OpenURL and Link Resolver
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Transcript OpenURL and Link Resolver
OpenURL and Link Resolvers
Advantages and Challenges
Weiling Liu
Director, Office of Libraries Technology
University Libraries
University of Louisville
ADL Seminar, Beijing
8/14-16/06
OpenURL and Link Resolvers
Introduction
How to locate a copy of an article?
Select a database that provides full-text
Search the database for the article
Search OPAC to find out if it is available in print when it
is not available online
Fill out a form to get it through interlibrary loan when it
is not available online nor in print locally
Challenges for end-users:
Different user interface and various search capabilities
Changes of institutional subscriptions
Changes within aggregated collections
OpenURL and Link Resolver came into place for removing
these barriers
ADL Seminar, Beijing
8/14-16/06
OpenURL and Link Resolvers
Objective
To share my reading and understanding about
OpenURL Link Resovlers, their advantages and
challenges in practice, and our implementation
experience at University of Louisville
ADL Seminar, Beijing
8/14-16/06
OpenURL and Link Resolvers
Outline
What is OpenURL and Link Resolver?
OpenURL Link Resolver mechanism
Advantages
A Case Study
Challenges
Implementation of a Link Resolver (SFX) at
the University of Louisville
Summary and Conclusion
ADL Seminar, Beijing
8/14-16/06
OpenURL and Link Resolvers
What is OpenURL?
A framework, NISO standard (ANSI/NISO
Z39.88 – 2004)
It includes two parts:
1. syntax for packaging metadata and
identifiers describing information objects
2. syntax for pointing to a user-specific
resolver that can accept this packaged
data, combine it with user information,
and resolve the data into actual links
ADL Seminar, Beijing
8/14-16/06
OpenURL and Link Resolvers
What Is a Link Resolver?
A link resolver accepts an OpenURL as input
and interprets it, applying “as much logic as
they can” and then offering “the user a menu
showing a range of possibilities” and services
Source
(OpenURL
Link)
ADL Seminar, Beijing
8/14-16/06
Link
Resolver
OpenURL and Link Resolvers
Menu of
services
(Targets)
OpenURL Link Resolver
Mechanism
Link Resolver – where
context-sensitive
linking service is
processed
Source – where linking
starts (must be OpenURL
enabled)
OpenURL Sources
•A&I databases
•E-Journal Articles
(References)
•E-print archives
(OAI)
•Electronic theses and
dissertations (ETD)
•Library OPACs
•Local data
repositories
ADL Seminar, Beijing
8/14-16/06
Target – where linking
lands (must have a linkto syntax that supports
the service)
Link Target
- Library OPACs
OpenURL
Link Resolver
(Server)
[Central
Knowledge
Base]
OpenURL and Link Resolvers
Link Target
- E-Resources
Link Target
- Inter Library Loan
Link Target
- Web search
Engine
Examples - OpenURL
(line break is added for readability)
url_ver=Z39.88-2004&
url_tim=2003-0410T13%3A57%3A15TZD&
url_ctx_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&
ctx_id=10_1&ctx_tim=2003-04-10T13%3A56%3A30TZD&
rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1045%2Fjuly99-caplan&
rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&
rft.genre=article&rft.aulast=Caplan&rft.aufirst=Priscilla&
rft.issn=1082-9873&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=7/8&rft.date=1999&
rft.atitle=Reference+Linking+for+Journal+Articles&
rfe_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1045%2Fmarch2001-vandesompel&
rfe_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&
rfe.genre=article&rfe.aulast=Van+de+Sompel&rfe.aufirst=Herbert&
rfe.issn=1082-9873&rfe.volume=7&rfe.issue=3&rfe.date=2001&
rfe.atitle=Open+Linking+in+the+
Scholarly+Information+Environment+using+the+OpenURL+Framework&
rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fdlib.org%3Adlib
ADL Seminar, Beijing
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OpenURL and Link Resolvers
Examples – Link Resolver
The examples from California Institute of
Technology demonstrate that besides full
text service, a link resolver can also
direct a user to the following:
Library’s Catalog Holdings
Inter-Library Loan
Reviews (e.g. Amazon)
Abstracts
Reference Management (e.g. EndNote)
Web Services (e.g. Library’s FAQ)
Web Search (e.g. Google)
http://library.caltech.edu/openurl/Documents/Demo.htm
ADL Seminar, Beijing
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OpenURL and Link Resolvers
Advantages
For users:
“Complete coverage” for the user (Turner,
2004), which avoids “dead ends” (Schneider
2001)
“Appropriate copy” (McDonald, 2004)
For Library staff:
Decreasing the time spent by ILL in filling
items that the library does have access to, or
redundant article copies
More statistics can be gathered, thus
increase the use of those less popular ones
ADL Seminar, Beijing
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OpenURL and Link Resolvers
A Case Study
A study conducted at California State
University shows:
End-user perceptions: More Full text
Librarian perceptions: More Accurate Results
“For many librarians and end-users, all of it is
SFX. They most often encounter problems
that have nothing to do with the system itself,
but those problems nevertheless help erode
confidence in the system, driving down its
perceived success” (Wakimoto, 2006)
ADL Seminar, Beijing
8/14-16/06
OpenURL and Link Resolvers
Challenges
Challenges:
Objects with ID (ISSN, ISBN, or DOI) vs. without ID
Different Levels of OpenURL Compliance
Out-bound linking available from
All items (e.g. Wilson)
Non-full text items only (e.g. EBSCO)
In-bound linking to a target at
Database level (e.g. LEXIS-NEXIS)
Journal level (e.g. ERIC Full Text*)
Volume level (e.g. Haworth Press **)
Issue level or article level with DOI (e.g.
