Transcript Black Women in the Olympics

Black Women
in the
Olympics
Born Pierre de Coubetin-
1896 Modern Games
HBCU Track and Field
• Hampton (Institute) University –
dominant from 1924-1931
• 1927: Tuskegee University under
the direction of Cleveland Abbott –
copied the format of Penn Relays
to form first black Relay Carnival –
allowed women to participate in a
major Carnival for the first time.
• 1944: Tennessee State
Powerhouse: Jessie Abbott
as Coach (daughter of
Cleveland Abbott- Tuskegee
AD. )
1932 – First African American
females to participate in 1932
Games (Los Angeles): Tydre
Pickett and Louise Stokes. They
participated in the 1936 Games.
Louise Stokes and Tydre Pickett:
1932 and 1936
• !932 Games: Stokes
and Pickett were
replaced by two white
women- won 400
meter relay ( gold)
African American
Female College Student-Athlete
Wilma Rudolph
Alice Coachman Video Clip
Wilma Rudolph Video Clip
1948 – Tenn. State and Tuskegee
sent students to London Olympic
Games
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Alice Coachman – High Jump
Nell Jackson – 200 Meters
Mabel Walker – 100 Meters
Audrey Patterson – 200 Meters
• Emma Reed – Broad Jump
• Therese Manuel – Javelin & 80
Meters
• Mae Faggs – 60 Meters
• Bernice Robinson – 60 Meters
• Lillian Young – 60 Meters
Ed Temple (Track and Field) :
Tennessee State U.
• Fifty- four Years:
1940-1994
• Head Coach, USA
Women’s Olympic
Teams (1960, 1964)
• Head Coach, USA
Women’s PanAmerican Team
(1975)
• Member USOC:196084
Ed Temple (Cont.)
• Honors: National Track and Field Hall of
Fame, Tennessee Sports Hall of Fame,
Helms Hall of Fame, Led Tigerbelles to 34
National titles
• Gold Medal Athletes: Wilma Rudolph(3),
Wyomia Tyus(3), Edith McGuire(1),
Barbara Jones(1), Martha Hudson(1),
Lucinda Williams(1), Chandra
Cheeseborough(2)
Mae Faggs
• Born in 1932
First Black female to participate in
three different Olympics: 1948,
1952, and 1956 (Youngest team
member on 1948 team)
• 1952 – Gold Medal – 4x100 team
• 1956 – Bronze Medal – 4x100
team
• Member of National Track and
Field Hall of Fame
Alice Coachman
• Attended Tuskegee and Albany State
• Won the AAU (Amateur Athletic Union:
indoor 50m dash x 4
outdoor 50m dash x 2
100m dash x 3
indoor high jump x 3
outdoor high jump x 10
(most victories without a loss)
• First Black Female to win an
Olympic Gold medal in track and
field (HJ)
• Only woman to win Gold in track
and field in 1948 Olympic
Games
• 1991: Inducted into the
International Women’s sports
Hall of Fame
• Created the Alice Coachman
Track and Field foundation – an
organization dedicated to
assisting young athletes as they
pursue their dream; assist
retired Olympians as they
prepare for life after the Games.
Evelyn Ashford
• Only girl on boy’s high school
track team in Roseville, CA
• Co-captain of high school track
team her senior year
• One of the first women to receive
an athletic scholarship from UCLA
• 1976: 100m dash
• 1977: Won AIAW
championship in the 100 and
200 meters and 800m relay
• 1978: Won AIAW
championship in the 100 and
200 meters
• 1979: Won World Cup
championship in 100 and 200
meters
• 1980: Left school to train full
time for Olympics
• 1981: Won 100m and 200m
World Cup Championship
• 1983: Pulled hamstring at the
World Championship
• 1984: Set World record in 100m
in Zurich
• 1988: Won Silver medal in 100m;
Gold medal in 4x100m relay
• 1992: 4th Gold medal at age 35
on 4x100m relay
Valerie Brisco-Hooks
• 1984: First American woman to
win an Olympic Gold Medal in
200 and 400 meter and the
second woman to win three
Gold Medals
• 1984 Medals: Gold – 400
Meters (48/83); 200 meters
(21.81); 1,600 meter relay
(3:18:29)
• Attended California State in
Northridge.
Gail Devers
• 1993: Named 1993 Athlete of the
Year
• 1992: Barcelona, Spain
Won 100 meters (10.82 sec.)
