Transcript 幻灯片 1 - Soil

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Imminent Environmental Remediation in China
Charley Wang, PE / PH
Jiangsu DDBS Environment Remediation Co., Ltd
Nanjing, China
November 14, 2014
H2O 14 Soil & Groundwater Remediation Conference
Shanghai, China
Acknowledgement
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• Co-authors: Jin Song, Advanced Environmental Technologies, LLC,
Fort Collins, Colorado, USA ; Fang Gao, DDBS, Nanjing, China
• Paul H Fallgren, AET, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
• Vincent S Ren, Golden Resources (Beijing) Environmental Science
and Technologies Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
2
Overview
• Emerging Remediation Market in China
• Business Model & Project Protocols
• Case Studies
- Bidding process
- Execution
- Site closure & compliance
• Conclusions
3
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Emerging Market
• 4/17/2014 WSJ. “about a fifth of China’s arable land is
contaminated with heavy metals”
– >500 billion cubic yards of arable soil contaminated by
metals
– “poisonous rice”
– “cancer village”
– Commercial land expected to be more seriously and
extensively contaminated by mixed organic and
inorganic contaminants
• 4/23/2014 WSJ China. “China’s water glass more than half
polluted”
– “59.6% of China’s surface water is seriously polluted” –
China Ministry of Land and Resources
– GW contamination is undisclosed but expected to be
substantially larger in extent
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Emerging Market - continued
• 16.1% surveyed soils are contaminated,
based on data （released April 2014）by the
Chinese MEP；mostly by heavy metals，
BHC（666）and DDT， and TPH；farmland
is of concern, and former industrial sites are
particular
(National Soil quality Survey, 2005 to 2010,
spending US$160Mil, release delayed)
• 97% GW in urban areas contaminated, of
which 64% severely, based on Ministry of
Land & Resources (China Geological Survey)
• 57% GW nationwide is “poor” quality, based
on MEP 2012 Environmental White Paper
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Emerging Market - continued
• Site remediation in China started with
the construction of stadia and venues
for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
Soil contamination was encountered.
• Shortly after, soil contamination was
discovered during the preparation for
the World Expo 2010 Shanghai, China.
• The government financed the cleanup,
and ex-situ and physical removal
remedies were adopted due to time
constraint and inexperience in
remediation.
（see below list for other remediation
sites during the period）
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Emerging Market - continued
Partial list of remediation sites
7
note: courtesy of Professor Lin
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Emerging Market - continued
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• US$130Mil on soil quality survey being performed by
the Ministry of Agriculture （2013 to 2018，focusing on
heavy metals on farmland）
• US$12Bil specifically on heavy metal soil
contamination，per “Heavy Metal PP & Remediation
12th 5-year Plan”
• US$5Bil on soil remediation during the national 12th
5-year plan （2011-2015）
• US$5.6Bil on GW quality monitoring, investigation
and remediation, based on the National 10-year GW PP
& Remediation Plan (2011 – 2020)
• over $100Bil expected for soil & GW cleanup in the
next decade
• “National Soil PP & Remediation” law (draft) is under review by the
National People’s Congress
• “Green GDP” has been proposed, providing incentives for governments
to invest in environmental projects
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Emerging Market - continued
Technical Guidelines:
• In 2009，the government issued 4 draft technical
guidelines for contaminated sites:
- Technical Guidelines for Environmental Site
Monitoring
- Technical Guidelines for Environmental Site
Investigation
- Technical Guidelines for Risk Assessment of
Contaminated Sites
- Technical Guidelines for Site Soil Remediation
• In 2014，finalized，and effective July 1, 2014
• Technical guidelines / standards mostly adapted from
the US, Europe (the Netherlands) and9 others (Japan)
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Business Model & Protocols
• Service model difficult
- Currently limited to legal service (partial)
- Misconception on “consulting” and consulting companies
- Undervalued labor and design services (except for
architectural designs)
• Packaged hardware + software acceptable
- Technology means machine, tools, and chemicals
- Know-how and patents are intangible, and are implicitly
expected to be attached to hardware
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Business Model & Protocols
- continued
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•
•
•
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Project leads:
Personal connection
Bidding announcements on government websites &
newspapers
Not every project is publicly bid, even if the (local) government is
the RP
The trend is more projects are publicly bid, but only allows 2 to 5
weeks to submit the bid。 Bid document usually includes SI reports
& risk- based remedial goals
Bidding document preparation & submitting
winner announced by bid evaluation committee within a week
based on scores on pricing, technical design, and bidder
qualifications and credentials.
