Transcript Slide 1
LJETNJI UNIVERZITET U TUZLI Hranom do zdravlja, 01.07.2011.
UTICAJ OMEGA-3 MASNIH KISELINA NA INFLAMATORNE PROCESE
Dizdarević Kemal, Hot Nadja, Dizdarević Adisa, Jašić Jasminka
Omega-3 masne kiseline
Esencijalne polinezasićene masne kiseline
Termin"esencijalne" masne kiseline jer
ljudsko tijelo ih ne može sintetizirati ali su neophodne za ljudsko zdravlje
Omega-3 masne kiseline
1. Alfa-linolenska kiselina– “ALA”
Izvor: zeleno lisnato povrće, orasi, lan, bundeva
2. Dokosaheksaenoična kiselina – “DHA” 3. Eikosapentaenoična kiselina – “EPA”
Izvori: losos, sardine, haringe, pastrmka(masne ribe)
Thompson, et al. (2008) The science of nutrition. Berkeley: University of California Press. University of Maryland Medical Center - http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htm
Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/othernuts/omega3fa/index.html#intro
Značaj omega 3 masnih kiselina
Značaj omega 3 masnih kiselina u prehrani primijećen je početkom dvadesetog stoljeća pri proučavanju zdravlja i ishrane Eskima
Kasnije su njihov značaj potvrdile brojne studije kod: smanjenja triglicerida, prevenciji srčanog udara, reumatoidnog artritisa, osteoporoze, ateroskleroze, moždanog udara ......
Infarkt miokarda i unos masti kod Eskima i Danaca
Eskimi Danci Infarkt miokarda 3 40 Energija iz masti (%) 39 42 n-6 PUFA (g/d) 5 10 n-3 PUFA (g/d) 14 3 n-3/n-6 2.8 0.3
Holesterol (mg/d) 790 420
Bolji izbor omega 3 masnih kiselina povrće ili riba
ALA je prekursor DHA i EPA
Riba sadržiu DHA & EPA
Naše tijelo konvertuje ALA u DHA & EPA ALA enzimi EPA + DHA
Konverzija je insuficijentna
DHA & EPA mnogo efikasniji izvor NIH Office of Dietary Supplements http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcidsandHealth/ Linus Pauling Institute at OSU http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/othernuts/omega3fa/index.html#intro
Kako djeluju omega 3 masne kiseline?
Važna komponenta ćelijske membrane
Prekursori eikozanoida koji sudjeluju:
vazodilatacija/konstrikcija inflanflamacija koagulacija vaskularna permeabilnost
Kris-Etherton, P. M., Harris, W. S., Appel, L. J., & for the AHA Nutrition Committee. (2003). Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: New Recommendations From the American Heart Association. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 23(2), 151-152.
Kako djeluju omega 3 masne kiseline?
Djeluju kao antiupalni i imunostimulirajući agensi preko sinteze eikozanoida kao što su prostaglandini,
leukotrieni i tromboksani
Iz omega 3 masnih kiselina (EPA) se sintetiziraju
antiinflamatorni leukotrien 3 i prostaglandin 3
Iz arahidonske kiseline (AA) koja pripada omega 6 masnim kiselinama sintetiziraju se
proinflamatorni leukotrieni B4 (LTB4) i prostaglandina E2 (PGE2)
Omega-6 masne kiseline
Omega-6 masne kiseline su takođe esencijalne masne kiseline Omega 6 masne kiseline su: linolna (LA) i arahidonska (AA) LA se unosi konzumiranjem suncokretovog i sličnih ulja
Simopoulos, A. P. (2008). The Importance of the Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio [...]. Exp. Biol. Med.
, 233 (6), 674-688.
International Omega-3 Learning and Education Consortium for Health and Medicine. (n.d.) from http://www.omega3learning.purdue.edu/
Pojednostavljeni dijagram strukture omega 3 i omega 6 masne kiseline
Omega-3 naspram omega-6 ?
Današnji naučni izvori sugeriraju važnost odnosa unosa O-6 : O-3 Zapadna ishrana sadrži vrlo visoke količine omega-6 masnih kiselina Ne unosi se dovoljno omega-3 masnih kiselina Deficit Omega-3 postaje problem današnje ishrane
Simopoulos, A. P. (2008). The Importance of the Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio [...]. Exp. Biol. Med.
, 233 (6), 674-688.
International Omega-3 Learning and Education Consortium for Health and Medicine. (n.d.) from http://www.omega3learning.purdue.edu/
Kako djeluju omega 3 i omega 6 masne kiseline?
Na stupanj sinteze anti i pro inflamatornih metabolita utiče kompozicija odnosa omega 3 i omega 6 masnih kiselina pri unosu
Ove dvije vrste masnih kiselina koriste iste enzime i transportne sisteme tokom metaboliranja u tijelu
Balans se narušava ako nedostaju masne kiseline poput EPA kad dolazi do pretjeranog djelovanja proupalnih medijatora jer nedostaju protivupalni medijatori
Kako djeluju odnos omega 3 i omega 6 masnih kiselina?
Odnos omega 3 i omega 6 masnih kiselina u prehrani bi trebao biti 1:2 do 1:4, no međutim on je često 1:10 do 1:20 Bitan je i odnos metabolita AA i EPA i ukoliko je previsok ukazuje na veliku mogućnost razvoja upalnih procesa i određenih hroničnih bolesti DHA je dominantna u mozgu i mrežnici i njena niska razina se vezuje za Alzheimerovu bolest
Zaključak
Balansiran unos omega 3 masnih kiselina hranom ili dodacima prehrani u duljem vremenskom razdoblju osigurava organizmu prevenciju od upalnih kao i drugih hroničnih sistemskih bolesti
Zaključak
Preporuka je:
da najmanje 2%, ali ne više od 3% svih kalorija treba da se dobije iz LA omega-6 masne kiseline
da 1% od svih kalorija treba da se dobije iz ALA., omega-3 esencijalne masne kiseline
da po 0,1% svih kalorija dolazi od omega-3 masna kiselina EPA i DHA
Neke studije sa omega 3 masnim kiselinama
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