Transcript Document

Energy strategies for
our university
buildings
Karina Cotte
Olivia Kieser
Rimantė Ražauskaitė
… About this project
INTRODUCTION
Motivation
As students of Karl-Franzens University our
motivation to approach this theme was since
the beginning that as a main Austrian
University we should be a model of
sustainability practices.
By finding out some way to contribute with this,
we expect it to have an impact on the way
people think and therefore act in other areas of
the day by day life in the surrounding context of
the academy.
How this project was born
• The trigger point:
– the complaints of some users of the
classrooms at the “RESOWI” building
because of the temperature being so high
– while other users refer the contrary, like for
instance at the cellar where it can become too
cold in some periods of the year
...These complaints come along with the
impression that the University is wasting energy
The main questions (1)
• The first question that raised was if the
University is actually wasting energy or not
This was mainly a impression that people
have, so for that reason:
– some indicators where needed
– and also a reference to compare them, in
order to find out if the University is actually
doing well or not in terms of energy
consumption
The main questions (2)
• Then the second question was if the
present situation (whether good or bad)
can still be improved and how
• The two focuses that we chose were:
1. The practices of the final users (in this case
all the people that are part of the university’s
community somehow)
2. The structural characteristics of the
buildings;
How it was made (1)
• As primary references: several interviews
– Professor Stefan P. Schleicher
• who offers the lecture of Energy and Sustainable
Development at Graz University, where this project
was developed
– Representatives of several organizations
related to sustainability and ecology
– The “Abteilung für Wirtschaft, Gebäude und
Technik” (Unit for Economy, Buildings and
Techniques) at Graz University
How it was made (2)
• Secondary references:
– The Diplom Thesis that was written by
Dunkel, Gerald H. in 2002
– Several internet sources to support the
concepts and the general ideas
The data obtained is for the Karl Franzens
Universität Graz, and was taken from Dunkel,
Gerald´s Diplom Thesis
WHAT HAPPENED IN THE
LAST PERIOD
Former Changes
The Magna Charta of European Universities, Bologna,
September 1988
University Presidents for a Sustainable Future, the Talloires
Declaration, October 1990
Urgent Appeal from the CRE, the association of European
universities, presented to the Preparatory Committee for the
United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development (UNCED), Geneva, August 1991
Creating a Common Future: An Action Plan for Universities,
Halifax, December 1991
COPERNICUS- The University Charta for sustainable
developement
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Institutional commitment
Environmental ethics
Education of university employees
Programmes in environmental education
Interdisciplinarity
Dissemination of knowledge
Networking
Partnerships
Continuing education programmes
Technology transfer
The project „Energieeffiziente Universitäten“
• Started in 1996
• The aim was to reduce the energy waste by
efficient use
• 18 Austrian Universities spent in 1997 0,42 Mio.
MWh Energie 1
• Possible savings: 5,8 to 7,3. millions Euro 2
http://clear.eawag.ch/optionen/co2reduktion/subfolder/energieeffizienz/Oekomanagement.pdf
Dunkel, Gerald H. “Energiedienstleistungen für die Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz”, Graz (2002).
• Financial budget in 2000: 146,8Mio €,
divided as follows:
• 122Mio for personnel cost;
• 21,5Mio costs of materials;
• 3,3Mio for investments and infrastructure
• That shows us a relation of 83% personal
costs, 15% materials and 2% investments
3
Dunkel, Gerald H. “Energiedienstleistungen für die Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz”, Graz (2002
In Euro
Cleaning (Reimaging)
1.781.508,83
Electricity and Gas
(Strom&Gas)
1.466.359,57
District heating
(Fernwärme)
1.085.003,87
Rent (Miet-Pachtzins)
900.481,18
Mantainance
(Instandhaltung von
Gebäudenn)
607.224,17
Water (Wasser)
159.449,68
Regarding the Energy report of 2000 the
possible saving of energy costs are:
• 10 % with a better knowledge about the
energy need
• 10 % by an effiecient use of the district
heating
• 35 % by using modern equipment.