Contracting
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Business Model & Protocols
- continued
•
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•
•
•
•
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Project starting date assigned, when the winning bidder could
access the site to do additional investigation and site preparation &
equipment mobilization
3rd party responsible for project monitoring mobilizes onsite
Remedial technology specified in the bid document, demonstrated
effective in a pilot test, or brought in by the winning bidder is
implemented, sampling taken and sent to designated analytic labs
to verify remedial efficiency
Request for case closure is filed. A committee and environmental
regulatory bureau will arrange verification sampling, and evaluate
the analytical results and remedial efficiency
Project completion report is prepared and submitted to the project
owner, a final approval for case closure granted by the EPA
The site would be decommissioned
The site is approved for further development
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Business Model & Protocols
- continued
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Project Process Flowchart
Project lead
Bidding announcement(online)
(1 to 2 wks)
(same day)
Obtaining bid document
Bid evaluation results
announcement by the committee
(qualif., SI & RBCA reports & RAP recom., bid
evaluation criteria, contract terms, etc.)
(1 wk)
(1 wk)
Site reconn. & bid doc. clarification
Bid winner announcement
(1 wk)
(2 to 4 wks)
Proj. evaluation & bid preparation
Contract signing w/
project performance deposit
(2 to 3 wk)
Bid submitting to evaluation committee
No
(3 to 10 wk)
Mobilization to site
Bidding valid?
Yes
Price
pilot test
results
technical
firm qualif.
Project execution
(envir. / safety & quality management / inspection, midterm sampling, until reaching remedial goals)
Case closure request filed
Request approved
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Site decommissioned
Business Model & Protocols
- continued
Domestic Companies:
Dominated by a few state-owned enterprises (SOE) & their
subsidiaries, established during the past 7 years
Credentials mandatory for project bidding:
• business registration
• engineering design
• engineering construction
• environmental remediation
• construction safety
• Quality Management System ISO9001
• Environmental Management System ISO14001
• Occupational Health & Safety Management System
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Business Model & Protocols
- continued
序号
（order)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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名称
工程规模及主要技术
工程时间
(project names)
(scale & technologies)
(project period)
土壤修复方案设计
2009.12
苏州安利化工厂原址污染土壤修复方案研究
(Suzhou City former AnLi chemical site)
(RAP preparation)
苏州特种化学品公司原址污染土壤修复方案研究
土壤修复方案设计
(Suzhou City former Speciality Chemicals site)
2009.12
(RAP preparation)
东升E地块污染土壤清运环境配合工程
土壤清运
(Suzhou City Dongshen E-lot envir. assistance)
2010.3
(contam. soil coll. & remo.)
中国白蚁防治氯氮灭蚁灵替代示范项目----污染场地清理和危险废物处置
工程（世界银行资助项目）
（1）溧阳鑫海工程；（2）常熟辛庄工程
(China pest chemicals demonstration projects –
World Bank: Liyang & Changsu)
高邮镇化工厂纸盒厂原址土壤污染初步调查技术咨询服务
(Gaoyou former chemical packaging plant site)
扬州日兴生物科技股份有限公司北厂区场地初步调查技术咨询服务
(Yangzhou City former bio-tech north lot site)
7000m3
化学催化氧化、水泥窑共处置
稳定化固化
(iSCO,cement kiln coprocessing,s/s)
场地调查技术咨询
2010.8~2011.12
2011.1
(SI technical consulting)
技术服务咨询
(SI technical consulting)
2011.2
10000m3
无锡市胡埭镇电镀厂污染场地土壤修复示范工程
化学淋洗、稳定化/固化
(Wuxi City former metal plating site)
(soil washing，s/s）
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2011.03~09
Business Model & Protocols
- continued
序号
（order)
8
9
名称
工程规模及主要技术
工程时间
(project names)
(scale & technologies)
(project period)
常化厂污染场地-6m污染土壤修复方案设计及样板段工程
30,000m2
(Changzhou City chemical plant site &
demonstration)
(RAP,vapor barrier)
南京“江宁上坊电镀厂原址土壤环境现状调查和风险评价项目
场地调查及风险评估
(Nanjing City metal plating site)
(SI & RBCA)
阻隔封闭
兖州市奎星苑原化工厂区土壤修复工程
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11
12
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(Yuanzhou City former KXW chemical plant soil
site)
2011.04~07
2011.4
4000m3
化学催化氧化
2011.05~10
(chemical oxidation)
6000m3
杭州长河化工公司地块部分区域超标土壤清理处置工程
化学催化氧化
(Hangzhou City CH site soil site)
2011.08~12
(chemical oxidation
5000m2
杭州市沥青拌合厂退役场地污染土壤修复工程
稳定化/固化
(Hangzhou City former asphalt plant site)
2011.12~2012.03
(s/s)
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山东山塑·泽海花园场地土壤环境调查项目
场地调查
Shandong Shangsu plastic plant site)
(SI)
14
(Suzhou City Dongshen F-lot site)
苏州东升F地块土壤污染治理项目
2011.12.11
100,000万m3
稳定化/固化、强化气相抽提、原位生物固化
(s/s,SVE,insitu biosolidi.)