• 1988: Set an American record in
100 meter hurdles
• She had Graves Disease: Thyroid
Disease (Took radiation treatment to
cure)
Florence Griffith Joyner
(Flo Jo)
1988 – First black female to win four
Gold Medals in a single Olympics
– 100 meters – 10.54
– 200 meters – 21.34
– 4 x 100 relay – 4198
– Broad jump
She also got a silver medal in the
1,600 meter relay
1984 – LA Games – Won
Silver Medal in the 200
meters
Lucinda Williams
• Earned Bachelor and Masters
degree from TSU
• Referred to as the “Lady Dancer”
• Associate Director of
comprehensive health, physical
education, driver education and
safety with the Dayton Ohio Public
Schools
• 1959: Pan American Games in
Chicago won 3 Gold Medals
• American Record holder in 220
yard dash (1958)
• 1960: Won Gold medal on the
4x100m relay
• Member Special Olympics Board
of Directors
• U.S. Olympian Society
• Lifetime Achievement Award
from Ohio Professional and
Amateur Athletics Committee
• Presidential Award from
AAHPERD; AAHPERD- Past
President
• Charles D. Henry Award (1998)
• Honorary Doctorate of from
Springfield College
• Inducted into State of Georgia
Hall of Fame
Wilma Rudolph
• Overcame double pneumonia,
polio, and scarlet
• Star basketball player in high
school (all-state)
• Invited to attend training camp at
Tennessee State (coach Ed
Temple)
• Attended Tennessee State
(1958)
• First black woman to win an
Olympic Gold Medal in sprint
(Rome, 1960)
• Set World Record in 200 m at
Olympic Games in Rome
• Declared fastest female runner:
AP Female Athlete of the Year
(1960)
• Credited with stirring interest
among females in track
• Formed the Wilma Rudolph
Foundation in Indianapolis, IN to
help under-privileged children
• Honored in hometown’s first
integrated parade
• Received the Sullivan Award
(1959) – Given to the top
amateur female athlete in U.S.
• Inducted into the Black Sports
Hall of Fame 1980
• Inducted into National
Women’s Hall of Fame
• First recipient of President
Clinton’s National Sports
Awards (1993)
Awards
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The Babe Zaharias Award 1962
United Press Athlete of the Year 1960
U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame 1983
Vitalis Cup for Sport Excellence 1983
1977 she wrote her autobiography:Wilma
Jackie Joyner-Kersee
• Attended UCLA on Basketball
scholarship
• 1986 American record holder in
the heptathlon; American record
in Long Jump
• World Record at the Goodwill
games in heptathlon
• Sullivan Award
• First woman to receive the St.
Louis Ambassadors
Sportswoman of the Year
Award
• First woman to get the Sporting
New Athlete of the Year Award
• Received the Jesse Owens
Memorial Award
• Founded the Jackie JoynerKersee Community
Foundation to develop
leadership programs in urban
areas
Zina Garrison
• 1988 – Gold Medal for Doubles
Bronze Medal for Singles
• First black female to play at
Wimbleton since Althea Gibson
in 1958.
Problems with HBCU
Track and Field
• Competitions held in Black
conferences not accredited/
sanctioned by the AAU or ICAAA
• Inadequate facilities
• Inadequate coaching
• Inadequate funding
• Did not have quality competition
– only allowed to compete in 3
major meets: Penn Relays,
CIAA, and Tuskegee Carnival
• Problems led to migration of
black to predominantly white
schools – state of the art
equipment, records set were
certified
Summary of History of Blacks in
Track and Field
• African Americans In the North:
–Attended prestigious white colleges
–African Americans at white colleges
gained world wide attention
–Better competition
• African Americans in the South
–Did not want to spend time training
for a sport that did not offer a
professional outlet
–Blacks were not expected to go to
school past the 7th grade –
expected to engage in farming or
business related to farming
Black Conferences
• 1916: Southern Intercollegiate
Athletic Conference (SIAC)
• 1924: Colored Intercollegiate
Athletic Association (CIAC)
• 1933: The Midwestern Athletic
Association (MWAA)
• 1936: Southwestern Athletic
Association (SWAC)
Other Conferences
• Amateur Athletic Union (AAU)
• Intercollegiate Amateur
Athletic Association of America
(ICAAA- founded in 1875)
Black Female Student Athlete
Impact: Title IX
Define Title IX
• No person in the US shall, on the basis of
sex, be excluded from participation in, be
denied the benefits of, or subjected to
discrimination under any education
program or activity receiving financial
assistance.
Female Athletes and Title IX
Female Athlete: Categories(2003)
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Basketball
Am. Indian
Asian
Black
Hispanic
N-R Alien
White
9
13
663
30
79
676
• CC/Track
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12
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25
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828
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75
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267
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1385
Most Popular Sports-2004
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1) Basketball
2) Volleyball
3) CC
4) Soccer
5) Softball
6) Tennis
7)T&F
8) Golf
9) Swimming
10) Lacrosse
Lack Of Women in Leadership
Positions
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Success of old boys club network
Lack of support systems for females
Female burnout
Failure of old girl club networks
Acosta and Carpenter
Racial and Sexual Barriers: Corbett
and Johnson
• Limited financial support
• P.E. teachers often lacking in the
background to coach
• Lack of administrative support
• Tendency of White coaches to associate
the Black female athlete with certain
sports
• Limited skill development opportunity
• Coaches’ hours