

.05

.05

.55

.75

74.4

56.2

1.65

.2

.3

.05

.90

.55

.77

Conclusions

• Pigs fed RAC had an increase in ADG of 7.7% compared to the control treatment, however, no differences were observed between RAC treatments • 18 g/ton RAC had reduced ADFI of 5% compared to 9 g/ton RAC treatment • All pigs fed RAC had improved F:G of 17.5% compared to the control treatment

Conclusions

• All pigs fed RAC had an increase in final BW and HCW • 18 g/ton RAC had decreased fat depth (7.9%) and increased loin depth (8.5%) compared to the control treatment • 18 g/ton RAC had increased loin depth compared to 4.5 g/ton RAC • Actual lean mass increases as Paylean increases from 4.5 to 18 g/ton

Implications

• As the level of RAC was increased in the diet, growth performance and carcass traits were improved with a four week feeding program • However, 85% of the increase in ADG and F:G in all 3 genotypes were observed at the 4.5 g/ton RAC level

Our Recommendations 1. If pigs are close to optimal percent lean • Feed 4.5 g/ton level, target pigs for 20-28 d on Paylean, increase lysine by 35% the first two weeks and 20-25% the second two weeks.

Our Recommendations 2. To increase the lean percentage • Feed 4.5 g for approximately 2-1/2 weeks and 9 g/ton for 2-1/2 weeks. Increase lysine by 35% for the first phase and 25-30% the second phase.