University of Chicago Press ***,† )
Article level (e.g. EBSCOhost ****)
Subscribed Resources vs. Free Resources
ADL Seminar, Beijing
8/14-16/06
OpenURL and Link Resolvers
Examples - Wilson
ADL Seminar, Beijing
8/14-16/06
OpenURL and Link Resolvers
Examples - EBSCO
ADL Seminar, Beijing
8/14-16/06
OpenURL and Link Resolvers
Challenges (continued)
What Librarians Need to Do:
More Full Text Collections
Good OpenURL Compliant Resources
Up-to-date Central Knowledge Base (CKB)
Service Menu Customization
User Education
What to Consider When Acquiring/Developing
an OpenURL Link Resolver
ADL Seminar, Beijing
8/14-16/06
OpenURL and Link Resolvers
Challenges (continued)
What to Consider When Acquiring/Developing
an OpenURL Link Resolver
Flexibilities for Service Menu Customization
CKB Update Frequency
Number of Databases (sources and targets)
Supporting titles with or without IDs (e.g.
ISSN, ISBN)
OpenURL COinS
ADL Seminar, Beijing
8/14-16/06
OpenURL and Link Resolvers
Implementation of SFX at UofL
University of Louisville (UofL) Libraries
Six libraries
Integrated Library System (ILS): Voyager
Collections: 2 million volumes
Electronic Resources:
Database: more than 200
E-Journal: about 20,000 titles
Journal Finder – SFX link resolver
Acquiring system in May 2004
“Soft” launch in Noember 2004
Full launch in July 2005
Currently 66 targets (30,660 links) are activated in CKB
ADL Seminar, Beijing
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OpenURL and Link Resolvers
SFX Link Resolver- A-Z List
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OpenURL and Link Resolvers
SFX Link Resolver- Category
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OpenURL and Link Resolvers
SFX Link Resolver- Citation Linker
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OpenURL and Link Resolvers
SFX Link Resolver- Service Menu
Shown
all the
time
ADL Seminar, Beijing
8/14-16/06
OpenURL and Link Resolvers
Summary and Conclusion
“the promise of the OpenURL is tantalizing
indeed” (Grogg, 2006.) Such seamless
integration of resources is so conceptually
simple, but robust, scalable, open systems of
reference linking are enormously complex.
By providing OpenURL linking services,
“librarians and vendors are under increasing
pressure from their constituents to provide yet
more full text with 100 percent seamless
accuracy.” (Wakimoto, 2006)
ADL Seminar, Beijing
8/14-16/06
OpenURL and Link Resolvers
References and Readings
Grogg, Jill E. "Thinking About Reference Linking." Searcher 10.4
(2002):56-61.
Grogg, Jill E. "Introduction." Library technology reports 42.1 (2006):5-7.
Van de Sompel, Herbert and and Patrick Hochstenback. "Reference Linking
in a Hybrid Library Environment, Part 1: Frame works for Linking." D-Lib
magazine 5.4 (1999)
McDonald, Steven and Van de Velde, Eric F. "Resource Integration in the
Library: The Lure of Linking." Library journal 129.6 (2004):32-34.
Turner, Steven. "Resource Integration in the Library: Link-Resolvers and
Federated Searching." Mississippi libraries 68.3 (2003):63-66.
Schneider, Karen G.. “SFX: a Linkalclous Service.” American Libraries 32.6
(2001):118-119.
Wakimoto, Jina Choi; Walker , David S. and Dabbour, Katherine S. “The
Myths and Realities of SFX in Adcdemic Libraries.” The Journal of Academic
Librarianship 32.2 (2006):127-136.
http://www.niso.org/committees/committee_ax.html
http://library.caltech.edu/openurl/StandardDocuments/KEV_Guidelines20041209.pdf
http://library.caltech.edu/openurl/Standard.htm
http://www.niso.org/standards/standard_detail.cfm?std_id=783
http://ocoins.info/
ADL Seminar, Beijing
8/14-16/06
OpenURL and Link Resolvers
THANK YOU!
Weiling Liu
[email protected]
[email protected]
ADL Seminar, Beijing
8/14-16/06
OpenURL and Link Resolvers