Transcript 0000 sastry. ppt - NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering

Can Nanotechnology Provide the Innovations for a Second
Green Revolution in Indian Agriculture?
R.Kalpana Sastry*, N.H.Rao**, Richard Cahoon* and Terry Tucker*
* Cornell University, NY; ** NAARM, India
Changing Context
Possible Themes and Research
From green revolution to decline in ag.growth
Sector of
agricultural supply
chain
Themes
5-year moving
average
development of
processes:
production
nanomaterials /
plant/animal cells;
devices
genomics/proteomics;
• post harvest
• plant/animal
processing
production
• packaging
• transportation
• plant/animal
protection
• natural resource
• retail
• consumer
From selfsufficiency to
concerns on food
security
“Is it a technology fatigue?”
conservation
• post-consumption • pathogen/
contaminant
detection
• veterinary medicine
• bioprocessing for
food
Source: Planning Commission, GOI, 2004
• nanobased
packaging
• nano-bio industrial
products
Objective
Preliminary assessment of
potential of nanotechnology (NT)
for sustainable agricultural
growth in India
NT in agriculture is an evolving
field :
Has potential to revolutionize
agriculture and food systems (Roco,
2003; Kuzma and Verhage, 2006)
To improve the conditions of the poor
(Juma and Yee-Cheong, 2005)
• nanoscale phenomena and
• agricultural
• pre-harvest
Source : Planning Commission, GOI, 2007
• basic research for
• agricultural waste
Theme
Nano-Research areas
Method
• farm inputs
Results
1.
Need to conceptualize, prioritize and
design NT research across various
links in the agricultural
productionconsumption
value chain
Fig Source: Hartwich et al, 2003
Probable type of technology
Energy
CNT-based Hydrogen storage systems,
quantum dots-based photovoltaic cells,
film coatings for solar cells/panels, nano
catalysts for hydrogen generation
Water
Nanosensors, polymers, clays, zeolites
for contaminant detection
Nanomembranes for purification,
desalination, detoxification
Nanomolecules for robust water tanks
and to prevent seepage
Nanosensors for water flow detection
Nanozeolites for efficient release of water
Soil
Nanozeolites for slow release of
fertilizers particles for soil conservation,
nanomagnets for removal of soil
contaminants, soil health testing
biosafety; crop/ animal production
processes; natural resources cycles
• nanomaterials: nano fertilizers and
nanocides for efficient use of inputs
•Develop a database/knowledge base to assess
• soil erosion control; packaging
• nanodevices and systems:
biosensors for precision agriculture;
• diagnostics;
pathogen/contaminant detection
• smart delivery systems for
Theme
Application
area
Probable type of technology
2.
Value addition
Agri-waste/
biomass
Nanoparticles synthesis from cellulosebase agricultural byproducts
Particles in strengthening natural fibre,
enhancing aesthetics in cotton, jute and
other fibre products
Nanoparticles for liquid and gaseous
fuels-based lighting and cooking
technologies from crop residue, animal
waste
3.
Delivery
mechanisms
Disease and
pest control,
crop/animal
production
Encapsulated nanoparticles for
pesticides including biopesticides,
drugs, hormones, vaccines, gene, DNA,
for crop, livestock, fish hatcheries,
poultry
Early
detection in
crop/animal
husbandry
programmes
Nanosensors for detection
Quantum dots for diagnosis
genes/drugs/vaccines
• nanofiltration: nanobrushes for soil
& water purification
• smart systems integration
• environment, social, ethical, health
implications
• education
management
Priority Research Areas
4.
Disease
diagnosis
5.
Tracking use of Use of
biodiversity
germplasm,
biodiversity
6.
Horticultural
chain
1. Natural resource management:
efficient use of soil, water, energy inputs
2. Value addition of ag-waste/bio-mass
3. Disease diagnosis
4. Delivery mechanism in plant-soil-animal
system
5. Tracking biodiversity
Nanosensors for tracking use of elite
lines, breeds, cultivars
For
Nanosensors for tracking in cold chain
processing of Nanoemulsions for enhancing shelf-life
products in
flower, fruit,
processed
food industry
Theme
Application area
Probable type of technology/approach
7.
Food (fresh
and
processed)
sector
Food processing,
packaging,
nutraceutical
delivery, safety
and sensing
Development of nanoscale formulations of
different traditional food products, for
flavouring, refining catalytic devices in oils,
dairy, meat, poultry products
Nanocomposites, particles in packaging
materials including traditional, indigenous
material
Liposomal nanovesicles, nanocapsules for
better nutrient delivery, bioavailability
8.
Protocols for
risk
assessment
Regulation
systems
Data generation on testing and stds, toxicity
assessment methodology
9.
Education
Researchers,
policy, industry,
farmers,
consumers
Strong HRD programmes, global
partnership
Building
entrepreneur
networks in rural
areas
SME education and involvement, joint
ventures, supply chains. clusters, publicprivate partnerships
7. Food processing/packaging
8. Value-addition of ethnic foods
9. Protocols for risk assessment/safety
10. Education
11. Awareness across society (ELSI)
12. Developing new genetic types/
10.
breeds/cultivars
applications in agriculture based on:
•Areas of research (across various links in agrichain)
•Products
•Methods
•Timeline
•Potential for effective interface with current
research trends
•Environmental, health and societal implications
•IP and biodiversity related issues
Missed in early stage of
ag-biotech development !
•Assess priorities
6. Horticultural /food supply chain
Investments in India over $25
million for next 5 years
Natural
resource
management
Application
area
A Road Map for NT in Indian
Agriculture
Awareness
•Identify institutional strategies for:
•Research, educational, extension, governance and
regulation
Conclusion
Nanotechnology could provide
the much needed trigger for a
second green revolution in
Indian agriculture if the
following are emphasized:
1. Strategic approach to nanotechnology
research and development across the
agricultural value chain.
2. Environmentally and socially
responsible development of the
technology.
3. Anticipatory design of effective
regulatory mechanisms and strong
governance systems designed with
involvement of all the stakeholders.
4. Ultimate acceptance by the
stakeholders.
Acknowledgments: SM Ilyas, NAARM; Lesley Yorke, Kavli Institute at
Cornell for Nanoscale Science; Fulbright Scholar Program; IP/CALS,
Cornell University
Contact: [email protected]