Transcript Engineering Branches
Engineering Branches
Dom Dal Bello
Engineering 100
Allan Hancock College Engineering Branches 1
United States Engineers 2002: 1.5 million
(U.S. Pop: 288M)
To nearest thousand:
1. Electrical: (Electrical/Electronics) 292,000 2. Civil: 228,000 3. Mechanical: 4. Industrial: 5. Aerospace: 6. Computer: (Hardware) 215,000 194,000 78,000 75,000
http://bls.gov/oco/ocos027.htm
Engineering Branches 2
United States Engineers 2008: 1.6 million
+100k since 2002 (U.S. Pop: 304M)
To nearest thousand:
1. Electrical: (Electrical/Electronics) 302,000 2. Civil: 278,000 3. Mechanical: 4. Industrial: 5. Computer: (Hardware) 6. Aerospace: 239,000 215,000 75,000 72,000 +10k since 2002 +50k +24k +21k 0 -6k
http://bls.gov/oco/ocos027.htm
, Sept. 9, 2010 Engineering Branches 3
Engineers
Environmental
Chemical
Materials
Petroleum
Nuclear
Biomedical
Marine/Naval Arch.
Mining/Geological
Agriculture
Architectural
Manufacturing
Systems
http://bls.gov/oco/ocos027.htm
Engineering Branches 4
Percentages (U.S)
1% ~ 16,000
Engineering Branches 5
Electrical Engineering
• • • Largest branch
Design devices and systems that use electricity Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (I.E.E.E.)
(38 technical societies in I.E.E.E.) Engineering Branches 6
Electrical Engineering
•
Electronics
• Communications • Power • Controls • Instrumentation Design of circuits & devices to
produce
,
amplify
and
rectify
(modify/filter) electric signals.
Use transistors, semiconductors, integrated circuits (ICs).
Engineering Branches 7
Electrical Engineering
• • Electronics
Communications
• Power • Controls • Instrumentation Entertainment to military.
Cell phones, video tele conferencing.
Lasers, fiber-optics, wireless.
Data transmission (data, voice, video).
Engineering Branches 8
Electrical Engineering
• Electronics • Communications •
Power
• Controls • Instrumentation Production, Transmission and Distribution.
Hydroelectric, steam, nuclear, solar, wind, fuel cells.
Transmission lines, motors, generators.
Engineering Branches 9
Electrical Engineering
• Electronics • Communications • Power •
Controls Response
T T
in o T in -T o
processes (robotics).
Compare a measured
Generic Control Process
T
o
quantity to desired result; that adjusts input
Response
control).
T
o (output )
Engineering Branches 10
Electrical Engineering
• • Electronics • Communications • Power • Controls
Instrumentation
Use electronic devices to measure pressure, temperature, speed, voltage, etc.
Process, store, transmit data.
Engineering Branches 11
Mechanical Engineering
• • • Broadest branch.
Design power-producing machines and engines, and power-using machines.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (A.S.M.E.)
(founded 1880; 32 technical divisions in 7 groups; and 3 institutes) Engineering Branches 12
Mechanical Engineering
•
Energy
• Design of Structures and Motion of Mechanical Systems • Manufacturing Production and Transfer.
Energy Conversion (e.g., heat to mechanical).
Design and Operate Power Plants.
HVAC (heat., vent. & air cond).
Refrigeration and Heat Exchangers.
Solar, Geothermal, Wind.
Engineering Branches 13
Mechanical Engineering
• • Energy
Design of Structures and Motion of Mechanical Systems
• Manufacturing Cars, trucks, tractors, trains, planes, space vehicles.
Lathes, mills, grinders, drills, tools.
Copiers, computers.
Medical devices and equipment.
Pressure vessels and pipes.
Engineering Branches 14
Mechanical Engineering
• • Energy • Design of Structures and Motion of Mechanical Systems
Manufacturing
Design processes to convert raw materials into products.
Design equipment.
Design machines to make machines.
Manufacturing processes.
Automation and robotics.
Increase efficiency.
Engineering Branches 15
ASME Groups and Divisions
http://divisions.asme.org/ Basic Engineering Technical Group
• Applied Mechanics • Bioengineering • Fluids Engineering • Heat Transfer • Materials • Tribology (friction)
- Elasticity - Micromechanics
• Fluid Power Systems and Technology • Information Storage & Processing Systems • Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) of ASME. Prof.
Stephen P. Timoshenko
, was the first Chairman.
Engineering Branches 16
Civil Engineering
• • • Oldest branch
Plan, design and supervise the construction of facilities
: buildings, transit systems, water supply and treatment, etc.
American Society of Civil Engineers (A.S.C.E.)
