Russian Academy of Sciences Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics

ASPIN – ISON network project for researches of asteroids

Igor Molotov, Yurij Krugly, Leonid Elenin, Yurij Ivaschenko, Raguli Inasaridze, Vasilij Rumyantsev , Tungalag Namkhai, Vadym Savanevich, Sergei Schmalz, Vitaly Nevsky

40th COSPAR Scientific Assembly 2 - 10 August 2014, Moscow, Russia

International Scientific Optical Network (ISON)

• ISON is a cooperation of 35 optical observatories and observation facilities with 80 telescopes in 15 countries • ISON is an open international project developed to be an independent source of data about space objects for scientific and applied goals • Three main scientific directions – asteroids, space debris and GRB afterglows • ISON network is coordinated by Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KIAM) • ASPIN (asteroid search and photometry initiative) ISON network project for researches of asteroids

Map of ISON observatories

ASPIN goals

• Search of asteroids and comets • Investigations of physical properties of NEAs • Follow up observations of discovering objects • Developing of telescopes and software for asteroid survey

ASPIN telescopes

ISON asteroid surveys with

CoLiTec software

http://colitec.neoastrosoft.com/en/ MPC Observatory Telescope Code

A50 Andrushivka С15 D00 H15 ISON Ussuriysk ISON Kislovodsk ISON-NM C40 Krasnodar ORI-50M 0.5-м f/2.3

Santel-650А 0.65-м f/2 Santel-400АН 0.4-м f/3 Santel-400АН 0.4-м f/3 Astrosib-510 0.51-m

FOV, in ang.min.

148x148 132x132 106x106 106х106 120x120

Scale “/pxs

4.27

3.81

2.06

1.55

3.6

Coordinates Altitude m

50 ° 00’ N 28 ° 59’ E 43 ° 42’ N 132 ° 10’ E 43 ° 44’ N 42 ° 39’ E 32 ° 54’ N 105 ° 31’ W 45 ° 01’ N 227 279 2 107 2 217 67 39 ° 02’ E

Coverage with ISON surveys for 1 month

Orbital elements of more 1500 asteroids, discovered by ISON

Brightness distribution of 450,000 ISON measurements

Overall ISON statistics for 2010-2014

ISON discoveries

Our comets

Asteroid Photometry Goals

• Characterization of the Near-Earth Asteroids (newly discovered ones and especially Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs)) that includes determination diameters, shapes, rotation periods, surface properties of the bodies.

• Searching for binary asteroids and determining parameters of the binary systems • Investigation of Yarkovsky-O’Keeffe-Radzievskii Paddack effect (YORP-effect) – detection of the influence on asteroid’s rotation • Support radar observations of NEAs in optics

Photometric Telescopes in Network

Existing telescopes with diameters from 60 cm up to 2.6 m have been modernized within the ISON framework to use in the network: Gissar (Tajikistan), Lisnyky (Ukraine), Chuguev (Ukraine), Simeiz (Ukraine), Abastumani (Georgia), Maidanak (Uzbekistan), Nauchny (Ukraine), Tian-Shan (Kazakhstan)

Photometric Telescopes in Network Few 40-cm and 50-cm aperture telescopes have been produced – Mayhill (USA), Sinaloa (Mexico), Uzhgorod (Ukraine), Blagoveschensk (Russia), Khuraltogot (Mongolia)

NEAR-EARTH ASTEROID LIGHTCURVES

Main Results of Asteroid Photometry

•more then 250 lightcurves for about 100 NEAs were obtained; •15 asteroids were observed to investigate of the YORP effect, and for 5 of them the YORP was detected: Apollo, Geographos, Eger, (2100) Ra-Shalom и (88710) 2001 SL9; •22 new determinations of rotation periods were done; •6 from the obtained periods found to be longer 16 hrs; •4 super-fast rotators were found: 2001 FE90, 326290 1998 HE3; 2012 KP24 and 2012 KT42 •7 binaries were found: (3352) McAuliffe, (8373) Stephengould, (7888) 1993 UC, (68216) 2001 CV26, (137170) 1999 HF1, (329437) 2002 OA22, (8306) Shoko

Extremely fast rotators 2012 KP24 and 2012 KT42

YORP Investigations

In results of the lightcurve observations an influence of the Yarkovsky O’Keeffe-Radzievskii-Paddack effect on asteroid rotation was detected/confirmed for 5 NEAs. The work are performed in collaboration with David Vokrouhlicky and Josef Durech from Institute of Astronomy of Charles University (Prague, Czech). Lightcurves of 3 asteroids with the YORP detected: Apollo, Geographos, Eger.

Apollo Geographos Eger 11,8 Hv 14.8

1862 Apollo 1620 Geographos

12,0 15.2

12,2 15.6

12,4 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 Rotational phase April 2007 0,8 1,0

Kaasalainen et al. 2007; Durech et al. 2008

16.0

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

Rotational phase Febr. 2008 0.8

1.0

Durech et al. 2008 Durech et al. 2009

Binary Asteroids

1.

Searching for binary asteroids and determining parameters of the binary systems is performed in cooperation with Czech astronomers from Ondrejov Astronomical Observatory, Czech Academy of Sciences.

2.

To obtain the good results for searching / investigation of binary system we need in regular observations, and as usually as it should be observations during several consecutive nights. The best way to detect and investigate the binary asteroid is to observe the object from several obsevatories located at different longitudes.

Binary Asteroids

8373 Stephengould – discovered as binary and then this system was investigated in the project in 2010 15,2

8373 8373

12,2 15,4 12,4 15,6 12,6 15,8 16 - Jan. 17, 2010 18 20 22 UT(c) 24 26 28 12,8 16 - Jan. 18, 2010 18 20 22 UT(c) 24 26 28

In 2014 printing of Monthly Bulletin on Asteroid-Comet Hazard is started in KIAM

http://library.keldysh.ru/ako/ http://astronomer.ru/ako/

Contents: • Statistics of asteroid observation • Statistics on discovered asteroids • Statistics on discovered NEAs • Close approaches • ISON photometry of NEAs • Radar data • ISON NEA measurements • Summary of ISON results • Attachments (coverage, participating observatories, all measurements)

Conclusion

• ASPIN is new project on investigations of asteroids • Good results was obtained in part of photometry of NEAs -7 binaries and 5 with YORP effect were found • Methodology of NEA searching is adjusting – 7 NEAs and 4 comets were discovered with ISON production telescopes of 40, 50 and 65-cm and

CoLiTec software

• Points with good astroclymates for new ISON surveys are searched (negotiations with Argentina and Mexico are on the way) • More powerful survey telescopes are in production – double 40-cm with FOV 11.2x5.6 degree • Single 40-cm telescope with FOV of 11x7 degree for small CCD mosaic is in elaboration