(Dunkel p.120)
Duties and responsibilities
• A really big problem is the splintering
of duties and responsibilities
• since 2001 all the university buildings
are owned by the
Bundesimmobiliengesellschaft GmbH
• “Nachhaltigkeitsbeauftragter” (responsible of the
sustainability) – sustainability report
• The four vice rectors – administration
• „Abteilung für Wirtschaft, Gebäude und Technik„ (Unit for
Economy, Buildings ant Techniques)
- Climate Techniques
The data obtained is for the Karl Franzens
Universität Graz, and was facilitated by the
“Abteilung für Wirtschaft, Gebäude und Technik”
(the Unit for Economy, Buildings and Techniques
at the same university)
THE PRESENT SITUATION
Price for electricity and heating
Developement of price for electricity and longdistance heating
0.125
€/kWh
0.11
0.095
Bundesbeschaffungsgesetz (BBG) Ausschreibung
federal procurement law
0.08
0.065
0.05
0.035
2006
2007
2008
Years
Electricity (in red): encreasing every 3 years
Long distance heating (in green): price increase
2009
Increase of the built spaces
Changes of the floor surface space
122%
118%
130000
112%
[m²] netto
125000
120000
100%
115000
110000
105000
100000
2006
2007
2008
Years
lt. BIDOK bzw. Wissensbilanz(knowledge balance sheet)
2009
Electricity Costs
Electricity costs [€] brutto (pre tax)
Developement of the electricity costs
157%
2900000
137%
2700000
2500000
2300000
2100000
109%
100%
1900000
1700000
1500000
2006
2007
2008
2009
Years
Since 2008 the ZMB Buildings are included, for that reason the increase is high
Heating costs
Heating costs [€] brutto (pre tax
Developemt of heating costs
111%
110%
1600000
1550000
104%
1500000
1450000
100%
1400000
1350000
1300000
1250000
2006
2007
2008
2009
Years
Since 2008 the ZMB Buildings are included, for that reason the increase is high
Comparison of heating costs:
projected increase versus real
2000000
1900000
1800000
[€]
1700000
1600000
1500000
1400000
1300000
1200000
2006
2007
2008
Years
2009
Energy consumption / year
The following table represents the University’s energy
consumption per year, in terms of kWh and m³ respectively:
2006
Electricity[kWh]
Gas [m³]
District heating
[kWh]
Water [m³]
2007
2008
2009
14.586.760
13.454.063
17.639.857
19.060.187
15.238
18.484
18.043
15.054
21.007.079
18.287.744
18.654.115
17.175.961
101.991
97.163
90.740
89.913
• Data provided by: “Abteilung für Wirtschaft, Gebäude und Technik”
(Unit for Economy, Buildings and Techniques at Graz University)
The users can contribute (1)
• ... Nowadays it could
be possible a
decrease from 5% to
10%, if the users
contribute.
The users can contribute (2)
• The University is
growing in space
used and the time of
use has also
increased…
One example of the daily
practices that can be changed
• According to the Diplom
thesis it was decreased
20% of the energy
consumption with daily
practices...
The unit of buildings and
techniques and the heating
• Everyday this office deals with organizing and controlling
the heating and electricity for all buildings at the
University, and all the decisions are made from their
central office.
• In consequence the users can not change the heat in the
university classrooms, nor offices, because it is fixed.
• A way to contribute is if the people, and specially the
students could all to the office to inform when it’s too
warm or too cold. That way not just the energy used can
be decreased, but also the user’s in conditions can be
improved.