(8 institutes, 11 technical divisions) Engineering Branches 17
Civil Engineering
•
Structural
• Transportation • Environmental • Water Resources • Geotechnical • Surveying • Construction Design bridges, buildings, dams, tunnels, tanks, transmission towers, offshore platforms, satellites.
Analyze forces on structures.
Select components & materials to ensure structures strong, stable and durable.
Structural Dynamics.
Engineering Branches 18
Civil Engineering
• • Structural
Transportation
• Environmental • Water Resources • Geotechnical • Surveying • Construction Safe efficient movement of people and goods.
Highways, roads, harbors, ports, mass transit, airports, railroads.
Gas, oil and other transport systems.
Engineering Branches 19
Civil Engineering
• Structural • Transportation •
Environmental
• Water Resources • Geotechnical • Surveying • Construction Control / prevent / eliminate: air / water / soil pollution.
Design / operate: water systems, waste water and sewage systems, garbage disposal systems, air quality control systems, recycling systems.
Toxic clean-up and pesticide control.
Engineering Branches 20
Civil Engineering
• Structural • Transportation • • Environmental
Water Resources
• Geotechnical • Surveying • Construction Ensure availability, delivery.
Develop new sources.
Harbors, rivers, coastal protection.
Flood control, irrigation, drainage.
Hydro-electric facilities.
Engineering Branches 21
Civil Engineering
• Structural • Transportation • Environmental • Water Resources •
Geotechnical
• Surveying • Construction Study properties of soil / rock on which structures are placed.
How does ground support the loads?
Dams, levees, foundations, offshore, settlement, stability of slopes, seepage of ground water.
Earthquakes.
Engineering Branches 22
Civil Engineering
• Structural • Transportation • Environmental • Water Resources • • Geotechnical
Surveying
• Construction Mapping construction sites – buildings, pipes, utilities.
Locate property lines.
LEGAL issues – requires state license.
Satellites, aerial/terrestrial photography, computer processing, GPS.
Engineering Branches 23
Civil Engineering
• Structural • Transportation • Environmental • Water Resources • • Geotechnical • Surveying
Construction
Technical & management skills.
Plan and build facilities that other engineers and architects design.
Estimate costs, equipment & personnel needs.
Supervise construction, operating and startup.
Know methods, equipment.
Engineering Branches 24
ASCE Technical Institutes
• • • • • • • •
Architectural Engineering Institute (AEI)
– all professionals in the building industry 1998
Coasts, Oceans, Ports, and Rivers Institute (COPRI)
2000
Construction Institute (CI)
– Construction and Materials Divisions at ASCE. … suppliers, testing laboratories, bonding agencies, insurance providers, financial firms, accounting firms, and legal firms
Engineering Mechanics Institute (EMI)
– fourteen technical committees
Environmental & Water Resources Institute (EWRI)
1999
Geo-Institute (G-I)
1996 – improving the environment, mitigating natural hazards, and economically constructing engineered facilities.
Structural Engineering Institute (SEI)
1996
Transportation & Development Institute
(T&DI) Engineering Branches 25
Other ASCE Tech. Groups
•
Technical Activities Committee (TAC)
oversees all the
technical groups within ASCE that are not currently part of the ASCE Institutes.
•
DIVISIONS
Aerospace Energy Geomatics Pipeline
•
TECHNICAL COUNCILS
Cold Regions Engineering Computing and Engineering Technology Forensic Engineering Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Wind Engineering
Engineering Branches 26
Computer Engineering
• • • Fastest growing branch in 1990s.
Design computer hardware & firmware.
• Started within electrical engineering, but requires specialized knowledge..
Computer Engineering vs.
Computer Science
Engineering Branches 27
Computer Engineering
•
Hardware
• Firmware
Computer
– processor, chips, circuit boards, networks, devices, components.
– Architecture.
Peripherals
–
Storage
: disk, RAM, ROM.
–
Output
: printer, monitor, speaker.
–
Input
: keyboard, mouse, scanner.
–
Communication
: Internet.
Engineering Branches 28
Computer Engineering
• • Hardware
Firmware Firmware
is microcode (software) that controls the processors. Firmware is the “internal thought process” of the computer that enables it to perform basic operations required by software in general.
Engineering Branches 29
Computer Engineering
•
Computer Science
• Comp. Scientists write the programs.
Theory, design and implementation of
software
(an intangible product).
Software
: set of instructions that hardware can read and execute.
OS, AI, networking, comm., database, computer human interaction, graphics, computations.
Engineering Branches 30
Industrial Engineering
• • Develop efficient ways to use
resources
for a process or to make a product. Management and planning.
Resources
: people, machines, materials, energy, information.
• Design and manage Quality Control (QC) programs.
• Design facitilities and plants.
• Human and organizational aspects of systems design.
