Transcript EOC PRACTICE QUESTIONS #2

EOC PRACTICE QUESTIONS #2
Bio 3.1 - Explain how traits are
determined by the structure and function
of DNA.
1. DNA and RNA are both made up
of _______________which contain a
__________,___________, and a
__________________.
2. The sugar in DNA is _________
and in RNA is ____________.
3. The bases in DNA are:
4. The bases in RNA:
5. DNA shape is a
___________(twisted ladder)
6. RNA shape is:
7. RNA has 3 forms:
- Carries the DNA code from the nucleus to
the ribosome ______.
- Carries the amino acid from the cytoplasm
to the ribosome ______.
- Place where the amino acids are put
together to make a protein. ________.
8. Chromosomes in the nucleus of
eukaryotic cells contain ___________and
_____________.
9. DNA is the genetic information in the
nucleus that codes for the production of
______________.
10. DNA Replication (Copy, Synthesize,
Duplicate, Complimentary Base Pairs)
occurs in the ___________,
11. The weak bond that holds together the
complimentary base pairs in DNA are
____________________.
12. Replicated DNA contains one old
strand that serves as a template and one
new strand making it _______________.
13. Replication must occur prior to any
type of cell division so that each daughter
cell has a __________ to run the cell.
14. The stage of the cell cycle that DNA is
replicated in is the _______ of _______.
15. The process that converts the DNA
code into messenger RNA so that it can
leave the _____is called ________.
16. The process the converts messenger
RNA into a protein is called _________
and occurs at the _____________.
17. Name the process, then tell
where the process takes place.
18. A series of three nitrogen bases on
messenger RNA is called a ______.
19. A series of three nitrogen bases on
transfer RNA is called an _______.
20. Replicate TCC-AGT-TAG
21. Transcribe TCC-AGT-TAG into
mRNA.
22. Translate the mRNA into a protein -
AGG-UCA-AUG
23. If the anticodon on tRNA reads UGC,
what amino acid does it code for?
24. A random change in a DNA sequence
is called a ______________.
25. Radiation, radon, asbestos, chemicals
are all ______________.
26. There are two types of mutations:
_______ and ___________.
27. True or False - Most mutations
are harmful.
28. Identify the following types of frame
shift mutations by labeling them as
inversion, deletion, duplication or
translocation.
•
Original DNA Sequence – ABCDEF
•
ADEF
•
ABCXYZ
•
AEDCBF
•
ABBCDEF
Bio.1.2.2 - Analyze how cells grow and
reproduce in terms of interphase, mitosis and
cytokinesis.
Bio.3.2.1 - Explain the role of meiosis in sexual
reproduction and genetic variation.
29. Cells must divide due to
__________ratio and lack of ____to tell
the cell what to do.
30. Cells have to divide to allow an
organism to: _____, _____ injuries, and
______.
31. Part of the cell cycle where the cell
spends the majority of its life cycle
growing and synthesizing DNA is
_________.
32. The stages in mitosis are :
________
33. Label the diagrams below.
34. This is when the nucleus divides:
____
35. The division of the cytoplasm is
called _____________.
36. In plant cells a ___________forms
during cytokinesis for the cell wall to
develop. In animal cells a
___________forms.
37. Type of division the makes
diploid cells ___________.
38. Type of division that makes
haploid cells ____________.
39. Type of division that occurs in
somatic or body cells ___________.
40. Type of division that occurs to
form gametes _________.
41. Type of division that makes 4
daughter cells ____________.
42. Type of division that makes 2
daughter cells __________.
43. Type of division that has two
divisions ___________.
44. Type of division that is one
division ____________.
45. Type of division that is asexual
______.
46. Type of division that is sexual
______.
47. Type of cell division that is does
not allow for variation _______.
48. Type of cell division that allows
for variation _________.
49. ___________and
_____________allow for genetic
variation.
50. Name the processes below.
51. ____________and __________ cause
changes in DNA
52. Human gametes contain
__________chromosomes.
53. Human somatic cells
contain_________ chromosomes.
54. Type of cell in the human that
undergoes the most rapid mitosis is
_________.
55. The __________ holds sister
chromatids together when DNA replicates
during the S-phase of interphase.
56. Label the following types of asexual
reproduction.
57. Chromosomes that are the same
length, centromere is in the same
location, and the same traits are called
_______________.
58. These pairs line up during synapsis of
prophase 1 of meiosis and gene shuffling
occurs in the process called
______________.
59. If a corn anther contains 20
chromosomes in the cells, how many
chromosomes will the pollen cell have?59.
60. _________is the process in which the
gametes unite forming a ________.
61. Label the stages of human
development below
62. This is a diagram of __________.
63. Gametogenesis in a male is called
______. It occurs in the _________.
______sperm are produced.
64. Gametogenesis in a female is called
_________. It occurs in the ________.
____________are produced.
Bio.3.2.2 Predict offspring ratios based
on a variety of inheritance patterns
(including dominance, co-dominance,
incomplete dominance, multiple alleles,
and sex-linked traits).
65. The transmission of genes from
parent to offspring is called _________.
66. A unit of hereditary information
is called a __________.
67. Different forms of a gene are
called ___________.
68. Two of the same alleles is called
_______________.
69. Two different alleles is called
_____.
70. The bossy allele that always shows
itself and masks the other alleles is
__________.
71. The quiet allele that only shows itself
when paired with itself is the _______.
72. An organisms genetic make-up (actual
genes) is its ______________.
