Transcript BROCK INTERNATIONAL

NIGERIAN PEOPLES AND CULTURE
Ajike Osanyin
Ajike
Chairperson, Teaching Practice and Practicum Committee,
Faculty of Education, Unilag
 Co-coordinator, Education Program, Distance Learning Institute
(DLI).
Member –
 Early Childhood Association of Nigeria (ECAN)
 World Organization for Early Childhood Education (OMEP),
Nigeria
 NERDC Curriculum Development Committee
 UNICEF Development Committee for ECCDE
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Ajike
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National Early Years Development
Consultative Committee (NEYDCC)
World Forum on Early childcare and
Education etc.
Specialist in Early Childhood Education
Yoruba extraction
A Nigerian
Wa, Zo, Bia
Motto: ”Peace and Unity, Strength and
Progress”
Nigerian Pledge
I pledge to Nigeria my
country
To be faithful, loyal and
honest
To serve Nigeria with
all my strength
To defend her unity and
uphold her honor and
glory So help me God
Facts about Nigeria as a nation
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Name: Federal Republic of Nigeria (FRN)
Population: 148million (2007)
Capital: Abuja
Largest City: Lagos
Ethnic Groups:
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Over 250 ethnic groups including
Hausa and Fulani 29%,
Yoruba 21%,
Igbo (Ibo) 18%,
Ijaw 10%,
Kanuri 4%,
Ibibio 3.5%,
Tiv 2.5%
Language in Nigeria
The estimated number of languages is
521
 510 are living, 2 second languages
without native speakers and 9 extinct.
 English is the official language.
 Major languages spoken – Yoruba, Ibo
& Hausa
 Pidgin is also used.
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Meet the Peoples
(1) Yoruba
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The Yoruba are in the West of Nigeria
Are highly educated and very passionate
about their very rich language and culture.
Yoruba is tonal – musical/singsong
ODO – mortal,(r/m) stream,r/d settle,(m/m)
clay(r/r), Zero(d/r) etc
Great advocate of respect for elders.
Greetings for all events - are important
Flamboyant dressing – Headgear/Agbada
Typical Yoruba Drummers with
TALKING DRUMS
Meet the Peoples
(2) (Igbo)
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The Igbos in the east.
Are predominantly business men or traders.
The Igbo man is found in the remotest part of
the world with his business acumen
Dressing colorful attire, with title cap for men
Energetic
Meet the Peoples
(3) Hausa
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The Hausas predominantly in the North are farmers
and cattle rearers. Most are nomads
Are Muslims
Keep women in pudah
They have spent more time as presidents and "head
of state" of Nigeria than any other tribe. "Born to rule“
Dressing – white long babariga
Political life
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Currently, a republic, with the president Umar Musa Yaradua.
Politically divided into 36 states.
The “Nigerian Identity” through federal character!
The federal capital was moved from Lagos, the country's
largest city, to Abuja in 1991.
Lagos is the financial, commercial, and diplomatic center of
the country.
The wealthy elites dominate political life.
Nigerian leaders, have a history of holding on to wealth and
staying in power perpetually
ARTS AND CULTURE
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There is cultural policy and the cultural life is to a
large extent marked by tradition, and traditional
forms of cultural events, festivals, exhibitions,
performing, playing music and dancing in the open.
The bronze works of the ancient cities of Ife and
Benin are found in museums all over the world.
Woodcarvings and terra-cotta sculptures, Grass
Weaving, Clothe weaving and Painting, Ivory
Carving, Glass and Metal Works are popular.
Nigerians are expert dyers, and tailors of massive
quantities of beautiful, rich, and colourful textiles.
ARTS AND CULTURE
INSTITUTIONS
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Cultural manifestation in art, dance, language, literature,
folklore, mores, music, governance etc.
Traditionally, dance was used to fulfill some ritualistic
goal.
Sculpture was used in blessings, in healing rituals, or to
ward off bad luck.
