Transcript Doubling - English Language Entertainment

Doubling
(the C-V-C spelling rule)
a presentation by Rick Shur
LaGuardia Community College
Credit ESL Dept.
The following end in C-V-C
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
run
skip
swim
prod
slug
bar
big
There are two kinds of letters...
• Vowels
• Consonants
5 Vowels
a
e
i
o
u
21 Consonants
bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz
C-V-C endings
• r (consonant)
• u (vowel)
• n (consonant)
•
•
•
•
s
k (consonant)
i (vowel)
p (consonant)
•
•
•
•
s
w (consonant)
i (vowel)
m (consonant)
•
•
•
•
p
r (consonant)
o (vowel)
d (consonant)
•
•
•
•
s
l (consonant)
u (vowel)
g (consonant)
• b (consonant)
• a (vowel)
• r (consonant)
• b (consonant)
• i (vowel)
• g (consonant)
If you add...
•
•
•
•
ing
er
est
ed
to a ONE-syllable word ending in
consonant - vowel - consonant
double the last letter
• base form +
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
run
skip
swim
prod
slug
bar
big
ing
er
running runner
skipping skipper
swimming swimmer
prodding prodder
slugging slugger
barring
bigger
ed
est
skipped
prodded
slugged
barred
biggest
if you are adding these endings
to a TWO-syllable word ending
in
consonant - vowel - consonant
double the last letter
only if
the LAST syllable
has the STRESS
(the stressed syllable
is the loud, accented
one)
The following end in C-V-C
with the stress at the end
(on the LAST syllable)
• begin
• prefer
• repel
The following end in C-V-C
They DO NOT have the stress
on the LAST syllable!
• listen
• offer
• travel
DOUBLE
gin
• prefer
• repel
• be
beginning
beginner
preferring
preferred
repelling
repelled
DON’T
DOUBLE
• listen
• offer
• travel
listening
offering
traveling
listened
offered
traveled
(Okay, you will see travelled and
travelling in the dictionary, too.
This is an exception to the doubling rule.
You can double final l
if you want to
even if the stress is not at the END!)
Now, you decide...
DOUBLE
or
DON’T DOUBLE?
forget + ing
forgetting
forget ends in g e t
and the stress is
at the end…
forget
SO YOU DOUBLE!
try this one...
target + ing
targeting
target ends in g e t
and the stress is
at the beginning…
target
SO YOU DON’T DOUBLE!
targeting
targeted
targeter
try this one...
control + ed
control l ed
control ends in r o l
and the stress is
at the end…
control
SO YOU DOUBLE!
controlling
controlled
controller
try this one...
shop + er
shopper
shop ends in h o p and it’s
only ONE syllable!
SO YOU DOUBLE!
try this one...
shop + ed
shopped
shop ends in h o p and it’s
only ONE syllable!
remember…
You double before ing,
but also before ed, er, est!
SO YOU DOUBLE!
shopping
shopped
shopper
hugging
hugged
hugger
try this one...
slimming
slimmed
slimmer
and it’s
only ONE syllable!
bum + er
bummer
bum ends in b u m
(that’s the
whole word!)
SO YOU DOUBLE!
(If you got that one wrong,
I hope you’re not bummed out,
I don’t enjoy bumming people out!)
try this one...
and it’s
only ONE syllable!
step + ing
stepping
step ends in t e p
step + ed
step p ed
step ends in t e p
and it’s
only ONE syllable!
SO YOU DOUBLE!
(Did you remember?
You double for ing
and also for
ed
er
est)
stepping
stepped
try this one...
step + er
stepper
(a “high stepper” is a dancer)
step ends in t e p
and it’s
only ONE syllable!
You’re getting the idea now!
(I hope.)
sleep + ing
sleeping
sleep ends in e e p
and that’s NOT
C V C!!!
(it’s V V C)
SO YOU DON’T DOUBLE!
try this one...
work ends in o r k
work + er
worker
and that’s NOT
C V C!!!
it’s V C C
SO YOU DON’T DOUBLE!
try this one...
sleep + ed
slept
It’s irregular!
(I just wanted to make sure
you weren’t sleeping!)
write + ing
writeing
write ends in i t e
and that’s NOT
C V C!!!
For write
You just drop
the final e
and add the ending,
and DON’T DOUBLE!
drop the final e
•
•
•
•
•
•
write
writ (drop the final e)
writing (ading the ing and DON’T double)
double
doubl (drop the final e)
doubling (add the ing and DON’T double)
try this one...
hope + ing
hopeing
write ends in o p e
and that’s NOT
C V C!!!
(Just drop the
final e!)
• hope
• hop (drop the final e)
• hoping (add the ing and DON’T double)
I’m hoping you got that one
right!
Did you?
Try this...
hop + ing
(Hop means to jump
like a bunny rabbit.
I hope you understand the word hop.)
p
hop ing
hop ends in h o p
and that IS
C V C!!!
SO YOU DOUBLE!
hopping
hopped
hopper
I’m hoping that you’re hopping
up and down with joy!
Are you?
Try this...
show + ed
showed
New rule!
NEVER DOUBLE a w!
mix + ing
mixing
Another exception!
NEVER DOUBLE an x!
pay + ing
paying
One more exception!
Never double a y!
Three exceptions!
Never double a w!
Never double an x!
Never double a y!
(Did you know that they call
the W
the “double-u”
because in the original Latin
writing system
the u and the v were the same
letter?
Some languages call it
the “double-v”!
Am I boring you?)
One more strange exception!
The qu combination
acts together like one Consonant
SO...
quit
quitting
quitter
equip
equipping
equipped
That’s enough to chew on
for the moment.
Your teacher will be givving you
some handouts for practiccing all of this.
You should start writting immediately.
While you’re answerring the questions,
I hope you’ll be thinkking hard
as you’re workking. You’ll be showwing
that you were payying attention,
and you won’t be makking mistakes
like the ones appearring here.