Transcript Characteristics of the environment

Oromia Region: Environmental
and livestock characteristics
Ed Rege, ILRI
25 February 2003
Introduction
 Total area = 366,000 Sq. Km; 32%
of the country
 Geographical diversity: Land
elevation from 500 to 4300m asl
 Human population = 19 Million;
90% in the rural areas
 Richest in livestock resources
Zones of Oromia Region
East
Wellega
West
Shoa
North
Shoa
East
East
Shoa Hararge
West
Wellega
West
Hararge
Illubabor
Arsi
Jimma
Bale
Borana
Main characteristics
Environmental characteristics
 Agro-ecological Zone
 Production system
Livestock characteristics
 Livestock density
 Types of species
 Prevalence of diseases
Agro-ecological
zone
 Dega – Highland (2300-3200m asl)
 Weina Dega – Midland (1500-2300m asl)
 Kolla – Lowland (500-1500m asl)
Agro-ecological zone (cont.)
Agro-ecological zones
Kolla (Lowland)
Weina Dega (Midland)
Dega (Highland)
Source: Ethiopian Mapping Agency and Ministry of Agriculture 2000
Agro-ecological zone (cont.)
Kolla (Lowland)
Weina Dega (Midland)
Dega (Highland)
Percentages of selected households
by agro-ecological zone
Livestock
density
 Low – 1 to 50 animals/km2
 Medium – 51 to 100 animals/km2
 High – 101 to 200 animals/km2
 Very high – > 200 animals/km2
Livestock density (cont.)
Livestock density (no/km²)
Low = 1-50
Medium = 51-100
High = 101-200
Very high = >200
Livestock density (cont.)
Low = 1-50 animals/km2
Percentages of selected households
by livestock density
Medium = 51-100
‘’
High = 101-200
‘’
Very high = >200
‘’
Livestock density agroecological zone by
Dega
Livestock
density
Weina Dega
Very High
High
Kolla
Medium
Low
Production
system
 Crop-livestock systems
 Agro-Pastoralists systems
 Pastoralists systems
Production system (cont.)
Crop- livestock systems
Agro-pastoralist
Pastoralist
Production system by zone
Percentages of selected households by Zone and agro-ecological zone
Production system
Zone
Borana
Bale
Arsi
East Shoa
West Hararge
East Hararge
North Shoa
West Shoa
East Wollega
Jimma
Illubabor
West Wollega
No. of
Crop-livestock
households
system
199
41
158
91
150
98
170
73
139
89
140
81
120
100
200
98
130
99
140
100
129
100
199
11
Agro-pastoralist
30
7
2
27
11
11
2
1
<1
Pastoralist
29
2
7
-
Percentages of households
Production system by agroecological zone
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Dega
Weina Dega
Kolla
Agro-ecological zone
Crop-livestock
Agro-pastoralist
Pastoralist
Livestock species
100
75
%
50
25
0
Cattle
Sheep
Chickens
Goats
Donkeys
Horses
Percentages of households owning species of livestock
Mules
Camels
Pigs
Livestock species by agroecological zone
Percentages of households owning species of livestock by agro-ecological zone
Species
No. of households
Cattle
Sheep
Chickens
Goats
Donkeys
Horses
Mules
Camels
Pigs
Agro-ecological Zone (%)
Dega
Weina Dega
Kolla
1134
2493
1679
98
94
94
77
57
53
59
63
49
49
51
69
46
46
51
65
17
3
9
9
6
<1
<1
16
<1
<1
<1
Overall
5306
95
60
58
57
48
23
8
5
<1
Livestock species by
production system
Percentages of households owning species of livestock by production system
Production system (%)
Species
No. of households
Crop/livestock
Agro-
system
pastoralist
Pastoralist
Overall
4897
442
200
5539
Cattle
95
98
100
95
Sheep
61
48
75
61
Chickens
62
44
4
59
Goats
53
76
91
56
Donkeys
45
60
40
46
Horses
26
9
2
23
Mules
8
5
11
8
Camels
2
22
52
5
<1
-
-
<1
Pigs
Prevalence of diseases of cattle
by agro-ecological zone
60
50
40
%
30
20
10
0
Dega
Weina Dega
Kolla
Prevalence of diseases of cattle
by livestock density
60
50
40
%
30
20
10
0
Low
Medium
High
Very high
Prevalence of diseases of cattle
by Zone
Percentages of households reporting prevalences of diseases by Zone
Disease (%)
No. of
Zone
Skin
households
Blackleg
Anthrax
FMD
disease
Pasteurollosis
176
25
32
23
3
22
1
Bale
113
a
25
17
-
4
Arsi
101
51
29
18
-
East Shewa
159
76
80
34
-
West Harerge
136
38
-
6
71
East Hararge
133
44
-
13
10
North Shewa
120
46
38
23
West Shewa
162
61
57
33
East Wellega
109
82
65
77
38
Borena
Jimma
Illubabor
West Wellega
Overall
63
Bloat
Tryps
Internal
Lung
Mastitis
CBPP
parasites
diseases
Other
38
2
53
14
1
18
5
42
6
1
11
15
5
-
16
-
1
-
12
2
4
45
1
-
-
-
6
-
4
6
66
1
2
-
-
1
1
38
52
1
2
1
2
4
32
-
9
3
-
66
-
3
1
2
-
24
-
8
-
-
1
1
7
37
-
10
5
-
-
-
10
-
2
-
23
-
3
12
27
8
-
1
5
42
36
-
-
42
6
33
-
-
3
-
25
-
-
188
16
20
5
94
20
-
-
-
-
4
31
1
1510
46
32
21
19
19
13
10
7
6
6
6
9
Conclusions
 In general livestock density is higher in highland areas
than in midland and lowland areas
 Crop-livestock systems are the predominant production
system in the Region
 Agro-pastoralist and pastoralist are more often found in
lowland areas
 Nearly all the selected households kept cattle
 Most species are found in all agro-ecological zones.
Camels are predominantly found in lowland areas and
horses in highland areas
Conclusions (cont.)
 Cattle, sheep and donkeys occur in all production
systems. Goats and camels tend to occur more often
in pastoralist systems, and horses in crop-livestock
systems
 Blackleg was reported to be the most prevalent
disease, followed by anthrax. Trypanosomosis was
more prevalent in lowland areas. Prevalence of
mastitis increased with livestock density