Transcript PowerPoint to accompany Essentials of Medical Language 2e

PowerPoint to accompany
Essentials of Medical Language 2e
Allan, Lockyer
Chapter 5:
Muscles and Tendons
The Essentials of the Language of
Orthopedics and Rehabilitation
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Muscles and Tendons
Lesson 5.1
Functions and Structure of Skeletal Muscle
5-2
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Muscles and Tendons
• Functions of Skeletal Muscle
• Voluntary Muscle
– Movement
– Posture
– Body Heat
– Respiration
– Communication
5-3
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Muscles and Tendons
• Structure of Skeletal muscle
• Striated muscle
– Muscle fibers
– Striations
– Fascia
– Hypertrophy
– Atrophy
5-4
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Disorders of Skeletal Muscle
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Soreness
Cramps
Strains
Fibromyalgia
Myasthenia Gravis
Muscular Dystrophy
Rhabdomyolysis
5-5
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• Lesson 5.2
• Muscles and Tendons of the Shoulder
Girdle and Upper Limb
5-6
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Shoulder Girdle
• Pectoral Girdle
– Attaches upper limb to axial skeleton
• Rotator Cuff
– Four muscles originate on scpula
– Fuse to form large tendon (rotator cuff)
– Inserts into humerus
– Holds ball of humerus in scapula socket
– Tears with overuse
5-7
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Upper Arm and Elbow Joint
• Muscles connect upper arm to shoulder
girdle, vertebral column, and ribs
– Anterior
• Deltoid, pectoralis major
– Posterior
• Latissimus Dorsi
5-8
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Elbow Joint and Forearm
• Muscles to move elbow joint and forearm
– Anteriorly
• Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis
– Posteriorly
• Triceps brachii
5-9
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Tendon Disorders
• Tennis elbow
• Tenosynovitis
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Ganglion cysts
5-10
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Muscles and Tendons
Lesson 5.3
Pelvic Girdle, Thigh, Leg, and Foot
5-11
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Muscles of Hip and Thigh
• Support Hip Joint and Move Thigh
– Glutei – maximus, medius, minimus
– Adductor muscle of inner thigh
5-12
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Thigh Muscles
• Quadriceps femoris muscle
– Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis,vastus
medialis, vastus intermedius
• Quadriceps femoris tendon
• Hamstring Group
– Biceps femoris
– Semimembranosus
– Semitendinosus
5-13
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Muscles and Tendons of Lower
Leg, Ankle, and Foot
• Calf Muscles
Gastrocnemius – large
Soleus – small
• Tendons join to form Achilles (calcaneal) tendon
which is attached to the heel bone (calcaneus).
5-14
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Deconstruction of Words
•
•
•
•
•
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Abduct
Abduction
Adduct
Adduction
Adductor
Dorsum
Dorsal
5-15
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Lesson 5.4
• Rehabilitation Medicine
5-16
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Rehabilitation Medicine
• Multidisciplinary team approach
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Physiatrists
Medical specialists
Occupational therapists
Physical therapists
Rehabilitation psychologists
Social workers
Speech therapists
Orthotists
Nutritionists
5-17
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Rehabilitation Medicine Focuses On
Function to Maintain Independence and a
Good Quality of Life
• Restorative Rehabilitation
– Restores a function that had been lost
• Maintenance Rehabilitation
– Strengthens and maintains a function that
was being lost
• Prevention of Function Loss and Injury
5-18
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Measurement and Monitoring
• Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)
1. Eating
2. Bathing
3. Dressing
4. Grooming
5. Toileting
6. Transfer
•
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs)
- Relate to Independent Living
- Managing money; using a telephone;
cooking; driving; shopping; housework
5-19
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• Assistive Devices
• Any equipment used to maintain or promote
function in someone with a disability
• Low end – a cane, walker, shoe insert
• High end – computerized communication device
• Adaptive Equipment
• Any equipment to help perform ADLs
• Eating devices, raised toilet seats, handrails in bath and
shower
5-20
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• Assist
• Assistive
• Assistant
• Physiotherapy
• Physiotherapist
• Physiotherapeutic
5-21
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Amputations
• Causes
• Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) - legs
• Wartime explosive devices – arms and legs
• Below-the-knee (BKA)
Promote healing of stump
Strengthen muscles above amputation site
Strengthen arm muscles
Prevent contractures
Shrink stump to fit into socket of prosthesis
Provide emotional, psychological and family support
5-22
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