Transcript Slide 1

Planning a Zero Waste
Community
Richard Anthony
Richard Anthony Associates
San Diego, California
WWW.RichardAnthonyAssociates.com
Sustainability
means Zero Wasting
• Population increases
•
•
•
•
•
geometrically
Pollution, food per
capita industrial
follow
Resources Decrease
Value of Recycled
Resources increase
“Limits to Growth”
Meadows.
Mend our ways or
nature will force us
Instead of cradle to grave disposal, its
cradle to cradle, a closed loop economy
Black Hole
Three Principles of Zero
Waste Planning
• Matter and energy are constants
E=MC2
• There is no “away”
• No such thing as a free lunch
Three Goals of Zero Waste
Planning
• Zero Waste goals (efficiency)
• Create Jobs from Discards (Jobs)
• End Welfare for Wasting (level the playing field)
New Millennium Rules
• 6 “R’s”
• Reduce (source reduction)
• Redesign
• Repair (fix)
• Reuse (durable vs. single use i.e., cameras,
napkins)
• Recycle (everything else)
• Regulate
Zero Waste planning includes places
for new jobs and industries
Type of Operation
Jobs per 10,000 TPY
Product Reuse
Computer reuse
296
Textile Reclamation
85
Misc. Durable Reuse
62
Wooden Pallet Repair
28
Recycling-Based Manufacturers
25
Paper Mills
18
Glass Product Manufacturers
26
Plastic Product Manufacturers
93
Conventional Materials Recovery Facilities
10
Composting
4
Landfill and Incineration
1
Source:
Institute for Local Self-Reliance, Washington DC, 1997; “Wasting and Recycling in the United States
2000”; GrassRoots Recycling Network, Prepared by Brenda Platt and Neil Seldman
Textiles
3%
Ceramics
5%
Plant Debris
25%
Putrescibles
5%
Wood
10%
Soils
3%
All Discards
can be sorted
into Twelve
Categories
Reusable
Goods
5%
Chemicals
2%
Plastics
7%
Paper
25%
This version of the chart ©1998 Daniel Knapp and Mary Lou Van Deventer.
Excerpted from Total Recycling: Realistic Ways to Approach Ideal,
in progress; to be published by the University of California Press.
Glass
5%
Metals
5%
All 12 categories are feedstocks for
Recycling and Composting Industries
Jobs and Revenue from Materials
Sorted into the Twelve Categories
Clean DozenSM
Master Categories
Jobs
Tonnes
per Year
1. Reuse
40
6,000
£
222
2. Paper
5
20,000
£
28
£
560,000
3. Plant Trimmings
2
12,000
£
6
£
72,000
4. Putrescibles
4
20,000
£
11
5. Wood
8
5,000
£
6
£
30,000
6. Ceramics
2
6,000
£
8
£
48,000
7. Soils
2
1,000
£
8
£
8,000
8. Metals
4
9,000
£
28
£ 252,000
9. Glass
4
4,000
£
11
£
10. Polymers
21
10,000
£
42
£ 420,000
11. Textiles
10
3,000
£
11
£
33,000
12. Chemicals
20
4,000
£
11
£
44,000
122
100,000
Total
Market Price
£/T (est.)
Total Value of Discards
in Waveney (£)
£ 1,340,986
£ 220,000
44,000
£ 3,071,986
* 365 days per year. Based on 100,000 metric tonnes per year of available resources.
Prepare a Zero Waste
Strategic Plan (Palo Alto Plan)
MISSION
Divert 75% of discarded materials from landfills or incinerators by
2010 and achieve Zero Waste, or close to it, by 2020.
SUPPORTING OBJECTIVES
1.
Design and manage products and processes to reduce the volume and toxicity
of waste and materials, conserve and recover all resources, and not burn or
bury them. Ask product designers and marketers to consider Zero Waste to be
a critical design criterion.
2.