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2011.12~
Business Model & Protocols
- continued
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序号
名称
工程规模及主要技术
工程时间
（order)
(project names)
(scale & technologies)
(project period)
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
30000m3
南通星辰材料有限公司原场地污染土壤修复工程
(Nantong City former XC materials Co. site)
强化气相抽提
2012.01~09
(enhanced SVE)
4000m3
苏州沧浪新城原化工厂污染场地修复工程
(Suzhou City former CLXC chemical plant site)
水泥窑共处置
2012.01~04
(cement kiln co-processing)
济南裕兴化工有限公司原厂区场地土壤工程中试项目
稳定化/固化,强化气相抽提,原位生物固化
(Jinan City former YX chemical plant site pilot study)
(s/s,SVE,insitu biosolidi.)
苏州东升F地块土壤污染治理项目新增
强化气相抽提
(Suzhou City Dongshen F-lot site - additional)
(enhanced SVE)
原南京化工厂地块北部修复区块（2号中试区块）土壤和地下水
原位修复技术可行性试验, 原位化学氧化
(Nanjing City former chemical plant)
(site pilot study,iSCO)
2012.09~11
2013.3.6～2013.6
2013.２～2013.４
热脱附、异位化学氧化
无锡锡钢集团退役场地污染土壤修复工程一标段
(thermal desorption,exsitu
oxidation)
(Wuxi City former iron & steel site)
江苏新春兴再生资源有限责任公司原厂区污染场地土壤修复示范工程
稳定化/固化, 原位生物固化
(Jiansu Province former XCX Co. site)
(s/s,in-situ biosolidi.)
苏州溶剂厂北区原址场地污染土壤修复治理中试
及整体修复治理方案编制项目
原位热解吸技术
(insitu GTR,RAP preparation)
(Suzhou City former solvent plant site)
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2013.６～
2013.７～
2013.10～
Case Study I: pre-bidding
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Project: A Chemical Plant in Eastern China
Site
Condition:
Former state-run chemical plant,104 acres
CoCs: benzene, chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, nitrochlorobenzene & PAHs
Contaminated soil: 258,000 m3,down to 10 meters
Contaminated GW: 170,000 m2
Geology: fills and silty clay, shallow GW table (1–2m)
Owner /
RP Info:
The city was to redevelop it into commercial & residential properties
Bid note:
Invited 4 firms to bid (1 private,3 with SOE background); Cost cap is US$27 Mil,
winning bid is US$19; project to complete in 5 months;
case closure – reach remedial goals and obtain EPA bureau approval
Pilot test:
Assigned 40 m2 lot to each of 4 invited firms for pilot test to be done in 2 months,
with US$65K as reimbursable cost; remedial results verified by sampling and
performance scored; the SOE firm scored the highest (details not released), as
announced by the pilot test / bid evaluation committee. Remedial
method(s)successful would be applied in full remediation. All 4 firms tried in situ
chemOx with mixing.
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Case Study I: bidding
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Project: A Chemical Plant in Eastern China
- continued
Bid document
provides:
SI reports & clarification opportunity; allowed site reconnaissance
Bid
preparation &
submitting:
4 weeks to prepare a bidding package of hundreds of pages plus
appendices
It is scored for commerce (8 points),technical approach & execution plan
(12),pilot test(20) & price (60)
The pilot test / bid evaluation committee consists of 5 members including 1
from the owner and 4 from research institutes and universities
On the submitting day, a firm representative brought his authorization
document & identification, sealed bidding documents, required originals, &
receipts of various payments
The committee evaluated the bids in closed door, and announced the winner
with the highest total score the same day
In 2 weeks after the announcement, the winner brought the receipt of project
performance deposit and signed the contract
No project payment until case closure is granted, and the project quality
guarantee period is 2 years
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Case Study I: execution
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Project: A Chemical Plant in Eastern China
- continued
Project
Execution:
A third party company mobilized onsite for project implementing monitoring and
a fourth party company for project quality monitoring
iSCO was the selected remedial technology, as demonstrated in the pilot test
Self sampling was performed during the project to confirm treatment
effectiveness
A case closure request was filed, verifying sampling was conducted by the
expert committee & environmental regulatory bureau, who also reviewed the
analytical data
The project completion report was submitted to the environmental regulatory
bureau, who granted the site closure
(potential)
problems:
Storage & usage safety of oxidants
Worker occupational health & safety & monitoring
Assessment & monitoring of remedial effectiveness using iSCO
Management of schedule & sub-contractors
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Verification of reaching remedial
goals,& case closure granting
Case Study II
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DS-F lot used to be a chemical plant manufacturing special distilled
oil and other petroleum-based products. The area was re-zoned
for residential and commercial use