Value on Arts and culture – evolved government
agencies
National Council for Arts and Culture (NCAC) African
Arts and Civilization (CBAAC) as the custodian of cultural
materials for Black and African peoples all over the world.
National Commission for Museum and Monuments
Ministry of Tourism and Culture transformed to
Tourism, Culture and National Orientation
Literature
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Nigerians are traditionally storytellers. Famous
writer, 1986 Nobel Prize winner Wole Soyinka
Bode Osanyin, a playwright, novelist and director,
has a writers’ Resort and also built a 2000 seater
Theatre at Ijoko – Ota.
Festac ’77 revitalized the art industry.
The National Theatre: the Soul of the
nation
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The National Theatre generated N38m in 2008.
Festivals in Nigeria
Festivals are one of the most common heritage activities
cherished and observed religiously. There are different types
celebrated at different times and for different purposes.
 Each festival has rules and regulations that guide them. These
rules and regulations are strictly adhered to by all.
 In some cultures, for example, the presence of women are not
required while in others, they are to be seen and not heard.
Argungu Fishing Festival is a colorful annual festival in
Arugungu, a riverside town in Kebbi.
Eyo Festival is unique to Lagos area, and it is widely believed that
Eyo is the forerunner of the modern day carnival in Brazil.
Others are Sharo /Shadi, the Atilogwu Dance, Osun Osogbo,
New Yam and Ogun festivals
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Eyo festival of Lagos
The Atilogwu Dance
Nigeria Works of Arts
Bronze head of Olokun
Religions in Nigeria
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Deeply religious – Submissive to God’s will
Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%
(ATR)
Christian celebrations of Christmas and Easter are
recognized as national holidays.
Muslims observe Ramadan, the Islamic month of
fasting, and the two Eids.
Working hours in the north often vary from those in
the south so that Muslims do not work on their holy
day, which is Friday.
Christians have churches, Muslims have mosques
Indigenous have shrines.
Death and the Afterlife
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Life Expectancy: Male – 46, Female – 47
We believe that following death, the soul is
released and judged by God before hopefully
going on to Heaven.
Believe in reincarnation.
NAMES IN NIGERIA
Some examples of Nigeria names are
Yoruba culture - Taiwo- first of a set of twins
- Kehinde- second of the set
Ibo culture– Amaka beautiful/good, Chi –
God/god/guiding light
Hausa – Balaraba female child born on Wed.
Balarabe male child born on Wed.
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Believe that the dead will come back as a member of
the family – Yetunde, Babatunde,
Industries
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Crude oil, coal, tin, palm oil, peanuts,
cotton, rubber, wood; hides and skins,
textiles, cement and other construction
materials, food products, footwear,
chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics,
steel, small commercial ship
construction and repair.
Agricultural Products
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Cocoa, peanuts, palm oil, corn,
rice, sorghum, millet, cassava
(tapioca), yams, rubber; cattle,
sheep, goats, pigs; timber; fish
This oil-rich nation
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Nigeria is the 5th largest producer of crude
oil in the world
Economy not diversified away from its
overdependence on the capital-intensive oil
sector, which provides 20% of GDP, 95% of
foreign exchange earnings, and about 80%
of budgetary revenues.
The government continues to face the task of
reforming a petroleum-based economy,
whose revenues have been squandered
through corruption and mismanagement.
This oil-rich nation
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Plagued by political instability, religious &ethnic crisis
High level of corruption, mismanagement,
unemployment and inadequate infrastructure.
Is one of the poorest nations of the world with poor
basic social services and low quality life.
The average Nigerian child suffers high deprivation
from lack of good health, proper care, nutrition,
sanitation education and rights to basic requirements
of life.
There is marked deterioration in access to safe
water.
Marriage in Nigeria
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There are three types – Religious, civil and
traditional marriages.
Traditional usually hold at the wife's house and
performed according to the customs of the ethnic
group involved. Most ethnic groups traditionally allow
more than one wife.