Increase incentives for waste generators and service providers to design out
waste and separate materials for their highest and best uses.
3.
Develop programs and policies to address specific needs of each major sector
in Palo Alto: manufacturers; retailers; restaurants; medical services; offices;
and single-family and multi-family residential dwellings.
4.
Increase reuse, recycling and composting collection and processing options
and develop new markets that add value to materials recovered and minimize
residues requiring disposal. Zero Waste systems should be particularly
encouraged that provide the greatest economic development benefit for the
region (e.g., jobs, increased tax base).
Palo Alto Zero Waste
Strategic Plan Continued
SUPPORTING OBJECTIVES
5.
Engage community-wide support to achieve Zero Waste through more
interactive community participation, outreach and education programs.
Encourage people to emulate sustainable natural cycles, where all discarded
materials are resources for others to use. Coordinate outreach programs for
sustainability and pollution prevention with Zero Waste, waste prevention and
recycling programs, and use Zero Waste Business Principles as basis for their
evaluation of business performance. (Obtain input and include
recommendations from City staff and Zero Waste Task Force on other
opportunities for local, countywide and regional education and outreach
programs that would support Zero Waste messages.)
6.
Minimize environmental impacts and City liabilities from wasting and ensure
that the burdens and benefits of zero waste systems are equitably distributed.
Eliminate all discharges to land, water or air that may be a threat to planetary,
human, animal or plant health.
7.
City lead by example to achieve Zero Waste goals for all facilities owned or
leased by the City.
Palo Alto Zero Waste
Strategic Plan Continued
KEY STRATEGIES, Years 2005-10
STRATEGY 1:
Determine how and where materials are discarded, and establish
a monitoring and tracking database system to evaluate
performance of diversion and source reduction programs by
material type and sector. Identify the value of materials that are
currently being landfilled, and the potential for additional recovery
through expanded reuse, recycling and composting.
STRATEGY 2:
Ask local businesses to adopt Zero Waste goals, to develop Zero
Waste plans, to adhere to Zero Waste Business principles, (1) to
meet waste diversion targets, and to source separate designated
materials that can be reused, recycled or composted.
STRATEGY 3:
Adopt policies and economic incentives to restructure the
marketplace to encourage waste prevention, reuse, recycling &
composting. Change Ordinances, contracts, franchises, permits,
zoning, General Plans and garbage rate structures so that it is
cheapest to stop discarding materials, and reusing, recycling or
composting discarded materials is cheaper than landfilling or
incineration.
(1) http://www.grrn.org/zerowaste/business/
Palo Alto Zero Waste
Strategic Plan Continued
KEY STRATEGIES, Years 2005-10
STRATEGY 4:
Develop programs and policies to address specific needs
a)
Residential discarded food (2) collection and composting
b)
Expanded institutional and commercial recycling; particularly for
paper recycling and other services needed for top 4 waste
generating sectors (Medical/Health Services; Restaurants; Other
Retail Trade; and Business Services)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
Institutional and commercial discarded food collection and
composting
Expanded emphasis on deconstruction and support for adaptive
reuse
Expanded recovery, reuse and recycling of used building
materials
Expanded support for collection and drop-off of other reusable
products
Successful implementation of City’s new ordinance to encourage
construction, remodeling, landclearing and demolition debris
recycling.
(2) Whenever referenced, also includes food contaminated paper (e.g., pizza boxes and frozen food containers)
and assumes CIWMB hierarchy for food scrap management is followed, to (1) prevent food waste, (2) feed
people, (3) convert to animal feed and/or rendering, and (4) compost (see
http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/FoodWaste/).
Palo Alto Zero Waste
Strategic Plan Continued
KEY STRATEGIES, Years 2005-10
STRATEGY 5:
Support existing reuse, recycling and composting businesses and
nonprofit organizations and help them expand to the degree the
operators of them want to do so, to minimize public investments
required. Develop locally owned and independent infrastructure,
on an open, competitive basis.(3) Develop local or regional
resource recovery park(s) to provide locations for expansion of
reuse, recycling and composting businesses.