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Case Study II - continued
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Project Milestones:
• Site assessments (3 phases) was conducted by the local
Environmental Research Institute (ERI) in 2009-2010
• The local ERI recommended remedial measures for site remediation
and restoration in 2011
• Oct 5, 2011，the municipality (Land Reserve Center) issued the
bidding package, total project amount: $7 million, or $70/M3 soil
• Oct 18, 2011, DDBS and a few other companies submitted the bids,
which were reviewed by an expert panel based on cost (70%), technical
design (20%), and bidder credentials (10%). DDBS won the bid
• Dec 18, 2011, project started, completed on Aug 24, 2012
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Case Study II - continued
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Contamination:
Contaminants
Impacted Area
Contaminant
Category
Volume（M3）
Subtotal
Volume(M3)
Toluene/Xylenes
F parcel and north
Toluene/xylenes
impacted soil
10,400
10,400
F parcel and north
Cr VI impacted
category II soil
37714
37,714
Cr VI impacted
category I soil
27,882
43,482
E Parcel
Cr VI impacted
category II soil
10,000
Misc. parcels
Cr VI impacted
category II soil
5,600
-below 1.5m
F parcel and north
-above 1.5m
Total Cr/Cr VI
Cr VI
Surface pit and
groundwater during
soil treatment
Est. 20,000
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Est. 20,000
Case Study II - continued
Distribution:
1
2
3
24
1
Benzene, toluene, xylenes
2
Cr VI
3
Total Cr
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Case Study II - continued
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Areas:
COC
Toluene/
xylenes
Total Cr/Cr
VI
Area
（m2)
2400
18588
Mean Depth
（m）
Range of Depth
（m)
Detected Max. Conc.
（mg/kg)
－0.8～－1.2
239 /33.6
－2～－3.4
258 /1.71
－4～-6
128 /-
－0.8～－1.2
13900/4840
-6
-3
－2～－3.4
－4～-6
• Total area for F lot and the northern area:
46,142m2
25
3660 /3030
6760 /3920
Case Study II - continued
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Remedial Standards:
Class I Max
COC
Soil Quality Standard
(GB15618- 2009) (revision)
Unit
Residential
a、heavy metals
1
Cr（6+）
mg/kg
6.0
b、VOCs
Cr VI Leaching Standard
（HJ/T301-2007）
Wastewater discharge standard
（GB 8978-1996）
- to MWWTP
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2
toluene
mg/kg
5.0
3
xylenes
mg/kg
4.0
COC
Leachate mg/L
Standard
Total Cr
≤1.5
Cr（6+）
≤0.5
Cr leaching
standard
（HJ/T301-2007）
COC
Discharge conc.
mg/L
Total Cr
≤1.5
Cr（6+）
≤0.5
Standard
Wastewater
Discharge
Standard (GB
8978-1996)
Case Study II - continued
Remedial Design:
COC
Impacted Soil
Volume
（m3)
Remedial Method
Toluene/xylenes
10,400
ex-situ SVE
Cr VI , Category I
43,482
In situ and ex-situ
solidification
Cr VI , Category II
37,714
In situ and ex-situ
solidification
subtotal
91,596
Cr VI containing
wastewater
20,000
27
Physical/chemical
wastewater methods
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Case Study II - continued
Execution:
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Case Study II - continued
Before & After Remediation:
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Conclusions
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Opportunities:
• The environmental market in China has emerged to the scale to
support both domestic and MNCs, and with significant expansion
expected in the near future
• First mover advantage still applies in the existing soil remediation
market and emerging GW and sediments market
• domestic remediation companies are yet to develop cost-effective
site assessment, remedial, and monitoring technologies
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Conclusions
Challenges:
•
Bidding process is not fully transparent
•
Fixed cost and project guarantee business model and upfront
cost load financial burden to environmental engineering
companies
•
Brownfield-like real estate development is the main project
driver, resulting in short remediation time (3 - 18 months)
•
Aggressive and invasive methods (physical and chemical)
dominant, with bio- and other sustainable methods less
favorable or not applicable
•
IP concerns
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Conclusions
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Solutions:
• International companies have technology advantages in China;
however, they are advised to partner with domestic companies and
profit from technical licensing and service involvements.
• Local presence is essential for identifying leads, securing projects,
and protecting interests.
• Patents, contracts, and other IP due diligence are essential.
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Contacts
Thank You!
Charley Wang, PE / PH
138-5141-0098 (cell)
025-83731159 (desk)
[email protected]
http://jsddbs.com/
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