73. An organisms physical characteristics
are its _______________.
74. Results in a phenotype where the two
dominant alleles show up equally
____________.
75. Results in a blended phenotype
_____.
76. Cross used to determine the genotype
for a known phenotype ________.
77. Type of organism always used in a
test cross because it has a known
genotype and phenotype.
78. How can two organisms have the
same phenotype yet different
genotypes?
79. Mendel’s principle that the alleles
separate during meiosis _______.
80. Mendel’s principle that the bossy
gene always wins
81. Mendel’s principle that the alleles
separate independently of each other
82. Cross involving one trait
83. Cross involving two traits
84. The likelihood an event will occur
is called ______________.
85. Probability (is / is not) based on
prior events.
86. The Probability that a woman will have
three boys in a row is ________.
87. Tall is dominant over short in pea
plants. Cross two hybrid plants. What is
the genotypic ratio? What is the
phenotypic ratio?
88. Short tails (S) are dominant to long
tails (s). Brown hair (B) is dominant to
White hair (b).
• SsBb x SsBb
88 a. For the cross below, how many of
the offspring will be Short tailed and
Brown?
88 b. For cross below, how many of the
offspring will be Short tailed and white?
88 c. For cross below, how many of the
offspring will be Long tailed and Brown?
88 d. For cross below, how many of the
offspring will be Long tailed and White?
88 e. That makes the phenotypic
ratio for this cross ______________.
89. In camellias there are red flowers,
white flowers and red and white flowers.
Is this an example of incomplete or
codominance?
90. Cross a heterozygous red and white
flower with a white flower and give the
genotypic and phenotypic outcomes
91. In snapdragons there are red
flowers, white flowers and pink
flowers. Is this an example of
incomplete or codominance?
92. Cross two heterozygous flowers and
give the genotypic and phenotypic
outcomes
93. A dog with black fur (B) produces a
litter of puppies in which 50% of the
puppies are black and 50% are white (b).
What is the genotype of the parent ?
94. List the genotypes and phenotypes of
blood types
• Phenotypes
•Genotypes
95. Is it possible for a mom with blood
type A and a dad with blood type B to
have a child with O blood? ____How?
96. Cross a type A mother whose mother
had O blood with a father that has AB
blood. Give the possible phenotypic
outcomes.
97. A trait that shows up only on the sex
chromosomes is considered to be
98. Two sex-linked diseases are
99. The sex chromosomes of a
female are _____and a male are
_____.
100. _____inherit sex-linked traits most
often. They get them from their _____.
101. Cross a colorblind female with
a normal male. What is the
probability the offspring will be
colorblind?
102. Is it possible for a carrier female to
have a daughter that is color blind?
_____ If so how?
103. A family tree is called a
________.
104. The symbol for a male is a
_____ and for a female is a _______.
105. If they have the disease the
symbol is _________.
106. What are the genotypes for each
of the people on these pedigrees?
106 a. Which would represent
colorblindness or hemophilia?
106 b. Which would represent sickle
cell or cystic fibrosis?
106 c. Which would represent
Huntington’s disease or
Achondroplasia?
107. The diagram below is called a _____.
It is a picture of ________. The person in
the diagram below is a Male/Female.
108. The person has the genetic disorder
_________ , also called _________. This
is caused by the failure of chromosomes
to separate correctly which is called
_____.
109. Genetic disorder characterized by
abnormal shape of red blood cell that
make them unable to carry oxygen is
______. People who are heterozygous are
immune to the mosquito carrying disease
called ______________.
110. Genetic disorder that leads to the
buildup of thick mucus in the lungs is
_____.
111. Skin color, eye color, height are
determined by many genes and are
called _________ traits.
112. Which diagram represents
fertilization that will develop into a normal
female zygote?
113. ____________determined all
sequence of all the alleles in humans.
114. _________is the process of making
changes in the DNA code of organisms.
115. A circular piece of DNA found in
bacteria is called a _________.
116. The combination of genetic material
from 2 or more organisms is called
________.
117. __________cut the DNA at the same
sequence on different strands of DNA.
118. _________puts the two new
pieces back together.
119. This technology is used to make
______and ________.
120. Bacteria are used in genetic
engineering because they reproduce
________ (no variation) and _______.
The DNA is then transcribed and
translated producing the __________.
121. Organisms that have genes from
another organism are called ______. BT
corn is an example.
122. Below is a picture of ________.
123. The diagram below is called
_______.
Who are the soldiers
parents?
124. Fruits and vegetable with
longer shelf lives and cows
producing more milk are examples
of
125. The _________ makes many copies
of a DNA sequence in a short amount of
time
126. _____________inserts normal
gene sequences through inhalers
into people with diseases like cystic
fibrosis so that correct protein
sequences may be produced.
127. Complete the table below with features
specific to messenger RNA (mRNA)
Double/Single Stranded?
•
•
•
•
Function?
A. Single stranded
B. double stranded
C. Carries amino acids to the ribosomes
D. Takes the genetic information from DNA to the
ribosomes in the cytoplasm
• E. Matches anticodons to the correct amino acids
• 128. Meiosis creates genetic variation. Select 3
statements below that support this assertion.
• A. daughter cells formed during meiosis are not
genetically identical to either mother or father
• B. Meiosis results in mixing of maternal and
paternal chromosomes and crossing over
• C. During normal cell growth meiosis produces
daughter cells that are identical to parent cell
• D. During sexual reproduction, fusion of the
unique haploid gametes produces truly unique
offspring