STRATEGY 6:
Extend use of landfills (Palo Alto and Kirby Canyon) as long as
possible, so don’t have to arrange for more capacity elsewhere.
Minimize long-term landfill liabilities by ensuring that full capital
and operating, closure and post-closure costs are factored into
current rates and financial assurances.
STRATEGY 7:
Adopt Precautionary Principle and expand focus on purchasing
environmentally preferable products. Help City’s Sustainable
Purchasing Committee to expand the purchase of environmentally
preferable products. Encourage or require all new private
construction and major renovation projects in Palo Alto to follow
the lead of the City’s Green Building policy and build only LEEDcertified Green Buildings.
(3) http://www.crra.com/irc/guide.html
Palo Alto Zero Waste
Strategic Plan Continued
KEY STRATEGIES, Years 2005-10
STRATEGY 8:
Support state and federal policies to eliminate subsidies,
internalize externalities for virgin material production and
wasting, and involve producers in taking physical and/or financial
responsibility for their products and packaging to reuse, repair or
recycle them back into nature or the marketplace. Work with
other local governments and businesses to build useful alliances
and share successes.
STRATEGY 9:
Adopt Zero Waste as an economic development priority to make
Palo Alto businesses more sustainable and globally competitive.
STRATEGY 10:
Fund community Zero Waste initiatives with fees levied on the
transport, transfer and disposal of wastes and by leveraging the
investments of the private sector. Structure fees and taxes in
ways that provide additional incentives for designing out waste,
reuse, recycling and composting.
Palo Alto Zero Waste
Strategic Plan Continued
KEY STRATEGIES, Years 2005-10
STRATEGY 11:
Develop Zero Waste Implementation Plan (ZWIP) after the City
updates its detailed 1997 waste characterization study
(scheduled for FY2005-2006), to detail proposed policies and
programs, budget and cost implications, and timing of
implementation. Identify City priorities for additional publicly
financed facilities to support to be developed, including
appropriate reuse, recycling and/or composting activities for Palo
Alto Landfill site consistent with existing zoning once the landfill
is closed.
Recommendations must be environmentally sustainable,
practically implementable, economically viable, and socially
responsible. Do not implement local bans, mandates and
required product stewardship policies until the adoption of the
ZWIP and evaluation of progress over the course of the year
after adoption of the City’s Zero Waste Policy. However,
immediately support state and federal producer responsibility
and advanced recycling charges for difficult to recycle or toxic
materials. Evaluate implementation of new policies and
programs and recommend how to continuously improve them
after adoption of the ZWIP.
Palo Alto Zero Waste
Strategic Plan Continued
KEY STRATEGIES with TACTICS
Include appropriate tactics from “Menu of Policy Options” and
program recommendations after agreeing on Mission, Objectives and
Strategies (similar to those suggested in Draft 1 of the “Outline of
Palo Alto ZW Action Plan”).
Perform a Service Needs
Assessment
• The Service Needs Assessment will identify possible
areas that would benefit from expanded services.
• Identify service needs by class and discard item.
Item
1.
Programs
REUSABLE
Appliances
Small Appliances
Durable Plastic Items
Textiles
Mattresses & Furniture
Composite C & D
Books & Catalogues
Other Reusables and Repairables
Facilities
Needs
Service Needs
Assessment Continued
Item
2.
Programs
PAPER
Cardboard
White Ledger
Newsprint
Magazines / Catalogs
Other Office Paper
Paperboard
Other / Composite Paper
3.
PLANT DEBRIS
Leaves & Grass
Prunings
Branches & Stumps
Branches & Stumps
Facilities
Needs
Service Needs
Assessment Continued
Item
4.
Programs
PUTRESCIBLES
Food Waste
Fish and Meat Waste
Sewage Sludge
5.