Most types are usually elaborate.
Most marriages combine the 3 types
Dowry/Bride price heavy and paid on Ibo bride
A Bride in traditional attire
Marriage ceremony
cultural entertainers
Domestic Units
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In the past, many children reflect social status.
Welcome unnumbered multitude of children enjoy
multiple parental care, adoption nonexistence as all
women are mothers!
Extended families form the backbone of the social
system as grandparents, cousins, aunts, uncles,
sisters, brothers and in-laws all work as a unit
through life.
Most extended families are “brothers, sisters,
aunties, mothers, father, grandmother" - identify by
name of the firstborn child So, “Mama-Ajike“or Yeye
Ajike.
Foods
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Meats - goat, cow, chicken, turkey, geese, guinea
fowls, pigeon, fish, shrimp, crab, other seafood, tsere
or suya but no pork for the Muslims.
Fruits and vegetables- oranges, bananas,
pineapples, carrot, tangerines, limes, watermelons,
guava, melons, grape fruits, mangos, apple, etc
We eat yam, gari, beans, rice, plantain, cassava,
potato, etc
A popular oil used for cooking is called palm oil
Hausa love tea taking so coffeehouses are popular
places to socialize.
Food market
Hierarchy
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Nigeria is a hierarchical society.
Age and position earns and demands respect.
Age confers wisdom so older people are granted
respect revered and honoured.
In return the most senior person has the
responsibility to make decisions that are in the best
interest of the group.
Obsession
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Majority feel offended if not correctly
addressed as: Dr, Chief, Honorable, Prof,
Engr., Alhaji, Alhaja, Sir, Prophet,
Prophetess, Imam, Pastor, Red's
Nigerians are crazy title lovers.
Engaging in elaborate Burial and marriage
ceremonies with the popular “Uniform”
Ibo male “child” and high bride prize.
Education in Nigeria/School year
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Pre-primary – Public and Private
6-3-3-4 (Primary, JSS, SSS)
Basic Education – 9 years of compulsory - 2004
Tertiary - 4 years of University
4 years of Polytechnic education ( 2 for ND, 2 for
HND)
3 years at College of Education (NCE)
School year 0f ¾ runs from January to December.
Primary and secondary school students wear school
uniform designed by their school
In school uniform
Higher Education
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In 1998, there were 63 colleges of education, with a
total enrollment of 105,817 students; 45
polytechnics, with 216,782 students; and 36
universities, with 411,347 students.
Currently, there are a total of 92 Universities made
up of:
27 Federal Universities
31 State Universities
34 Private Universities.
University programs
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Most universities have about 9 faculties
offering programs in:
Arts
Business Administration
Environmental Sciences
Sciences
Pharmacy
Medicine
Law and
Education
University of Lagos.
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9 Faculties and a College of Medicine
117 programs in Arts, Social Sciences,
Environmental Sciences, Pharmacy, Law,
Engineering, Sciences, Business
Administration and Education.
Also offers Master’s and Doctorate degrees.
The current enrolment is over 39,000 with
total staff strength of 3,365.
Program duration and types
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Education Faculty currently has 6
Departments – Arts & Social Science, Adult,
Foundations, Health and Human Kinetics,
Sciences & Tech. and Educational Admin.
3 basic programs: regular 3-4 year degree
(NCE/JAMEB-WASC/NECO)
: Part-time/sandwich of 5-6
year (NCE/WAEC
: Part-time evening of 4-5
year duration (NCE/WASC)
Teachers in Nigeria
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TPR varies with States from 1: 25 to 1: 70
against the National Policy of 1:35.
Teacher deficit is obvious.
About 47% of teachers are unqualified.
With the launching of UBE, estimated
additional 300,000 teachers would be
needed
ECE at the Unilag
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Associate Diploma in Early Childhood
Education.
PSE
Elective courses at 300,400,700 (PGDE)
levels
M.Ed and Ph. D from 1978
B.A/B. Sc. Early Childhood Education