Transcript Introduction to Pathology

365 330 General Pathology
Introduction
Darunee Jintakanon
Department of Pathology
Faculty of Medicine, KKU
• Pathology คือ อะไร?
• ทำไมต ้องเรียน?
• เรียนอย่ำงไร?
• ต ้องกำรพืน
้ ฐำนควำมรู ้ใดบ ้ำง
• จะได ้ใชวิ้ ชำนีเ้ มือ
่ ไร? อย่ำงไร?
Pathology คือ อะไร?
Pathology = Pathos + Logos
Suffering Study
พยาธิวิทยา
Study of Disease
•จะได ้ใชวิ้ ชำนีเ้ มือ
่ ไร?
•ทำไมต ้องเรียน?
di
ag
no
sis
= STUDY ABNORMAL STATE OF
BODY PARTICULAR IN
MORPHOLOGICAL & FUNCTIONAL
CHANGES OF ORGAN, TISSUE CELLS.
Abnormal stage of body  Disease
•Disorderly function (show off as
abnormal sign and symptom) of
organ system of body (cell,
tissue, organ)
• Sign = objective symptom of disease
•Ascites, cachexia, cough, dysphagia,
fever, gynecomastia, hemoptysis,
hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, icterus,
lymphadenopathy, palmar erythema
• Symptom = subjective sign of disease
•Chest pain, dizziness, loss of appetite,
weakness, numbness, headache,
toothache
The concept of disease
Change with
adaptation
Environmental factors
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Genetic factors
Inability
to adapt
Hypertrophy /hyperplasia
Atrophy
Metaplasia
Injury
Lesion
Structural
change
Signs
Death
Functional
change
Symptoms
The general main causes of disease
i
ii
Congenital Diseases
Acquired Diseases
Inflammation:
Hemodynamic
Growth
disorder : shock, MI disorders
Injury, disordered repair: Neoplasia: lung CA
fracture, aspirin induced PU Non neoplastic: BPH
appendicitis, TB
Genetic
Non genetic
Inherited :
Environmental :
cystic fibrosis
rubella assoc mal-
Spontaneous :
Down’s syndrome
Accidental : cerebral
palsy ~ birth hypoxia
Metabolic
disorders: DM
Immune disorder:
AIDS, Graves’ disease
Degeneration:
osteoarthritis
* Familial diseases
* Abnormal Growth & Development
Cushing’s syndrome ~ X steroids
Iatrogenic disease
Aplastic anemia ~ chloramphenicol
Scope of Pathology
Anatomical Pathology Clinical Pathology
•surgical pathology
•cytopathology
•forensic pathology
•Oral and maxillofacial
pathology
Pathologists
•clinical chemistry
•clinical
hematology/blood
banking
•clinical
microbiology
~ medical technologists
Veterinary pathology is concerned with animal
disease
Phytopathology is the study of plant diseases.
A combination both anatomical and
clinical pathology is known as
general pathology
General pathology
• also called investigative pathology,
experimental pathology or theoretical
pathology
• is a broad and complex scientific field
which seeks to understand the
mechanisms of injury to cells and tissues,
as well as the body's means of responding
to and repairing injury
เรียนอย่ำงไร?
THEORETICAL STUDY
Main object is to know the nature of DISEASE
by study as the following :-
1. Etiology ( causes of diseases )
2. Pathogenesis (mechanism of diseases)
3. Pathological changes : structural
change  Lesion
THEORETICAL STUDY
4. Clinical feature : functional &
structural changes  symptoms
& signs of patients
5. Complication
6. Prognosis ( prediction the
future of victim)
Etiology
S.aureus
Smoking ,
Polycyclic AHC
HBV
Pathogenesis
Acute
inflammation
Morphological
and functional
features
Genetic
mutation
Immune
reaction Increased renin
to
virus
infected
production
cells
Boil
Lung cancer
Cirrhosis
Septicemia
Metastasis
Liver failure
High BP
Complications
& sequelae
Cerebral hemorrhage
เรียนอย่ำงไร?
TACTICAL STUDY
“เปรียบเทียบ” ระหว่ำงสงิ่ ปกติ กับ
สงิ่ ซงึ่ ผิดปกติไปจำกธรรมชำติของมนุษย์
ึ ษำโดย
ศก
เปรียบเทียบสงิ่ เดียวกัน ชนิดเดียวกันในเรือ
่ ง
โครงสร ้ำง และ หน ้ำทีก
่ ำรทำงำน ของ
อวัยวะ เนือ
้ เยือ
่ และเซลล์ นัน
้
ตัวอย่างการเปรี ยบเทียบ
Structure
Normal squamous cell VS abnormal squamous cell
Function of organ, tissue, cell
Normal blood sugar VS abnormal blood sugar
ตัวอย่างการเปรี ยบเทียบ
ตัวอย่างการเปรี ยบเทียบ
Techniques of Pathology
Biochemical
Microbiological
Hematological
Cell/ tissue culture
Learning objective
1. The meaning of pathology and
scope of pathology.
2. How to study the pathology?
3. Techniques of Pathology
4. The general main causes of disease
REFERENCES
1. General and systematic Pathology, 4th edition, edited by
J.C.E.Underwood, “Introduction to Pathology”
2. Concise Pathology, 3rd edition, edited by P.
Chandrasoma ; C.R. Taylor, Introduction : The
Discipline of Pathology, pp xiii – xiv
3. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease,
7th edition, edited by Kumar; Abbas; Fausto;
“Introduction to Pathology” pp 4