WOOD
Untreated Wood
Treated Wood
6.
CERAMICS
Concrete
Asphalt Paving
7.
SOILS
Gypsum Board
Fines
Facilities
Needs
Service Needs
Assessment Continued
Item
8.
Programs
METALS
Auto Bodies
Aluminum Cans
Steel Cans
Ferrous Metals
Non-Ferrous
9.
GLASS
Clear Glass Containers
Mixed Glass Containers
Clear Glass
Green Glass
Mixed Glass
Brown Glass
Window Glass
Other Glass
Facilities
Needs
Service Needs
Assessment Continued
Item
Programs
10. POLYMERS
#1 PET (CRV)
#2 HDPE Colored
#2 HDPE Natural
#1 PET Plastic
#4 Plastic Bags
Tires
Other Plastics
Asphalt Roofing
Film Plastics
Facilities
Needs
Service Needs
Assessment Continued
Item
Programs
11. TEXTILES
Poly Fibers
Cotton and Wool
12. CHEMICALS
Used Motor Oil
Household Hazardous Waste
Disposable Diapers /
Feminine Hygiene
Treated Medical Waste
Facilities
Needs
Source Separation Categories/
Clusters and Destination Points
TWELVE MASTER
CATEGORIES of
DISCARD MATERIAL
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Reusable
Paper
Vegetable Debris
Putrescibles
Wood
Ceramics
Soils
Metals
Glass
Polymers
Textiles
Chemicals
CLUSTERS
Paper and
containers;
Paper, Metals, Glass,
Polymers
Organics;
Food, vegetative debris,
food dirty paper, paper,
plant debris,
putrescibles, wood
Discarded Items;
Furniture, appliances,
clothing, toys, tools,
reusable goods, textiles
Special Discards;
Chemicals, construction
and demolition materials,
wood, ceramics, soils
PROCESSING CENTERS
Recyclables;
Papers, plastic, glass and
metal containers
Organics;
Food, vegetable debris,
and food paper,
putrescibles, untreated
wood and sheetrock
Reuse & Repair;
Reuse, repair, dismantling,
reconditioning,
remanufacturing,
manufacturing and resale
of furniture, large and
small appliances,
electronics, textiles, toys,
tools, metal and ceramic
plumbing, fixtures,
lighting, lumber and other
used building materials
C and D;
Rock, soils, concrete,
asphalt, brick, land
clearing debris, and
mixed construction and
demolition materials
Regulated
Materials
Used motor oil, paint,
pesticides, cleaners,
and other chemicals
Benefits and Cost of a Zero Waste
Centre by Cluster*
Cluster
Capital
(per year)**
O&M
(per year)
Annual
Costs
Landfilling
Savings***
Sales
(per year)
Gate Fees
(per year)
Tonnes
(per year)
Benefits/
(Costs)
per Tonne
Reuse
£
30,511
£ 479,649
£ 510,160
£ 439,362
£1,340,986
£
2,630
9,000
£
141
Recycling
£
38,833
£ 210,725
£ 249,558
£ 657,969
£ 351,673
£ 552,598
43,000
£
31
Regulated
Materials
£
33,285
£ 176,331
£ 209,616
£ 195,272
£
14,500
£ 164,000
4,000
£
41
Organics
£ 131,671
£ 249,052
£ 380,723
£1,806,266
£ 275,911
£ 352,626
37,000
£
56
C&D
£
£ 176,331
£ 218,575
£ 341,726
£
94,308
£ 140,000
7,000
£
51
£1,292,088
£1,568,632
£3,440,595
£2,077,378
£1,211,854
100,000
Total
*
**
***
42,244
£ 276,544
Note: These figures do not include the impacts of expected economic multipliers.
Amortization: 20 years for buildings and paving, 6 years for equipment and fixtures.
£49 per tonne savings by avoiding landfilling costs.
£
52
Site Plan For Resource
Recovery Park