Transcript Ozone Depletion I

The European Union
“Faire L’Europe C’est Faire Le
Paix” Jean Monnet
 Jean Monnet
 Robert Shuman
Europe United
 The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), 1952
 The European Community (EC)
– Treaty of Rome (1957)
– Single European Act (1986) – common market
 European Union (EU)
– Maastricht treaty (1992)-monetary union
 Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe
(2004)
Levels of Economic Integration
 Free Trade Area (FTA):
– North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
 Customs Union:
– European Community before Single European Act
– MERCOSUR
 Common market:
– European Community after Single European Act (1986) implemented
 Economic and monetary union
– European Union after Maastricht treaty (1992) implemented
European Union Enlargement
 1973: Britain, Ireland, Denmark (9)
 1980s: Greece, Portugal, Spain (12)
 1994: Austria, Finland, and Sweden (15)
 2004: 8 CEE countries, Malta, and Cyprus (25)
– Bulgaria, Romania – bid for 2007 membership
– Turkey, Croatia – started membership negotiations
European Institutions
(Supranational Institutions)
 European Council
– Heads of States
 Council of Ministers
– Government officials/Ministers
 European Parliament
– Directly elected country representatives
 European Commission
– 25 commissioners, civil servants
– Directorates Generals: Environment, Trade, Justice, External Relations,
etc.
 European Court of Justice
 European Central Bank
EU Legislation Case Study
 Directive 2001/80/EC limiting emissions of certain air
pollutants large combustion plants (SO2, NOx, dust)
 European Commission
– 1997 Acidification Strategy
– Proposes directive to tighten emissions for power plants
 Council of Ministers and European Parliament adopt directive
in 2001
 European Commission monitors
ECJ: Cassis de Dijon
 Germany bans import of Cassis de Dijon liqueur
 German import company Rowe-Zentral AG takes
case to the ECJ
 Precedent for the “mutual recognition” principle
European Budget
 Total (2005): 106bn Euros
 Agriculture (46%):
– “with the amount of EU
agricultural subsidies you can
fly every EU cow across the
Atlantic first class”
 Regional and Structural
Funds (30%)
Source:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/europe/0
4/money/html/other.stm