Transcript No Slide Title

NIHE/KVL status
Presentations:
1. Ww treatment capacity – microbiological quality
2. Microbiological quality of water spinach
3. Toxic metals in water spinach, fish and environment
4. Skin problmes among farmers engaged in ww-fed
agri-aquaculture
5. Anthropologial study of farmers perceptions of ww
use and associated health risks
6. Fishborne zoonotic parasites in ww-fed fish in Hanoi
and Nam Dinh
Wastewater Treatment Capacity of PeriUrban Aquatic Production System in
Phnom Penh and Hanoi
Vuong Tuan Anh1, Phung Dac Cam1, and Anders Dalsgaard2
1Division
of Enteric Infection Diseases, National Institute of Hygiene and
Epidemiology, Vietnam; 2Department of Pathobiology, Royal Veterinary
and Agricultural University, Denmark
Study objectives
1.
2.
Assessing the level of variation of numbers of
thermotolerant coliforms and helminth eggs in
wastewater (ww) at inlets and outlets of aquatic
production system
Assessing microbiological water quality to which
farmers are exposed during working
Phnom Penh
Introduction of study sites


Urban Wastewater (ww) discharged to Boeng
Cheung Ek (BCE) lake

BCE lake: 2 inlets (called Tumpun and Trabek
pumping stations) and 1 outlet (STEUNG
CHROV stream)

Aquatic production: water spinach
Control site: Boeng Samrong (Prek Phnov) lake

Aquatic production: fish raising
Phnom Penh
Methodology

Sampling points: at 2 inlets, 1 outlet of BCE lake and the
control site

Sample types: composite samples (mixed 8, 10, 12 am)

Schedule: once per week/12 consecutive weeks

Parameters: thermotolerant coliforms, E. coli and helminth
eggs (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworm)

Place of sample analysis: Cambodian Pasteur Instittute and
NIHE

Lab methods: MPN and WHO manual 1996
Phnom Penh
Results

Nos of thermotolerant coliforms lower in samples
collected at the control and outlet sampling points

No of E. coli are lower in samples collected at the
control and outlet sampling points

Few samples found to contain helminth eggs (10400 eggs/L)
Figure 1. Log number of thermotolerant
coliforms/100ml
8
7
6
13
9
5
49
5
22
26
18
4
3
2
N=
25
25
Controlpond
Inlet JICA
SAMCODE2
25
25
Inlet Trabek Outlet Steung Chrov
Figure 2. Log number of E. coli/100ml
9
8
99
7
95
6
5
98
4
3
2
1
N=
10
12
ControlPond
Inlet JICA
SAMCODE2
12
11
Inlet Trabek Outlet Steung Chrov
Hanoi: Introduction of study site:
Bang B village, Hoang Liet commune

Aquatic plant and fish raising

Major types of plants: water spinach, water mimosa,
water dropwort and water cress

Use urban ww from To Lich river

ww is pumped directly (pumping station)

2 aquatic plant production fields and 3 fishponds
selected
Hanoi: methods

Composite sample collection (8,10,12 am)

Point-of-time sampling: when ww was pumped and
later (a week or 2 weeks later after pumping ww)

Parameters: thermotolerant coliforms and helminth
eggs

Laboratory analysis: MPN and WHO manual 1996

Collaboration: RIA1
Hanoi results: vegetable fields
7
6
6
thermotolerant coliforms logarithm
7
5
4
3
2
1
N=
5
4
3
2
1
7
8
5
INLET
OUTLET/INLET
END
sample code new - FIELD MR LAN
N=
4
4
INLET
END
sample code new - FIELD MR LONG
Hanoi results: fishpond with combined
aquatic plant production
7
6
5
4
3
2
N=
3
1
3
3
INLET1
INLET2
OUTLET1
OULET2
sample code new - FISHPOND MR TAI
Hanoi results: fishponds
7
6.5
6.0
6
thermotolerant coliforms logarithm
5.5
5
4
3
2
1
N=
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
4
4
INLET
END
sample code new - FIELD MR LONG
N=
3
3
INLET
OUTLET
sample code new - FISHPOND MR CHINH
Hanoi results: Helminth eggs

Helminth eggs (vegetable fields) sample pos./total
Sampling
sites
Ascaris Trichuris Hookworm
All types
Inlet field A
3/6
(50%)
0/6
1/6 (17%)
4/6 (67%)
Outlet/Inlet
field A
3/7
(43%)
0/7
0/7
3/7 (43%)
End field A
1/4
(25%)
0/4
2/4 (50%)
3/4 (75%)
Inlet field L
0/3
(0%)
0/3
1/3 (33%)
1/3 (33%)
End field L
2/3
(66%)
0/3
1/3 (33%)
2/3 (66%)
Hanoi results

Helminth eggs (fishponds) sample pos./total
Sampling sites
Ascaris
Trichuris
Hookworm
All types
Inlet fishpond T (1)
1/3 (33%)
0/3
0/3
1/3 (33%)
Inlet fishpond T (2)
1/1
(100%)
0/1
0/1
1/1 (100%)
Outlet fishpond T (3)
0/3
0/3
0/3
0/3
Outlet fishpond T (4)
1/3 (33%)
0/3
0/3
1/3 (33%)
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
1/3 (33%)
0/3
0/3
1/3 (33%)
0/3
0/3
0/3
0/3
1/3 (33%)
0/3
0/3
1/3 (33%)
Inlet fishpond C (1)
Outlet fishpond C (2)
Inlet fishpond N (1)
Outlet fishpond N (2)
Conclusion
• Phnom Penh: 3-4 log reduction in nos of
thermotolerant coliforms between inlet/outlet
• Hanoi: 1-3 log reduction in nos of thermotolerant
coliforms between inlet/outlet
• Few samples were found to contain helminth eggs
• No apparant reduction in nos of samples positive for
helminth eggs between inlet/outlet
Future works
• Hanoi: continued water analyses until April
2006
• Data analysis: on-going
• Preparation of manuscript (1 MS)
Acknowledgements
•
•
•
•
•
EU for funding
Mr Borin and his staff (RUA)
Division of Enteric Infections, NIHE
Mr Tuan and his staff (RIA1)
Cambodian Pasteur Institute