Contact details
• Person in charge:
DI (FH) Nicole Strini
Assistentin der Abteilungsleitung Gebäude und Technik
• E-mail address: [email protected]
• Telephones:
+43 (0)316/380 2149 and
+43 (0)316/380 1181
• Address:
Karl Franzens Universität Graz
Attemsgasse 8
8010 Graz
•Structural characteristics for passive houses
(the first reference to compare)
• In general for University
Buildings
A good example of a passive
house
http://planetgreen.discovery.com/videos/worl
ds-greenest-homes-the-new-zealandpassive-solar-home.html
Passive house
A dwelling which achieves the Passive Houses
standard typically includes:
• very good levels of insulation with minimal
thermal bridges;
• well thought out utilisation of solar and internal
gains;
• excellent level of air tightness;
• good indoor air quality, provided by a whole
house mechanical ventilation system with highly
efficient heat recovery.
Passive House Darmstadt
Kranichstein
• the first Passive House, built in
1990.
• Architects: Prof. Bott /Ridder
/Westermeyer.
• This building has got an annual
heat requirement of approximately
10 kWh/(m²a).
http://www.passivhaustagung.de/Passive_House_E/passivehouse.html
Passive house in Austria
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NgDRK
SQp2RI
http://bldgsim.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/passive-house_scheme.jpg
Passive House
•
In Europe already more than 6000
passive house units have been
successfully built and completed.
•
Positive feedback from inhabitants
has confirmed what had been
projected:
1. energy costs can be reduced drastically;
2. comfort of living increases significantly
by using an energy efficient construction.
For Europe a dwelling is deemed
to satisfy the Passive House
criteria if:
• the total energy demand for space heating
and cooling is less than 15 kWh/m2/yr
treated floor area;
• the total primary energy use for all
appliances, domestic hot water and space
heating and cooling is less than 120
kWh/m2/yr.
Isolation in the University
buildings
• On one hand the old
buildings have a bad
isolation because of the
materials of the walls and
the windows…
• On the other, the excess of
glass surface in the new
ones (such as RESOWI,
which was the main
example used) does not
contribute to save energy
and it also implies high
costs due to mantainance.
A brieve view of the inner space of one
of the University‘s buildings
Some of the rooms in the
University campus need
artificial light even in a
sunny day.
On the other hand the
excess of windows is also a
problem in terms of
isolation. How to solve this
conflict? It is a question that
remains for future projects…
Mirror technology
… However a suggestion
was made by professor
Schleicher during one of his
lectures; so we asked him to
mention it during the
interview.
The idea is about a
technology with mirrors that
is used to introduce the
outside light into closed
rooms.
Solar pannels and Photovoltaic modules
OGANIZATIONS AROUND THE
UNIVERSITY
New Studies
Usw 2003, Sustainable city developement 2007,
Sustainable developement 2008,
Sustainability4U
The four Universities of Graz wanted to realize a better
cooperation Usw, Sustanable developemnt
This committee consists of at least two persons of one
university, who are involved in the process of
sustainable development each university.
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"Oikos" (Students for sustainable
economics and management)
Wegener Zentrum
Students Organization
EuroEnviro
RESULTS VS HYPOTHESIS
Results Vs. Hypothesis (1)
• The main assumption that changed is that
the University is relatively doing very well
in energy consumption.
– The term relatively is included on purpose,
because the affirmation is in comparison to
the estimations made for the time period from
2006 to 2009.
Results Vs. Hypothesis
• On the other hand, the structures of our
University buildings are not designed as in
the case of passive houses, even though
the technology exists. The changes that
are needed require huge efforts,
investments and agreements.
• The user’s daily practices do affect, as it
was predicted.
To improve
• It is required a huge and inclusive effort from
different participants in the university community:
– the students, the professors and the employees of all
levels up the top management.
• The question is: how to involve the individuals in
a common project?
– In this crusade the actions of organizations within the
University is basic, but also the support of other
organizations, it would be very useful.
References
• http://www.passivhaustagung.de/elfte/englis
h/01_start_home.html
• http://www.calacademy.org/
• http://clear.eawag.ch/optionen/co2reduktion/
subfolder/energieeffizienz/Oekomanagement.
pdf
• Dunkel, Gerald H. “Energiedienstleistungen
für die Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz”, Graz
(2002)
Thank you for Your
attention !!!