Engineering Branches 31
Aerospace Engineering
• Commercial & military aircraft, missiles, spacecraft.
• New technologies.
• Aerodynamics, propulsion, thermodynamics, structures, celestial mechanics, acoustics; materials.
• Guidance and control systems.
Engineering Branches 32
Environmental Engineering
• Use Civil Engineering, Biology and Chemistry to solve environmental problems.
• Air pollution, water management, water supply, waste water, solid waste, public health, hazardous waste. • Clean up and prevent.
Engineering Branches 33
Chemical Engineering
• Use training in engineering and chemistry to create usable products.
• Chemical production facilities; manufacturing facilities that use chemicals.
• Plastics, building materials, food products, pharmaceuticals, rubber, synthetic fibers, petroleum products (plastics, shampoos, perfume, fertilizers, petrochemicals).
• Environment: Clean up and prevent.
Engineering Branches 34
Materials Engineering
• •
Materials Science
: study what makes materials strong, stiff, fracture, fatigue, conductive, corrode, etc.
Materials Engineering
knowing the science
… http://www.testresources.com/ – Develop ways/new materials that improve material properties (strength, corrosion resistance, etc.) – Select right material for the job (mechanical, electrical, thermal, chemical properties, costs).
– Graphite golf clubs, tiles on space shuttle, high strength/temperature alloys in turbines.
Engineering Branches 35
Metallurgical Engineering
• • •
Extractive Metallurgy
: remove metal from ores, refine, alloy.
Physical Metallurgy
: study structure (microstructure), properties, processing products.
Mechanical Metallurgy
: develop/improve metal working processes (casting, forging, rolling, drawing).
Engineering Branches The Internet Microscope www.umist.ac.uk/intmic/ 36
Ceramic Engineering
• Non-metallic minerals, clays, silicates (
sand
).
• Glassware, tiles, bricks.
• Semiconductors.
• Solar panels, insulators.
• Fiber optics.
• High temperature applications.
Engineering Branches 37
Bio/Biomedical Engineering
• Design diagnostic and theraputic devices.
• Prostheses.
• Pace makers, implants.
• Bio-compatible materials.
• Blood analyzers, imaging, lasers, life support systems.
http://adam.about.com/surgery/100006.htm# Engineering Branches 38
Architectural Engineering
• •
Architects
are primarily concerned with space use and aesthetics.
Architectural Engineers
are concerned with building safety, cost, and sound construction methods.
Engineering Branches 39
Nuclear Engineering
• Design, construct and operate nuclear power plant.
• Nuclear submarines, space power.
• Handle fuels, dispose of waste.
• Medical applications (imaging).
Engineering Branches 40
Petroleum Engineering
• Find and extract oil and natural gas.
• Remove, transport and store.
• Design processes, equipment and systems.
• Refine into useful products (fuel, plastics).
Engineering Branches 41
Ocean Engineering Naval Architecture
• •
Ocean Engineers
Design offshore platforms, harbors, underwater structures and machines.
Naval Architects
Design ships and vessels.
Engineering Branches 42
Mining/Geological Engr.
• Find, remove and transport (coal, metals, minerals).
• Design processes, equipment and systems.
• Return ground to natural state.
Engineering Branches 43
Manufacturing Engineering
• Study behavior of materials.
• Design systems, equipment and tools.
• Manage overall manufacturing process.
Engineering Branches 44
Agricultural Engineering
• Food production, processing, marketing, distribution.
• Agricultural equipment, processes, structures.
• Power, machinery, electricity.
• Soil, water, forestry, bioengineering.
• “Everything” to do with
Ag
.
Engineering Branches 45
Systems Engineering
• Design, develop and operate large, complex systems.
• Integration of components in a limited
envelope
.
(e.g., a Boeing 747 has ~ million parts).
• Math, computer applications, queuing (ordering) theory, simulation.
Engineering Branches 46
Other Engineering Branches
• Fire Protection • Military • Optical • Software Engineering Branches 47
UC Santa Barbara College of Engineering
• Chemical Engineering • Computer Science • Computer Engineering • Electrical Engineering • Mechanical Engineering • Materials Engineering (graduate) Engineering Branches 48
Cal Poly San Luis Obispo
College of Engineering
• Aerospace (AERO) • Biomedical (BMED) • Civil (CE) • Computer Engr. (CMPE) • Computer Science (CSC) • Electrical (EE) • Environmental (ENVE) • General (GENE)* • Industrial (IE) • Manufacturing (MFGE) • Materials (MATE) • Mechanical (ME) • Software (SE) • Fire Protection (graduate) Engineering Branches 49
Cal Poly San Luis Obispo
College of Architecture & Environmental Design
• Architectural Engineering (ARCE)
College of Agriculture
• Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering (BRAE) Engineering Branches 50